Language/Spanish/Culture/Mexico-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Mexico - A chronology of key events
Mexico-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Mexico-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Date Event

Spanish Mexico[edit | edit source]

Under the reign of Charles V[edit | edit source]

1517 the conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba discovers the Yucatán.
1521 capture of Mexico after a siege of three months. End of the Aztec Empire.
August 13, 1521 Hernán Cortés governs New Spain.
December 9, 1528 Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán is appointed president of the first Audiencia.
January 10, 1531 the second Audiencia composed of Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal, Vasco de Quiroga, Juan de Salmerón, Alonso de Maldonado, Francisco Ceinos.
April 17, 1535 Don Antonio de Mendoza is the first viceroy of New Spain
January 25, 1553 Viceroy Luis de Velasco inaugurates the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico.

During the reign of Philip II[edit | edit source]

November 28, 1607 Viceroy Luis de Velasco (son) orders the start of work on the Huehuetoca canal to control the floods in Mexico City.
1610 Viceroy Luis de Velasco (son) receives the first Japanese embassy composed of Luis Sotelo and Shōsuke Tanaka.
August 20, 1611 major earthquake in Mexico City.
1616 drought and famine in New Spain.
1620 Viceroy Diego Fernández de Córdoba had an aqueduct built with 900 arches to supply Mexico City with water.

During the reign of Philip IV[edit | edit source]

March 7, 1623 Viceroy Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel orders the start of drainage works in Mexico City.
January 17, 1637 earthquake in Mexico City.
April 22, 1639 a bull from Pope Urban VIII prohibits slavery in Latin America.
1641 Viceroy Diego López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla sends an expedition of Jesuits to colonize California.
1651 famine in Yucatan.
December 22, 1667 second consecration of the Cathedral of Mexico City.

During the reign of Charles II[edit | edit source]

June 6, 1675 first mint of gold coins in Mexico City.
July 12, 1684 solar eclipse in Mexico City.
1685 René Robert Cavelier de La Salle establishes Fort Saint-Louis in Victoria New Spain (now Texas).
1692 drought and famine, riots in Mexico City, the palace of Viceroy Gaspar de la Cerda Sandoval Silva y Mendoza is attacked by the crowd.
March 27, 1696 the students of the University of Mexico burn the scaffold in the Plaza de Armas during a riot put down by the Viceroy Juan Ortega y Montañés

Under the reign of Philippe V[edit | edit source]

1700 Viceroy José Sarmiento y Valladares establishes a curfew in Mexico City to fight crime.
October 12, 1709 founding of the city of San Francisco de Cuéllar (now Chihuahua)
1713 unprecedented snowfall in Mexico City.
1717 The Crown establishes a tobacco monopoly in New Spain.
June 16, 1718 attempted assassination of Viceroy Baltasar de Zúñiga.
1730 the currency of Mexico produces more than ten million pesos in silver and 151,560 in gold.
1735-1736 disasters fall on Mexico, floods and epidemics cause the death of two thirds of the indigenous population of Mexico.
1739 the English declare war on Spain and threaten the colonies.
1744 Viceroy Pedro Cebrián y Agustín orders a census of the population of New Spain, which indicates 3,865,000 inhabitants.

During the reign of Ferdinand VI[edit | edit source]

April 30, 1748 peace with England.
May 13, 1752 solar eclipse over New Spain.
May 8, 1753 birth of Miguel Hidalgo in Guanajuato.

During the reign of Charles III[edit | edit source]

September 29, 1759 birth of the El Jorullo volcano in Michoacán.
1761 smallpox epidemic.
1762 new war with England.
November 3, 1763 the Treaty of Fontainebleau cedes the territories of Louisiana located west of the Mississippi to Spain.
September 30, 1765 birth of José María Morelos in Vallodalid.
January 21, 1779 birth of Ignacio Allende.
February 12, 1779 departure of an exploration expedition sent by Viceroy Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa which goes up the Pacific coast to Alaska.
1779 serious smallpox epidemic.
1779 the future Viceroy of New Spain Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid helps the American revolutionaries. He is considered in the United States as a hero of the revolution.
1780 Viceroy Martín de Mayorga orders the conservation of the archives of New Spain.
September 27, 1783 birth of Agustín de Iturbide, future emperor of Mexico.

During the reign of Charles IV[edit | edit source]

August 12, 1788 birth of Lorenzo de Zavala in Yucatan, future vice-president of the Republic of Texas.
November 14, 1789 for the first time we observe an aurora borealis in Mexico City.
1792 Fausto de Elhuyar is commissioned by King Charles III of Spain to organize the Real Seminario de Minería (School of Mines) in Mexico City.
February 21, 1794 birth of Antonio López de Santa Anna in Xalapa.
October 5, 1797 new war with England.
March 8, 1800 earthquake in Mexico City.
October 1, 1800 Spain surrenders Louisiana to France.
October 5, 1801 earthquake in Oaxaca.
1802 peace with England.
January 4, 1803 José de Iturrigaray is Viceroy of New Spain, he is rather favorable to the ideas of independence.
March 22, 1803 arrival of Baron Alexander von Humboldt.
April 30, 1803 Napoleon sells Louisiana to the United States.
September 1, 1808 Melchor de Talamantes publishes two leaflets in favor of independence.
September 15, 1808 The Viceroy José de Iturrigaray is deposed by the anti-independence activists.

During the reign of Ferdinand VII[edit | edit source]

September 16, 1808 Pedro de Garibay a senile old man replaces the deposed Viceroy.

During the reign of Joseph Bonaparte[edit | edit source]

February 1809 the Archbishop of Mexico Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont replaces Pedro de Garibay as Viceroy.
September 14, 1810 Francisco Javier Venegas is appointed Viceroy of New Spain.
September 15-16, 1810 Grito de Dolores
August 19, 1811 first attempt at independent government of French-dominated Spain by Ignacio López Rayón in Zitácuaro [1] [archive]
October 30, 1810 Miguel Hidalgo wins the battle at Monte de las Cruces, Mexico is about to fall, but Hidalgo hesitates and orders the retreat.
December 6, 1810 Hidalgo's decree abolishing slavery and tribute.
March 21, 1811 Miguel Hidalgo, Ignacio Allende and Juan Aldama, are taken prisoner in Acatita de Baján by the troops of Félix María Calleja del Rey.
July 30, 1811 Miguel Hidalgo is executed.

During the reign of Ferdinand VII[edit | edit source]

March 4, 1813 Félix María Calleja del Rey is Viceroy of New Spain.
November 6, 1813 promulgation of the decree of Independence
October 22, 1814 promulgation of the decree of the constitution of Apzingán; Universal suffrage
December 22, 1815 José María Morelos is executed.
September 20, 1816 Juan Ruiz de Apodaca is Viceroy of New Spain.
November 9, 1820 General Agustín de Iturbide receives command of the royalist troops of New Spain.

Independent Mexico[edit | edit source]

Main article Mexican War of Independence.
1820 secret negotiations between the Creole general Agustín de Iturbide and the independentist Vicente Guerrero.
February 24, 1821 Agustín de Iturbide publishes the Plan of Iguala.
August 23, 1821 Juan O'Donojú and General Antonio López de Santa Anna meet Agustín de Iturbide and sign the Treaty of Córdoba.
September 27, 1821 Iturbide (under the name of Augustine I) enters Mexico at the head of his army. Mexico is independent.
July 21, 1822 Agustín de Iturbide is crowned Augustin I, constitutional emperor of Mexico.
December 1822 Antonio López de Santa Anna and Guadalupe Victoria sign Casa Mata's Plan to overthrow Iturbide and establish a republic.
March 19, 1823 Iturbide abdicates.
July 19, 1824 Iturbide is overthrown and shot.
October 4, 1824 promulgation of the Constitution of the Mexican Republic
October 10, 1824 Guadalupe Victoria is the first president of the Mexican Republic.
Main article List of presidents of Mexico.
March 31, 1829 Vicente Guerrero becomes the second president of the Mexican Republic.
November 7, 1835 Helped by the United States, Texas proclaims its independence.
November 27-December 5, 1838 Battle of San Juan de Ulúa, heroic defense of the Port of Veracruz by Santa Anna against its occupation by the French.
May 13, 1846 The United States declares war on Mexico.
1847 Mexico enters the war and is invaded by the United States, the northern half of its territory is lost.
February 2, 1848 Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo between Mexico and the United States.
December 16, 1853 Santa Anna reinstalls his dictatorship.
June 25, 1856 “Loi lerdo”
1857 drafting of a liberal Constitution.
1858 start of the presidency of Benito Juárez.
July 17, 1861 Congress suspends payments of the External Debt for 2 years.
October 31, 1861 signature in London of the Triple Alliance (GB, FR, ESP) with a view to military intervention in Mexico.
December 7, 1861 Spanish troops land in Veracruz.
January 1862 English and French warships arrive in Veracruz.
1862-1867 expedition to Mexico, ephemeral empire of Maximilian of Habsburg.
April 28, 1862 Battle of Las Cumbres.
May 5, 1862 first battle of Puebla.
March 16-May 17, 1863 Second battle of Puebla, Mexico.
April 30, 1863 Battle of Camerone, Mexico, feat of arms of the Foreign Legion.
April 10, 1864 Maximilian of Austria accepts the imperial crown and signs the Treaty of Miramar with Napoleon III.
1862-1867 resistance of the reforming and liberal government of Bénito Juarez against French intervention leading to the withdrawal of Napoleon III's troops from the country
June 12, 1864 arrival in Mexico City of Maximilian and Charlotte of Habsburg, respectively Emperor and Empress of Mexico.
November 26, 1867 execution of the Emperor Maximilian, puppet of the French, shot in Queretaro.
1867 Benito Juarez becomes President of the Republic.
April 20, 1868 socialist rebellion of Julio Chavez López, in Chalco.
July 18-19, 1872 death of President Benito Juárez. Sébastien Lerdo Tejeda takes possession of the Presidency of the Republic.
1876 rebellion and seizure of power by Porfirio Díaz.
June 21, 1876 death of Antonio López de Santa Anna.
1880 start of the presidency of Manuel González, intimate of Díaz.
1884 end of Manuel González's presidency, Díaz regains power.
1908 Porfirio Díaz announces that there will be free elections.
1910:00:00
June 4 Gabriel Leyva rises against the government of Díaz. He was killed 8 days later.
November 14 Toribio Ortega rebellion.
November 20 Francisco Madero asks the Mexicans to take up arms.
1911:00:00
March uprising by Emiliano Zapata.
But end of the Porfirio Díaz presidency. Francisco Léon becomes president.
November Francisco Madero becomes president.
1913:00:00
February 18, 1913 Francisco Madero is forced to resign by Victoriano Huerta, his Minister of War, who had rebelled against him.
February 22, 1913 execution of Francisco Madero.
1914 occupation of the port of Veracruz by the Americans.
1914 Eulalio Gutiérrez becomes provisional president.
1915 death of Porfirio Díaz in Paris.
1916 creation of the newspaper El Universal.
February 5, 1917 Promulgation of a new constitution.
1919 murder of Emiliano Zapata on the orders of Venustiano Carranza.
1920:00:00
June 21, 1920 assassination of President Carranza.
December 1, 1920 start of the presidency of Alvaro Obregón.
1923 assassination of Francisco (Pancho) Villa.
1926 creation of the newspaper La Prensa.
July 17, 1928 assassination of Alvaro Obregon by José de Léon Toral, Catholic fanatic.
March 4, 1929 Plutarco Elías Calles founded the PNR, which would become the PRI in 1946.
1938:00:00
March 18, 1938 nationalization of the oil companies and creation of Pemex.
March 30, 1938 the PNR becomes the PMR.
1946 the PMR becomes the PRI.
1958 women can now vote.
Devaluation of the Peso at the rate of 12.5 per dollar.
1976 devaluation of the peso
1982 devaluation of the peso.
December 18, 1986 creation of the Rio Group.
1992 revaluation of the peso
January 1, 1994 entry into NAFTA. December
July 2, 2000 legislative and presidential elections. Vicente Fox Quesada, candidate of PAN (Partido Acción Nacional), is elected president.
April 2003 Mexico takes over the presidency of the UN Security Council.
May 18, 2003 summit between Mexico and the European Union in Madrid. The two parties notably expressed their support for respect for human rights and for the work of the United Nations.
March 29, 2004 the country signs the nuclear non-proliferation treaty and thus commits to authorizing surprise inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Mexico becomes the 81st country to join this pact.
July 2, 2006 legislative and presidential elections. PAN candidate Felipe Calderón Hinojosa is elected president with 36.89% of the vote.
July 1, 2012 Enrique Peña Nieto, of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, is elected president with 38.15% of the vote.

Source[edit | edit source]

World Timelines[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

A Crash Course in Mexican History #3: Colonial Spanish Rule ...[edit | edit source]

Learn Spanish and Mexico's history: The amazing Aztecs - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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