Language/Indo-portuguese/Grammar/Pronouns
Hi Indo-Portuguese learners! 馃槉
In this lesson, we will learn about Pronouns in Indo-Portuguese. Pronouns are an important part of communication, they are words that replace nouns in a sentence. By replacing nouns, pronouns help avoid repetition and make the language clearer and more efficient.
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: Conditional Mood, Adjectives, Questions & How to Use Be.
Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Personal pronouns are used to replace names of persons or things.
| Indo-Portuguese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Eu | /eu/ | I/me |
| Tu | /tu/ | You |
| Ele/Ela | /e色i/ /e色a/ | He/she/it/him/her |
| N贸s | /no蕛/ | We/us |
| V贸s | /vo蕛/ | You (plural) |
| Eles/Elas | /e色is/ /e色a蕛/ | They/them |
Examples:
- Person 1: Onde est谩 o Jo茫o? (Where is Jo茫o?)
- Person 2: Ele est谩 no banco. (He is at the bank.)
- Person 1: Quem comprou o carro? (Who bought the car?)
- Person 2: N贸s compramos o carro. (We bought the car.)
- Person 1: Voc锚s querem vir ao cinema? (Do you guys want to come to the cinema?)
- Person 2: Sim, n贸s queremos. (Yes, we want to.)
Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate or point to something specific.
| Indo-Portuguese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Este/Esta | /蓻蕛ti/ /蓻蕛ta/ | This (masculine/feminine) |
| Esses/Esse | /蓻si蕛/ /蓻s蓻/ | That (masculine/feminine) |
| Aquilo | /a'kilu/ | That (neutral) |
Examples:
- Person 1: Olha para este vestido. (Look at this dress.)
- Person 2: Gosto muito deste vestido. (I really like this dress.)
- Person 1: Aquelas casas ali s茫o muito bonitas. (Those houses over there are very beautiful.)
- Person 2: S茫o mesmo bonitas. (They're really beautiful.)
Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership of something.
| Indo-Portuguese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Meu/Minha | /m蓻w/ /m蓻刹a/ | My (masculine/feminine) |
| Teu/ Tua | /tew/ /tuja/ | Your (singular masculine/feminine) |
| Seu/Sua | /sew/ /suja/ | His/her/its/your (formal) |
| Nosso/Nossa | /no蕛u/ /no蕛a/ | Our (masculine/feminine) |
| Vosso/Vossa | /vosu/ /vosa/ | Your (plural masculine/feminine) |
| Seus/Suas | /sews/ /suwa蕛/ | Their/your (plural formal) |
Examples:
- Person 1: Este carro 茅 meu? (Is this car mine?)
- Person 2: Sim, 茅 teu. (Yes, it's yours.)
- Person 1: Nossa casa 茅 muito grande. (Our house is very big.)
- Person 2: Eu sei, estive l谩 ontem. (I know, I was there yesterday.)
Interrogative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.
| Indo-Portuguese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Quem | /k岷絯/ | Who |
| O que/Que | /o'ki/ /ki/ | What |
| Qual/Quais | /kwaw/ /kwa色蕛/ | Which |
| Quando | /kw'茫d蕣/ | When |
| Onde | /o虄ji/ | Where |
| Como | /'komu/ | How |
| Por que | /po删'ke/ | Why |
Examples:
- Person 1: O que 茅 isto? (What is this?)
- Person 2: Isto 茅 um livro. (This is a book.)
- Person 1: Como se diz "book" em portugu锚s? (How do you say "book" in Portuguese?)
- Person 2: Livro. (Book.)
Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that refer back to the subject of a sentence.
| Indo-Portuguese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Me | /mi/ | Myself |
| Te | /ti/ | Yourself |
| Se | /si/ | Himself/herself/itself/yourself (formal) |
| Nos | /nus/ | Ourselves |
| Vos | /vus/ | Yourselves |
| Se | /si/ | Themselves/yourself (plural formal) |
Examples:
- Person 1: Eu vou maquilhar-me para a festa. (I'm going to do my makeup for the party.)
- Person 2: Tenho a certeza que vais ficar linda. (I'm sure you'll look beautiful.)
- Person 1: Voc锚s est茫o a divertir-se? (Are you guys having fun?)
- Person 2: Sim, estamos a divertir-nos muito. (Yes, we're having a lot of fun.)
Indefinite Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to an indefinite or unspecified person, place, or thing.
| Indo-Portuguese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Alguns/Algumas | /a色'gun蕛/ /a色'伞农a蕛/ | Some |
| Todos/Todas | /to'dus/ /to'da蕛/ | All/every |
| Poucos/Poucas | /po'ku蕛/ /po'kuas/ | Few/little |
| Muito/Muita | /'m农jtu/ /'m农jta/ | Much/many/a lot |
| Nenhum/Nenhuma | /n扫'刹确虄农/ /n扫'刹确虄ua/ | None/any |
Examples:
- Person 1: H谩 muito barulho aqui hoje. (There is a lot of noise here today.)
- Person 2: Sim, h谩 muita gente. (Yes, there are a lot of people.)
- Person 1: Algumas pessoas gostam de comer sushi. (Some people like to eat sushi.)
- Person 2: Eu sei, eu sou uma delas. (I know, I'm one of them.)
Recap[edit | edit source]
Let's recap quickly what we have learned. In this lesson, we talked about Pronouns, which are words that replace nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition and make the language clearer and more efficient. We covered Personal Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, and Indefinite Pronouns.
To improve your Indo-Portuguese Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!