Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Traditional-Calendars-and-Clocks"

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This is a list of calendar and timekeeping around the world.
{{Traditions}}
 
This is a list of calendar and clock around the world.
 
This page has a sibling: [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Calendar-and-clock Astrologies].
 
Further reading: [https://www.timeanddate.com/date/perfect-calendar.html Is There a Perfect Calendar?]


== Calendar ==
== Calendar ==
{| class="wikitable"
=== Akan calendar ===
! name
* There are 7 days in a week.
! description
* There are 6 weeks in a 42-day cycle.
|-
* There are 9 42-day cycles in a year.
| Gregorian calendar
 
|
=== Arakanese Kawza calendar ===
* The year one is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
* The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
* The 15<sup>th</sup> day in a month is the day of full moon.
* The start of a day is at sunrise.
* There is 1 leap month added after spring equinox (the 1<sup>st</sup> month) in a small or big leap year, for year 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 in a 19-year cycle.
* There is 1 leap day added to the 1<sup>st</sup> month in a big leap year.
* (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week associated with animals, celestial bodies, cardinal directions.
 
=== Armenian calendar ===
* The epoch is the year when date tables compiled by Andreas of Byzantium exhausted.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the day when date tables compiled by Andreas of Byzantium exhausted.
* There are 12 months and 5 days in a year.
* There are 30 days for every month.
 
=== Assamese calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Bhaskaravarman.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30.
* The start of a day is at sunrise.
* There is 1 leap day added to any month.
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
 
=== Assyrian calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly the year of presumed year of the calming of the great flood.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of a year is the day with new moon.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 5 months, 29 days in the last month without leap.
* There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
 
=== Aztec calendar ===
* There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year.
* There are 20 days in a week.
 
In addition:
* There is a 260-day cycle consisting of 13 signs and 20 names.
* The signs are associated with cardinal directions.
 
=== Baháʼí calendar ===
* The epoch is the year when Báb began teaching.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of a year is the day with spring equinox.
* There are 19 weeks and 4 days in a year without leap.
* There are 19 days in a week.
* The start of a day is at sunset.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 4 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Balinese saka calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of enthronement of Chashtana.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number.
* There is 1 leap month added to the end of the year.
* The first day of a month is the day after new moon.
 
=== Bengali calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly the year before King Shashanka unified Bengal.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* Days for months are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
* The start of a day is at sunrise.
* The start of a day is the midnight at Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further add or subtract 0.5 or 0.25 of hours.
* There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 4 months and the last month, 29 days in the second last month without leap.
* The leap day is placed in the second month.
* There is 1 leap day added to the 11<sup>th</sup> month.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
 
* (97 leaps in 400 years.)
In addition:
|-
* There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
| Chinese calendar
 
|
=== Borana calendar ===
* The year one is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 12 or 13 months in a year.
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
* The start of a year is when Triangulum is in conjunction with the new moon.
* The start of a month is when the new moon is in conjunction with a star or star system Triangulum, Pleiades, Aldebaran, Bellatrix, Central Orion-Saiph, Sirius for the first 6 months, full moon, gibbous moon, quarter moon, large crescent, medium crescent, small crescent in conjunction with Beta Triangulum in the last 6 months.
 
=== Burmese Kawza calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
* The 15<sup>th</sup> day in a month is the day of full moon.
* The start of a day is at sunrise.
* There is 1 leap month added after summer solstice (the 4<sup>th</sup> month) in a small or big leap year, for year 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 in a 19-year cycle.
* There is 1 leap day added to the 3<sup>rd</sup> month in a big leap year.
* (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week associated with animals, celestial bodies, cardinal directions.
 
=== Chinese agricultural calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of presumed enthronement of Yellow Thearch.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is possibly the presumed day of enthronement of Thearch Shun.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* The first month is the month with winter solstice.
* The first month is the month with winter solstice.
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month, determined by the moon phase.
* The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
* The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
* The start of a day is the midnight at Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further add or subtract 0.5 or 0.25 of hours.
* (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
* Leap month is the first month without a solar term of an even number.
* The start of a day is the midnight.
* (7 leaps in 19 years.)
* There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
|-
* (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
| Islamic calendar
 
|
In addition:
* The year one is the year of Hijra.
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches.
* There are 24 solar terms in a year.
* Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.
* A month is divided by 3 parts ‘上旬’, ‘中旬’, ‘下旬’.
 
=== Coptic calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the day of the Feast of Neyrouz.
* There are 13 months in a year.
* There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month.
 
=== Dai calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* The start of a year is the 6<sup>th</sup> month.
* There are 29 days in a month of an odd number, 30 days in a month of an even number.
* There is 1 leap day added to the 8<sup>th</sup> month.
* There is 1 leap month added after the 9<sup>th</sup> month.
* (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years, 1 leap days in 4 years.)
 
=== Dangun calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Dangun.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is possibly the presumed day of enthronement of Thearch Shun in Chinese agricultural calendar.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* The first month is the month with winter solstice.
* The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
* (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
* The start of a day is the midnight.
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
* (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches.
* Theae are 24 solar terms in a year.
* Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.
 
=== Ethiopian calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Diocletian.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
* There are 13 months in a year.
* There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month.
 
=== Gregorian calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
* The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
 
=== Hebrew calendar ===
* The epoch is the creation of the world in Genesis.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the presumed day of creation of the world in Genesis.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* The start of a day is at sunset.
* There are 13 months for year 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19 in a 19-year cycle.
* The leap month is placed at the end of the year.
* (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Igbo calendars ===
* There are 13 months and 1 day in a year.
* There are 7 weeks in a month.
* There are 4 days in a week.
 
=== Indian Bengali calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly the year before King Shashanka unified Bengal.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The start of a day is at sunrise.
* There are 31 days in the first 5 months, 30 days in the other 7 months without leap.
* There is 1 leap day added to the 11<sup>th</sup> month.
 
=== Indian national calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
* (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Javanese lunar calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The 14<sup>th</sup> day of a month is the day with full moon.
* There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number without leap.
* There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
* The start of a day is at sunset.
 
In addition:
* There is a 120-year cycle.
* There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups.
* There is a 5-day week.
* There is a 7-day week.
* There is a 35-day cycle consisting of the 5-day week and the 7-day week.
* There is a 210-day cycle.
 
=== Javanese mangsa calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* There are 12 periods in a year.
* The 14<sup>th</sup> day of a month is the day with full moon.
* Days for periods without leap are 41, 23, 24, 25, 27, 43, 43, 27, 25, 24, 23, 41.
* There is 1 leap day added to the 8<sup>th</sup> period.
* The start of a day is at sunset.
 
In addition:
There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups.
* There is a 5-day week.
* There is a 7-day week.
* There is a 35-day cycle consisting of the 5-day week and the 7-day week.
* There is a 210-day cycle.
 
=== Juche calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the birth of Kim Il-Sung.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the birth of Kim Il-Sung in Gregorian calendar.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
* The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 9 hours.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
 
=== Khmer calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* The year starts from the 5<sup>th</sup> month.
 
=== Kurdish calendar ===
* The epoch is when Battle of Nineveh took place.
* There are 31 days for the first 6 months, 30 days for the last 6 months without leap.
* There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== lunar Hijri calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
* (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
* The start of a day is at sunset.
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Malayalam calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly the year of foundation of Kollam.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The first day of a year is when the Sun enters Aries.
* The first day of a month is when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
* (There are 28 to 32 days in a month.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Mandaean calendar ===
* The epoch is the presumed year of birth of Adam.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 30 days in a month.
* There are 5 days at the end of the 8<sup>th</sup>month.
* The start of a day is dawn.
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Maya calendar ===
* There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year.
* There are 20 days in a week.
 
In addition:
* There is a 260-day cycle, consisting of 13 signs and 20 names.
 
=== Meitei calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 30 days in a month.
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Melanau calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 30 days in a month.
 
=== Mongolian calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* The start of a month is the day of new moon.
* The start of a year is the second day of new moon after winter solstice.
* There is 1 leap month added.
 
In addition:
* There is a 60-year cycle associated with animals, colors.
* Every month is associated with an animal.
 
=== Nanakshahi calendar ===
* The epoch is the year when Guru Nanak is born.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 31 days in the first 5 months, 30 days in the last 7 months without leap.
* There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
* (There are about 1 leap in 4 years.)
 
=== Nepali Vikram calendar ===
* The epoch is the year when King Vikramaditya of Ujjain defeated the Śaka people.
* The year starts with the 2<sup>nd</sup> month.
* The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 29 to 32 days in a month.
* A leap month is sometimes added or subtracted in a year.
 
=== Odia calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly the presumed date of birth of Indradyumna.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* Days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30.
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== revised Julian calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
* The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.
 
=== scheduled lunar Hijri calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month, determined by the moon phase / There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number.
* There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number without leap.
* The first day of a month is the day with the first sight of the crescent.
* There are 30 days in the last month, if the number of the year in a 30-year cycle multiplied by 11/30 minus the number of past leaps in the 30-year cycle is higher than 1/2. (Years with a leap in the 30-year cycle are 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26, 29.)
* The start of a day is at sunset.
* The start of a day is at sunset.
* Month with the leap day is the last month.
* (There are 11 leaps in 30 years.)
* Year with the leap day is the year when the remainder is over 0.5 days.
 
* (11 leaps in 30 years.)
In addition:
|}
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== solar Hijri calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of a year is the spring equinox.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 5 months, 29 days in the last month without leap.
* The start of a day is at sunset.
* (There are about 8 leaps in 33 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Sui calendar ===
* There are 12 months without leap.
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
* There is 1 leap month added after the 9<sup>th</sup> month.
 
=== Tamil lunar calendar ===
* The first day of a year is the day when the Moon enters Aries.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
* (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Tamil solar calendar ===
* The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
* (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Thai lunar calendar ===
* The start of the epoch is the year zero.
* The start of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
* The 15<sup>th</sup> day in a month is the day of full moon.
* The start of a day is midnight.
* There is 1 leap month added after the 8<sup>th</sup> month in a big leap year.
* There is 1 leap day added to the 7<sup>th</sup> month in a small leap year.
* (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 12-year cycle associated with animals.
* There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies.
 
=== Thai solar calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Rama I.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the death of Siddhārtha Gautama in Gregorian calendar.
* There are 12 months in a year.
* Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
* The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 7 hours.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2<sup>nd</sup> month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies.
 
=== Tibetan Nyatri Tsenpo lunar calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Nyatri Tsenpo.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
* The 15<sup>th</sup> day in a month is the day of full moon.
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
* There are 25 leaps in 65 years.
 
In addition:
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.
 
=== Tibetan rabjung lunar calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the first introduction of the rabjung-cycle.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
* The 15<sup>th</sup> day in a month is the day of full moon.
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
* There are 25 leaps in 65 years.
 
In addition:
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.
 
=== Tibetan Thothori Nyantsen lunar calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Thothori Nyantsen.
* The start of the epoch is the year one.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
* The 15<sup>th</sup> day in a month is the day of full moon.
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
* There are 25 leaps in 65 years.
 
In addition:
* There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.
 
=== Tirhula calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year.
 
In addition:
* There is a 7-day week.
 
=== Tripuri calendar ===
 
=== Tulu calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year.
 
=== Unix time ===
* The start is the first day of the first month in 1970 in Gregorian calendar.
* The number of the time is the number of seconds since its start.
 
=== Vietnamese agricultural calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* The first month is the month with winter solstice.
* The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
* (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
* The start of a day is the midnight.
* The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
* (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)
 
=== Vira Nirvana calendar ===
* The epoch is the year of death of Mahavira.
* The start of the epoch is year zero.
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
 
=== Yele calendar ===
* The epoch is possibly when Yalambar defeated the Gopal dynasty in the Kathmandu Valley.
 
=== Yi 10-month calendar ===
* There are 10 months and 5 days in a year without leap.
* There are 36 days in a month.
* There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 5 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
* (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)
 
=== Yi 12-month calendar ===
* There are 12 months in a year without leap.
* There are 30 days in a month.
* There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
 
=== Yoruba calendar ===
* There are 4 days in a week.
* There are 91 weeks in a year.
 
=== Zulu calendar ===
* There are 13 months in a year.
* There are about 29 days in the first 12 months, 4 to 5 days in the last month.
 
== Clock ==
=== Burmese clock ===
* A day ရက် is divided into 8 units ‘ဗဟို’ evenly.
* Every ဗဟို is divided into 7.5 units ‘နာရီ’ evenly.
* Every နာရီ is divided into 4 units ‘ပါဒ်’ evenly.
* Every ပါဒ် is divided into 15 units ‘ဗီဇနာ’ evenly.
* Every ဗီဇနာ is divided into 6 units ‘ပြန်’ evenly.
* Every ပြန် is divided into 10 units ‘ခရာ’ evenly.
* Every ခရာ is divided into 12 units ‘ခဏ’ evenly.
* Every ခဏ is divided into 4 units ‘လယ’ evenly.
* Every လယ is divided into 1.25 units ‘အနုခရာ’ evenly.
 
=== Chinese clock ===
* A day is divided by 12 units ‘時’ evenly.
* A 時 is divided into 2 parts ‘初’, ‘正’ evenly.
* Each of those two parts is divided by 4 units ‘刻’ evenly.
 
In addition:
* Every 時 is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.
 
=== European clock ===
* A day is divided by 12 units ‘hour’ (in English) evenly.
* An hour is divided by 60 units ‘minute’ (in English) evenly.
* A minute is divided by 60 units ‘second’ (in English) evenly.
* A second is divided by 1000 units ‘millisecond’ (in English) evenly.
* A millisecond is divided by 1000 units ‘microsecond’ (in English) evenly.
* A microsecond is divided by 1000 units ‘nanosecond’ (in English) evenly.
* A nanosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘picosecond’ (in English) evenly.
* A picosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘femtosecond’ (in English) evenly.
* A femtosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘attosecond’ (in English) evenly.
* An attosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘zeptosecond’ (in English) evenly.
* A zeptosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘yoctosecond’ (in English) evenly.
* There is 1 leap second added to the last minute of a day.
 
=== Indian clock ===
==== common method ====
* A day is divided by 30 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly.
* A मुहूर्त is divided by 2 units ‘घड़ियां’ evenly.
* A घड़ियां is divided by 60 units ‘विघटि’ evenly.
* A विघटि is divided by 6 units ‘परमाणु’ evenly.
 
==== Vishnu Purana method ====
* A day is divided by 10 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly.
* A मुहूर्त is divided by 20 units ‘कला’ evenly.
* A कला is divided by 35 units ‘काष्ठा’ evenly.
* A काष्ठा is divided by 10 units ‘पलक झपकने का समय’ evenly.
 
===== small Vedic time =====
* A day is divided by 30 units ‘दण्ड’ evenly.
* A दण्ड is divided by 2 units ‘नाड़ी’ evenly.
* A नाड़ी is divided by 15 units ‘लघु’ evenly.
* A लघु is divided by 15 units ‘काष्ठा’ evenly.
* A काष्ठा is divided by 5 units ‘क्षण’ evenly.
* A क्षण is divided by 3 units ‘निमेष’ evenly.
* A निमेष is divided by 3 units ‘लावा’ evenly.
* A लावा is divided by 3 units ‘वेध’ evenly.
* A वेध is divided by 100 units ‘त्रुटि’ evenly.
* A त्रुटि is divided by 3 units ‘तॄसरेणु’ evenly.
* A तॄसरेणु is divided by 6 units ‘ब्रह्माण्डीय’ evenly.
 
=== Mongolian clock ===
* A day is divided by 12 parts evenly.
 
=== Thai clock ===
* A day is divided by 4 periods ‘...โมงเช้า’, ‘บ่าย...โมง’, ‘...ทุ่ม’, ‘ตี...’ evenly.
* Every such period is divided into 6 parts evenly.
 
=== Javanese clock ===
* A day is divided into 10 phrases with portions of length 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3.
 
{{Traditions}}


== Timekeeping ==
==Other Lessons==
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Good-Memories|Good Memories]]
! name
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Philosophical-and-Religious-Texts|Philosophical and Religious Texts]]
! description
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Most-Famous-Folk-Songs|Most Famous Folk Songs]]
|-
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Similar-Sayings|Similar Sayings]]
| common timekeeping
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/FLOSS-Fonts|FLOSS Fonts]]
|
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Cities-with-the-best-quality-of-life|Cities with the best quality of life]]
* 1 day is divided by 12 units ‘hour’ evenly.
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/The-Polyglot-Club-Team|The Polyglot Club Team]]
* 1 hour is divided by 60 units ‘minute’ evenly.
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/How-to-Study-with-a-Markup-Language|How to Study with a Markup Language]]
* 1 minute is divided by 60 units ‘second’ evenly.
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Find-the-Ideal-Penpal|Find the Ideal Penpal]]
* 1 leap second is added to the last minute of a day irregularly.
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/What-are-the-differences-between-Ukrainian-and-Russian|What are the differences between Ukrainian and Russian]]
|-
<span links></span>
| Chinese timekeeping
|
* 1 day is divided by 12 units ‘時’ evenly.
* 1 時 is divided into 2 parts: ‘初’, ‘正’ evenly.
* Every 初 and 正 is divided by 4 units ‘刻’ evenly.
|}

Latest revision as of 01:15, 9 May 2026

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* contains entries that can also belong to other articles

960px-United_Nations_geographical_subregions.png

This is a list of calendar and clock around the world.

This page has a sibling: Astrologies.

Further reading: Is There a Perfect Calendar?

Calendar[edit | edit source]

Akan calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 7 days in a week.
  • There are 6 weeks in a 42-day cycle.
  • There are 9 42-day cycles in a year.

Arakanese Kawza calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
  • The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
  • The start of a day is at sunrise.
  • There is 1 leap month added after spring equinox (the 1st month) in a small or big leap year, for year 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 in a 19-year cycle.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the 1st month in a big leap year.
  • (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week associated with animals, celestial bodies, cardinal directions.

Armenian calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year when date tables compiled by Andreas of Byzantium exhausted.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the day when date tables compiled by Andreas of Byzantium exhausted.
  • There are 12 months and 5 days in a year.
  • There are 30 days for every month.

Assamese calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Bhaskaravarman.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30.
  • The start of a day is at sunrise.
  • There is 1 leap day added to any month.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.

Assyrian calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the year of presumed year of the calming of the great flood.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of a year is the day with new moon.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 5 months, 29 days in the last month without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the last month.

Aztec calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year.
  • There are 20 days in a week.

In addition:

  • There is a 260-day cycle consisting of 13 signs and 20 names.
  • The signs are associated with cardinal directions.

Baháʼí calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year when Báb began teaching.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of a year is the day with spring equinox.
  • There are 19 weeks and 4 days in a year without leap.
  • There are 19 days in a week.
  • The start of a day is at sunset.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 4 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
  • (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Balinese saka calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of enthronement of Chashtana.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number.
  • There is 1 leap month added to the end of the year.
  • The first day of a month is the day after new moon.

Bengali calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the year before King Shashanka unified Bengal.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The start of a day is at sunrise.
  • There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 4 months and the last month, 29 days in the second last month without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the 11th month.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.

Borana calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
  • The start of a year is when Triangulum is in conjunction with the new moon.
  • The start of a month is when the new moon is in conjunction with a star or star system Triangulum, Pleiades, Aldebaran, Bellatrix, Central Orion-Saiph, Sirius for the first 6 months, full moon, gibbous moon, quarter moon, large crescent, medium crescent, small crescent in conjunction with Beta Triangulum in the last 6 months.

Burmese Kawza calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
  • The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
  • The start of a day is at sunrise.
  • There is 1 leap month added after summer solstice (the 4th month) in a small or big leap year, for year 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 in a 19-year cycle.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the 3rd month in a big leap year.
  • (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week associated with animals, celestial bodies, cardinal directions.

Chinese agricultural calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of presumed enthronement of Yellow Thearch.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is possibly the presumed day of enthronement of Thearch Shun.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • The first month is the month with winter solstice.
  • The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
  • (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
  • The start of a day is the midnight.
  • There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
  • (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches.
  • There are 24 solar terms in a year.
  • Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.
  • A month is divided by 3 parts ‘上旬’, ‘中旬’, ‘下旬’.

Coptic calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the day of the Feast of Neyrouz.
  • There are 13 months in a year.
  • There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month.

Dai calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the year of the usurpation by King Popa Sawrahan.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • The start of a year is the 6th month.
  • There are 29 days in a month of an odd number, 30 days in a month of an even number.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the 8th month.
  • There is 1 leap month added after the 9th month.
  • (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years, 1 leap days in 4 years.)

Dangun calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Dangun.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is possibly the presumed day of enthronement of Thearch Shun in Chinese agricultural calendar.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • The first month is the month with winter solstice.
  • The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
  • (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
  • The start of a day is the midnight.
  • The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
  • (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 60-year cycle consisting of Celestial Stems and Terrestrial Branches.
  • Theae are 24 solar terms in a year.
  • Every month is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.

Ethiopian calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Diocletian.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
  • There are 13 months in a year.
  • There are 30 days for the first 12 months, 5 days for the last month without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the last month.

Gregorian calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
  • The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
  • (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.

Hebrew calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the creation of the world in Genesis.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the presumed day of creation of the world in Genesis.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • The start of a day is at sunset.
  • There are 13 months for year 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19 in a 19-year cycle.
  • The leap month is placed at the end of the year.
  • (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Igbo calendars[edit | edit source]

  • There are 13 months and 1 day in a year.
  • There are 7 weeks in a month.
  • There are 4 days in a week.

Indian Bengali calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the year before King Shashanka unified Bengal.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The start of a day is at sunrise.
  • There are 31 days in the first 5 months, 30 days in the other 7 months without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the 11th month.

Indian national calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
  • (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Javanese lunar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The 14th day of a month is the day with full moon.
  • There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
  • The start of a day is at sunset.

In addition:

  • There is a 120-year cycle.
  • There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups.
  • There is a 5-day week.
  • There is a 7-day week.
  • There is a 35-day cycle consisting of the 5-day week and the 7-day week.
  • There is a 210-day cycle.

Javanese mangsa calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Chashtana.
  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • There are 12 periods in a year.
  • The 14th day of a month is the day with full moon.
  • Days for periods without leap are 41, 23, 24, 25, 27, 43, 43, 27, 25, 24, 23, 41.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the 8th period.
  • The start of a day is at sunset.

In addition: There is an 8-year cycle grouped into 4 groups.

  • There is a 5-day week.
  • There is a 7-day week.
  • There is a 35-day cycle consisting of the 5-day week and the 7-day week.
  • There is a 210-day cycle.

Juche calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the birth of Kim Il-Sung.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the birth of Kim Il-Sung in Gregorian calendar.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
  • The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 9 hours.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
  • (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)

Khmer calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • The year starts from the 5th month.

Kurdish calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is when Battle of Nineveh took place.
  • There are 31 days for the first 6 months, 30 days for the last 6 months without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the last month.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

lunar Hijri calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
  • (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
  • The start of a day is at sunset.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Malayalam calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the year of foundation of Kollam.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The first day of a year is when the Sun enters Aries.
  • The first day of a month is when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
  • (There are 28 to 32 days in a month.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Mandaean calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the presumed year of birth of Adam.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • There are 30 days in a month.
  • There are 5 days at the end of the 8thmonth.
  • The start of a day is dawn.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Maya calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 18 weeks and 5 days in a year.
  • There are 20 days in a week.

In addition:

  • There is a 260-day cycle, consisting of 13 signs and 20 names.

Meitei calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • There are 30 days in a month.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Melanau calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • There are 30 days in a month.

Mongolian calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • The start of a month is the day of new moon.
  • The start of a year is the second day of new moon after winter solstice.
  • There is 1 leap month added.

In addition:

  • There is a 60-year cycle associated with animals, colors.
  • Every month is associated with an animal.

Nanakshahi calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year when Guru Nanak is born.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 31 days in the first 5 months, 30 days in the last 7 months without leap.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the last month.
  • (There are about 1 leap in 4 years.)

Nepali Vikram calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year when King Vikramaditya of Ujjain defeated the Śaka people.
  • The year starts with the 2nd month.
  • The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 29 to 32 days in a month.
  • A leap month is sometimes added or subtracted in a year.

Odia calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly the presumed date of birth of Indradyumna.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • Days for months are 31, 31, 32, 31, 31, 31, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

revised Julian calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of presumed birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the presumed day of circumcision of Jesus of Nazareth.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
  • The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added or subtracted by multiples of 1 hour, and in some cases further adding or subtracting 1/2 or 1/4 hours.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
  • (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week associated with deities, celestial bodies.

scheduled lunar Hijri calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • There are 30 days in months of an odd number, 29 days in months of an even number without leap.
  • There are 30 days in the last month, if the number of the year in a 30-year cycle multiplied by 11/30 minus the number of past leaps in the 30-year cycle is higher than 1/2. (Years with a leap in the 30-year cycle are 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26, 29.)
  • The start of a day is at sunset.
  • (There are 11 leaps in 30 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

solar Hijri calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of Hijrah.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of a year is the spring equinox.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • There are 31 days in the first 6 months, 30 days in the next 5 months, 29 days in the last month without leap.
  • The start of a day is at sunset.
  • (There are about 8 leaps in 33 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Sui calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months without leap.
  • There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
  • There is 1 leap month added after the 9th month.

Tamil lunar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The first day of a year is the day when the Moon enters Aries.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
  • (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Tamil solar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The first day of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • The start of a month is the day when the Sun enters an astrological sign.
  • (There are 29 to 32 days in a month.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Thai lunar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The start of the epoch is the year zero.
  • The start of a year is the day when the Sun enters Aries.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 29 days in months of an odd number, 30 days in months of an even number without leap.
  • The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
  • The start of a day is midnight.
  • There is 1 leap month added after the 8th month in a big leap year.
  • There is 1 leap day added to the 7th month in a small leap year.
  • (There are about 7 leap months in 19 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 12-year cycle associated with animals.
  • There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies.

Thai solar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Rama I.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • The first day of the year one is the first day of the year of the death of Siddhārtha Gautama in Gregorian calendar.
  • There are 12 months in a year.
  • Days for months without leap are 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31.
  • The start of a day is the midnight in Greenwich added by 7 hours.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 2nd month, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
  • (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week associated with colours, celestial bodies.

Tibetan Nyatri Tsenpo lunar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Nyatri Tsenpo.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
  • The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
  • The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
  • There are 25 leaps in 65 years.

In addition:

  • There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.

Tibetan rabjung lunar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the first introduction of the rabjung-cycle.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
  • The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
  • The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
  • There are 25 leaps in 65 years.

In addition:

  • There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.

Tibetan Thothori Nyantsen lunar calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of the enthronement of Thothori Nyantsen.
  • The start of the epoch is the year one.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 29 or 30 days in a month.
  • The 15th day in a month is the day of full moon.
  • The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
  • There are 25 leaps in 65 years.

In addition:

  • There is a 60-year cycle consisting of animals and elements.

Tirhula calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year.

In addition:

  • There is a 7-day week.

Tripuri calendar[edit | edit source]

Tulu calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year.

Unix time[edit | edit source]

  • The start is the first day of the first month in 1970 in Gregorian calendar.
  • The number of the time is the number of seconds since its start.

Vietnamese agricultural calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • The first month is the month with winter solstice.
  • The first day of a month is the day with new moon.
  • (There are 29 or 30 days in a month.)
  • The start of a day is the midnight.
  • The leap month is placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.
  • (There are about 7 leaps in 19 years.)

Vira Nirvana calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is the year of death of Mahavira.
  • The start of the epoch is year zero.
  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.

Yele calendar[edit | edit source]

  • The epoch is possibly when Yalambar defeated the Gopal dynasty in the Kathmandu Valley.

Yi 10-month calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 10 months and 5 days in a year without leap.
  • There are 36 days in a month.
  • There is 1 leap day every 4 years added to the 5 days, except when the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400.
  • (There are about 1 leaps in 4 years.)

Yi 12-month calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 12 months in a year without leap.
  • There are 30 days in a month.
  • There is 1 leap month placed after the first month without a solar term of an even number.

Yoruba calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 4 days in a week.
  • There are 91 weeks in a year.

Zulu calendar[edit | edit source]

  • There are 13 months in a year.
  • There are about 29 days in the first 12 months, 4 to 5 days in the last month.

Clock[edit | edit source]

Burmese clock[edit | edit source]

  • A day ရက် is divided into 8 units ‘ဗဟို’ evenly.
  • Every ဗဟို is divided into 7.5 units ‘နာရီ’ evenly.
  • Every နာရီ is divided into 4 units ‘ပါဒ်’ evenly.
  • Every ပါဒ် is divided into 15 units ‘ဗီဇနာ’ evenly.
  • Every ဗီဇနာ is divided into 6 units ‘ပြန်’ evenly.
  • Every ပြန် is divided into 10 units ‘ခရာ’ evenly.
  • Every ခရာ is divided into 12 units ‘ခဏ’ evenly.
  • Every ခဏ is divided into 4 units ‘လယ’ evenly.
  • Every လယ is divided into 1.25 units ‘အနုခရာ’ evenly.

Chinese clock[edit | edit source]

  • A day is divided by 12 units ‘時’ evenly.
  • A 時 is divided into 2 parts ‘初’, ‘正’ evenly.
  • Each of those two parts is divided by 4 units ‘刻’ evenly.

In addition:

  • Every 時 is associated with a Terrestrial Branch.

European clock[edit | edit source]

  • A day is divided by 12 units ‘hour’ (in English) evenly.
  • An hour is divided by 60 units ‘minute’ (in English) evenly.
  • A minute is divided by 60 units ‘second’ (in English) evenly.
  • A second is divided by 1000 units ‘millisecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • A millisecond is divided by 1000 units ‘microsecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • A microsecond is divided by 1000 units ‘nanosecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • A nanosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘picosecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • A picosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘femtosecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • A femtosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘attosecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • An attosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘zeptosecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • A zeptosecond is divided by 1000 units ‘yoctosecond’ (in English) evenly.
  • There is 1 leap second added to the last minute of a day.

Indian clock[edit | edit source]

common method[edit | edit source]

  • A day is divided by 30 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly.
  • A मुहूर्त is divided by 2 units ‘घड़ियां’ evenly.
  • A घड़ियां is divided by 60 units ‘विघटि’ evenly.
  • A विघटि is divided by 6 units ‘परमाणु’ evenly.

Vishnu Purana method[edit | edit source]

  • A day is divided by 10 units ‘मुहूर्त’ evenly.
  • A मुहूर्त is divided by 20 units ‘कला’ evenly.
  • A कला is divided by 35 units ‘काष्ठा’ evenly.
  • A काष्ठा is divided by 10 units ‘पलक झपकने का समय’ evenly.
small Vedic time[edit | edit source]
  • A day is divided by 30 units ‘दण्ड’ evenly.
  • A दण्ड is divided by 2 units ‘नाड़ी’ evenly.
  • A नाड़ी is divided by 15 units ‘लघु’ evenly.
  • A लघु is divided by 15 units ‘काष्ठा’ evenly.
  • A काष्ठा is divided by 5 units ‘क्षण’ evenly.
  • A क्षण is divided by 3 units ‘निमेष’ evenly.
  • A निमेष is divided by 3 units ‘लावा’ evenly.
  • A लावा is divided by 3 units ‘वेध’ evenly.
  • A वेध is divided by 100 units ‘त्रुटि’ evenly.
  • A त्रुटि is divided by 3 units ‘तॄसरेणु’ evenly.
  • A तॄसरेणु is divided by 6 units ‘ब्रह्माण्डीय’ evenly.

Mongolian clock[edit | edit source]

  • A day is divided by 12 parts evenly.

Thai clock[edit | edit source]

  • A day is divided by 4 periods ‘...โมงเช้า’, ‘บ่าย...โมง’, ‘...ทุ่ม’, ‘ตี...’ evenly.
  • Every such period is divided into 6 parts evenly.

Javanese clock[edit | edit source]

  • A day is divided into 10 phrases with portions of length 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3.
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Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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