Language/French/Grammar/Demonstrative-determiners

French Grammar - Demonstrative determiners

[CHANGED]

Definition: Demonstrative Determiners

The demonstrative determiner makes it possible to show in a precise way the thing, the person or the animal of which one speaks or which one spoke previously. It varies with the gender and number of the name it qualifies.

masculine singular	feminine singular	plural
ce, cette	cette	ces

Note

There are also forms composed with -ci or -là :

We use -ci to express proximity in time or space and -là for distance:

• Singular masculine: ce ...-là, ce ...-ci, cet ...-ci, cet ...-là
• Singular feminine: cette ...-ci, cette ...-là
• Plural: ces...-ci, ces...-là.

Examples

• Cet homme-ci est marié avec cette femme-là.

This man here is married that woman there.

• Ces enfants-là sont très sages.

These children there are very wise.

Note

When the determinant precedes a noun (or an adjective qualifying this noun) which begins with a vowel or a silent h ('h muet' in French), we must use cet instead of ce.

French	English
cet homme	this man
cet ancien artisan	that old craftsman
cet héroïsme	that heroism

When you add an adjective in front of the noun and if this adjective does not start with a vowel or a silent h, it is "ce" which must be used again.

• cet homme -> ce vieil homme

this man -> this old man

• cet artisan -> ce jeune artisan

this craftsman -> this young craftsman

• ce discours -> cet accablant discours

this  speech -> this  overwhelming speech

Summary table: Demonstrative Determiners

		Proximate	Non-proximate
masc	ce, cet	ce, cet ... ci	ce, cet ... là
	this, that	this ... (here)	that ... (there)
fern	cette	cette ... ci	cette ... là
	this, that	this ... (here)	that... (there)
plur	ces	ces ... ci	ces ... là
	these, those	these ... (here)	those ... (there)

Other chapters

Table of Contents

Nouns

• Types
• Gender
• Plural

---

Determiners

• Articles
• Typical use of the definite article
• Typical use of the indefinite article
• The partitive article: du, de l', de la, des
• Use of indefinite and partitive articles after the negative forms ne... pas, ne... jamais, ne... plus, ne... guère
• Omission of the article
• Demonstrative determiners
• Possessive determiners

---

Personal and impersonal pronouns

• Subject pronouns
• Object pronouns
• Stressed pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns
• Possessive pronouns

---

Adjectives

• Adjectives modifying the noun
• Adjectives which follow verbs or verbal expressions
• Adjectives with complements
• Indefinite and negative noun phrases with adjective complements
• Adjectives used as nouns
• Adjectives used as adverbs
• Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives
• Plural forms of adjectives
• Adjective agreement with nouns
• Invariable adjectives
• Compound adjectives
• Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives
• Subjunctive versus indicative in clauses dependent on a superlative adjective
• Absolute use of the superlative

---

Adverbs

• Function of adverbs
• Formation of adverbs with the ending -ment
• Adjectives used as adverbs without addition of -ment
• Phrases used as adverbs
• English and French adverb formation
• Types of adverbs
• Location of adverbs

---

Numbers, measurements, time and quantifiers

• Cardinal numbers
• Ordinal numbers
• Fractions
• Some differences in the use of cardinal and ordinal numbers in French and English
• Measurements and comparisons
• Dates, days, years
• Clock time
• Money
• Quantifiers

---

Verb forms

• Conjugations
• Easy ways of generating some parts of the paradigms
• Changes in the stem form of some -er conjugation verbs
• Verbs whose stems end in c- or g-
• Verb paradigms

---

Verb constructions

• Relations between verbs and their complements
• Intransitive constructions
• Directly transitive verbs
• Indirectly transitive verbs
• Ditransitive verbs
• The passive
• Pronominal verbs
• Impersonal verbs
• Verbs which take noun + adjective or noun + noun complements

---

Verb and participle agreement

• Subject-verb agreement
• Agreement of the past participle with the subject of être
• Agreement of the past participle of verbs conjugated with avoir with a preceding direct object
• Agreement of the past participle of pronominal verbs in compound tenses

---

Tense

• The present
• The past
• The future
• Other tenses indicating the time at which events occur relative to other events
• Combining tenses
• Tenses in direct and reported descriptions of events
• Tenses with si

---

The subjunctive, modal verbs, exclamatives and imperatives

• The attitude of the subject to events: the subjunctive
• The use of devoir, pouvoir, savoir, falloir
• The French equivalents of the English modal verbs: 'would', 'should', 'could', 'may', 'might', 'ought to', and 'must'
• Exclamatives
• Imperatives

---

The infinitive

• Introduction: what are infinitives?
• Infinitives as complements to other verbs
• Verbs which take infinitive complements without a linking preposition
• Verbs which take infinitive complements preceded by the preposition à
• Verbs which take an infinitive complement preceded by de
• Omission of objects before infinitives
• Infinitives as complements to adjectives
• Infinitives as complements to nouns
• Infinitives in subordinate clauses
• Infinitives as polite commands
• Quick-reference index to verbs taking infinitive complements

---

Prepositions

• Introduction
• Prepositions listed alphabetically from à to vers
• French translations for common English prepositions

---

Question formation

• Introduction
• Yes/no questions
• Information questions
• Order of object pronouns in questions involving inversion
• Order of negative particles in questions involving inversion
• Use of question words and phrases: qui?, que?, quoi?, quel?, de qui?, avec combien de? etc.
• Indirect questions

---

Relative clauses

• Introduction
• Use of relative qui
• Use of relative que
• Preposition plus qui
• Use of lequel in relative clauses
• Use of dont, de qui, duquel/de laquelle/desquels/desquelles
• The use of où as a relative pronoun
• Use of relative quoi
• Free relative clauses and the use of ce qui, ce que, ce dont, ce à quoi, ce sur quoi, etc.
• Translating 'whoever', 'whatever', 'wherever', 'whenever', 'however'
• Indicative and subjunctive in relative clauses

---

Negation

• Introduction
• Location of sentence negators
• Order of negators in multiple negation
• Omission of ne in sentence negation
• Order of negative elements in questions and imperatives
• ne... pas
• ne... que
• ne... aucun(e), ne... nul(le)
• ne... jamais
• ne... plus
• ne... guère
• ne... rien
• ne... personne
• ne... ni... ni
• sans used with other negators
• ne used alone

---

Conjunctions and other linking constructions

• Introduction
• Coordinating conjunctions
• Subordinating conjunctions
• Conjunctions sometimes confused by English speakers
• Repeated subordinating conjunctions
• Subordinating conjunctions used with infinitive clauses
• après avoir/ être + past participle linking an infinitive clause to a main clause
• Past participle phrases used as linkers
• Present participles and gerunds

Other Lessons

• Directly transitive verbs without objects
• se as an alternative to an English passive
• "C'est" or "Ce sont"
• Position of subject pronouns
• Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives — A change in written and spoken French
• Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives — A change from a nasal vowel to an oral vowel
• Prepositions
• Use of en
• ensuite VS puis
• Differences in the use of numbers in French and English mille milliers milliards
• Easy way of generating the present subjunctive
• Vous and Tu Complete Guide
• Cardinal numbers
• Common Mistakes
• Cardinal Numbers — When to use figures and when to use words