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| Hi, everyone. Here is the index of a gallery of traditional architectures before 1970 around the world. | | Hi, everyone. Here is the index of a gallery of traditional architectures before 1970 around the world. |
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| Details:
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| * Adinkra Symbols & Meanings https://www.adinkrasymbols.org/
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| * Heraldry of the world https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/wiki/Heraldry_of_the_world
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| * Kilim Motifs and Symbols https://www.kilim.com/kilim-wiki/kilim-motifs
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| * Тамга https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0
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| * 日本の内装材料辞典 伝統文様 https://naisouzairyou-annai.jp/pattern/tradition/index.html
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| * 家紋のいろは https://irohakamon.com/
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| * 纹明 https://cnpattern.cn/index
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| Article status: in progress | | Article status: in progress |
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| !time of origin | | !time of origin |
| !image | | !image |
| |-
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| * ''sayyid ḥayawānāt'' سيد حيوانات [arb]
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| |Mesopotamia
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| |c. 6000 BC
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pendentif_minoen_%28British_Museum%29_%288704963755%29.jpg/330px-Pendentif_minoen_%28British_Museum%29_%288704963755%29.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Master_of_Animals
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| |-
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| * cādūceus [lat]
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| * ''kērúkeion'' κηρύκειον [grc]
| |
| |symbol of Hermes; used to represent printing, commerce, medicine
| |
| |Mesopotamia
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| |c. 4000 BC – 3000 BC
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Caduceus.svg/220px-Caduceus.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Columbian_press_Caduceus.jpg/330px-Columbian_press_Caduceus.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caduceus
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| |-
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| * ''miftāḥ al-Ḥayāh'' مفتاح الحياه [arb,arz]
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| * ''ꜥnḫ'' [egy]
| |
| |represents life
| |
| |30<sup>th</sup> century BC – 29<sup>th</sup> century BC
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| |Egypt
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ankh.svg/150px-Ankh.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Totenbuch.jpg/330px-Totenbuch.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ankh
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| |-
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| * ''anthémio'' ανθέμιο [grc]
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| * ''saʕafa al-naḵīl'' سعفة النخيل [arb]
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| |ornament
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| |Egypt
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| |c. 2500 BC
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Orna105-Stirnziege.png/250px-Orna105-Stirnziege.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Palmette%2C_Propylon%2C_Sanctuary_of_Aphaia%2C_Aegina%2C_500_BC%2C_176103.jpg/330px-Palmette%2C_Propylon%2C_Sanctuary_of_Aphaia%2C_Aegina%2C_500_BC%2C_176103.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palmettes
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| |-
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| * güneş kursu [tur]
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| |Anatolia
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| |20<sup>th</sup> century BC
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hittite_sun_disk.svg/250px-Hittite_sun_disk.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sundisk_Alacahoyuk.jpg/500px-Sundisk_Alacahoyuk.jpg
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| |- | | |- |
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| |c. 1600 BC – c. 1045 BC | | |c. 1600 BC – c. 1045 BC |
| |China, Greece, Maya Region | | |China, Greece, Maya Region |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Greek_Key.svg/150px-Greek_Key.svg.png | | |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Greek_Key.svg/120px-Greek_Key.svg.png |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rhodes_meander_hg.jpg/500px-Rhodes_meander_hg.jpg | | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rhodes_meander_hg.jpg/500px-Rhodes_meander_hg.jpg |
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| |- | | |- |
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| * ''xiángyún'' 祥雲 祥云 [grc] | | * |
| |auspicious clouds: represents peace
| |
| |1131 BC – 1012 BC
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| |China
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/MET_RT665.jpg/500px-MET_RT665.jpg
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| |-
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| | | | | |
| * ''ákănthos'' ἄκανθος [grc]
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| |ornament
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| |Greece
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| |c. 420 BC – 450 BC
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Timeline_of_acanthus_leafes_in_different_styles%2C_each_one_beaing_notated_with_a_letter._a-Greek%2C_b-Roman%2C_c-Byzantine%2C_d-Romanesque%2C_e%2C_f-Gothic%2C_g-Renaissance%2C_h%2C_i-Baroque%2C_j%2C_k-Rococo.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Museum_Istanbul_2013-03-18o.jpg/330px-Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Museum_Istanbul_2013-03-18o.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acanthus_ornaments
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| |-
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| | | | | |
| * ''haverzhut’yan nshan'' Հավերժության նշան [hye]
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| |national symbol of Armenia
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| | | | | |
| |1<sup>st</sup> century BC
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ArmenianEternity.svg/250px-ArmenianEternity.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Jerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282892533612%29.jpg/500px-Jerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282892533612%29.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Armenian_eternity_sign
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| |-
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| | | | | |
| * ''gereh'' گره [pes]
| | |} |
| |ornament | |
| |Syria
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| |2<sup>nd</sup> century
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Green_mosque_girih.png/150px-Green_mosque_girih.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Samarkand_Shah-i_Zinda_Tuman_Aqa_complex.JPG/330px-Samarkand_Shah-i_Zinda_Tuman_Aqa_complex.JPG
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Girih_tiles
| | == Others == |
| |-
| | * 19 Popular Types of Chinese Knots and Their Meanings https://anyofchina.com/popular-types-of-chinese-knots-and-their-meanings/ |
| |
| | * Adinkra Symbols & Meanings https://www.adinkrasymbols.org/ |
| * ''fúzì'' 福字 [cmn] | | * Heraldry of the world https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/wiki/Heraldry_of_the_world |
| |character of fortune
| | * Kilim Motifs and Symbols https://www.kilim.com/kilim-wiki/kilim-motifs |
| |China
| | * Our 8 Favourite Celtic Knots and their Meanings https://irelandwide.com/celtic-knots/#5-dara-knot-5 |
| |Song period
| | * Тамга https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0 |
| (960 – 1279)
| | * 日本の内装材料辞典 伝統文様 https://naisouzairyou-annai.jp/pattern/tradition/index.html |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ChunTei_Black_Fu_Nagayama_Kai.svg/250px-ChunTei_Black_Fu_Nagayama_Kai.svg.png
| | * 家紋のいろは https://irohakamon.com/ |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols_based_on_%E7%A6%8F
| | * 纹明 https://cnpattern.cn/index |
| |-
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| * Sol de Mayo [spa]
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| |image of Inti; represents the May Revolution
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| |Río de la Plata
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| |1810
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg/150px-Sol_de_Mayo-Bandera_de_Argentina.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Johann_Melchior_Dinglinger_-_Sun_mask_with_facial_features_of_August_II_%28the_Strong%29_as_Apollo%2C_the_Sun_God_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Johann_Melchior_Dinglinger_-_Sun_mask_with_facial_features_of_August_II_%28the_Strong%29_as_Apollo%2C_the_Sun_God_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sun_of_May
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| |-
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| * ''Rubʻ Ḥizb'' ربع حزب [arb] | |
| |symbol of Islam
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| |al-Andalus
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| |2<sup>nd</sup> century
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| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rub_El_Hizb.svg/250px-Rub_El_Hizb.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Kufic_calligraphy%2C_Isfahan%2C_Iran_October_2007.jpg/500px-Kufic_calligraphy%2C_Isfahan%2C_Iran_October_2007.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rub_El_Hizb
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| |-
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| |
| * coq gaulois [fra]
| |
| |represents the nation of France
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| |France
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| |Renaissance
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| (14<sup>th</sup> century – 17<sup>th</sup> century)
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Auguste-Nicolas_Cain%2C_French_Cock_Crowing%2C_model_c._1860-1894%2C_cast_possibly_1890s-c._1914%2C_NGA_57645.jpg/250px-Auguste-Nicolas_Cain%2C_French_Cock_Crowing%2C_model_c._1860-1894%2C_cast_possibly_1890s-c._1914%2C_NGA_57645.jpg
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| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gallic_rooster
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| |-
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| * Marianne [fra] | |
| |personification of the French Republic
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| |France
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| |1789
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Empreinte_d%C3%A9tach%C3%A9e_de_sceau_rond%2C_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte%2C_1799.jpg/330px-Empreinte_d%C3%A9tach%C3%A9e_de_sceau_rond%2C_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte%2C_1799.jpg
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| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marianne
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| |-
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| * ''ʕayn ḥūrus'' عين حورس [arb,arz]
| |
| |Eye of Horus: represents well-being, healing, and protection
| |
| |Egypt
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| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/250px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Wedjat_collection.jpg/500px-Wedjat_collection.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eye_of_Horus
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| |-
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| * adinkra [aka]
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| |Gyaman
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| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Adinkra_motifs_Rattray_1927.jpg
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/NtonsoAdinkra.jpg
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| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adinkra
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| |-
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| * ''borǯɣali'' ბორჯღალი [kat] | |
| |represents the Sun and eternity
| |
| |Georgia
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Borjgala.svg/250px-Borjgala.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Borjgali_of_Gulebi_mosque.jpg/500px-Borjgali_of_Gulebi_mosque.jpg | |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Borjgali
| |
| |-
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| |
| |
| * Celtic knot [eng] | |
| * cwlwm Celtaidd [cym]
| |
| * kolm Keltek [cor]
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| * snaidhm Ceilteach [gla]
| |
| * snaidhm Cheilteach [gle]
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| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Celtic-knot-basic-linear.svg/250px-Celtic-knot-basic-linear.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bromptoncross.jpg/330px-Bromptoncross.jpg
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| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Celtic_knots
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| |-
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| * chakana [que] | |
| |
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| |Andes
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| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tawa_chakana.svg/150px-Tawa_chakana.svg.png
| |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Chacana_de_Jujuy2.JPG/330px-Chacana_de_Jujuy2.JPG
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| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chakana
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| |-
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| |
| |
| * gul ''گل'' [pes]
| |
| |ornament
| |
| |Central Asia, Western Asia
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Konya_18th_carpet_with_Memling_gul_design.jpg
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * ''ḵamsa'' خمسة [arb,arz]
| |
| |protection against the evil eye; hand of Mary in Christianity; hand of Fatima in Islam; Ahl al-Kisa in Shia; the “strong hand” of the Lord in Judaism
| |
| |Northern Africa
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/150px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Khamsa.jpg/330px-Khamsa.jpg
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| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khamsa
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| |-
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| * ''kokhlĭ́ās'' κοχλίας [grc]
| |
| |ornament
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| |Greece
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/SixIonicOrders.jpg/250px-SixIonicOrders.jpg
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| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Erechteion_-_chapiteau.jpg/500px-Erechteion_-_chapiteau.jpg
| |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volutes
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * koru [mri]
| |
| |represents new life, growth, strength and peace
| |
| |New Zealand
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Fiddlehead_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/250px-Fiddlehead_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png
| |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pounamu_2.jpg/330px-Pounamu_2.jpg
| |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Koru
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| |-
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| * ''najma ʕaštār'' نجمة عشتار [arb]
| |
| |symbol of Inanna/Ishtar
| |
| |Mesopotamia
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ishtar-star-symbol.svg/250px-Ishtar-star-symbol.svg.png
| |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ishtar_in_Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre.jpg/330px-Ishtar_in_Kudurru_Melishipak_Louvre.jpg
| |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Star_of_Ishtar
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * ''najma šams'' نجمة شمش [arb]
| |
| |symbol of Shamash
| |
| |Mesopotamia
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shamash-sun-symbol_%283_rays%29.svg/250px-Shamash-sun-symbol_%283_rays%29.svg.png
| |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Medaillon_astre_Sb_6585.jpg/330px-Medaillon_astre_Sb_6585.jpg
| |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Star_of_Shamash
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * pakudos [eng]
| |
| |ornament
| |
| |Mindoro
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pakudos.svg/250px-Pakudos.svg.png
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * Rojê Kurdî [kmr]
| |
| * ڕۆژی کوردی [ckb]
| |
| |national symbol of the Kurds
| |
| |Kurdistan Region
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/250px-Roj_emblem.svg.png
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * ''šahādatu'' شهادة [arb]
| |
| |Islam oath and creed
| |
| |Arabia
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ar_Liwa_hariadhi_islamic_flag.svg/330px-Ar_Liwa_hariadhi_islamic_flag.svg.png
| |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg
| |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shahada
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * wiphala [que]
| |
| |red represents the Earth and the Andean being;
| |
| orange represents the society and culture;
| |
| | |
| yellow represents energy and strength;
| |
| | |
| white represents time and change;
| |
| | |
| green represents natural resources and wealth;
| |
| | |
| blue represents the cosmos;
| |
| | |
| violet represents Andean government and self-determination
| |
| |Andes
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Banner_of_the_Qulla_Suyu_%281979%29.svg/150px-Banner_of_the_Qulla_Suyu_%281979%29.svg.png
| |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Desfile_con_Wiphala_2.jpg/500px-Desfile_con_Wiphala_2.jpg
| |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiphala
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * xicalcoliuhqui [ncl] | |
| |associated with many ideas that are related to twists including water, waves, clouds, serpents, cyclical movements
| |
| |Mesoamerica
| |
| |
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/12-05oaxaca077.jpg/500px-12-05oaxaca077.jpg
| |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xicalcoliuhqui
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| * ꦱꦸꦂꦪꦩꦙꦭꦲꦶꦡ꧀ [kaw] | |
| * मजपहितस्य सूर्य [san]
| |
| |
| |
| |Java
| |
| |Majapahit period
| |
| (1292 – 1527)
| |
| |https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Surya_Majapahit.svg/250px-Surya_Majapahit.svg.png
| |
| https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Surya_Majapahit.jpg | |
| | |
| https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Surya_Majapahit
| |
| |}
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| {{Traditional-Symbols-and-Motifs}} | | {{Traditional-Symbols-and-Motifs}} |
|
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| {{other-lessons}}
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