Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Nouns-Endings

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Greek Nouns Endings[edit | edit source]

The greek nouns are distinguished in relation to the number of syllables into isosyllabic and anisosyllabic. Isosyllabic are those that have the same number of syllables in all cases of the singular and plural, while anisosyllabic are those that do not have the same number of syllables in all cases.

Greek nouns are inflected by case and number. In addition  noun belongs to one of three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter.

Within each of the three genders, there are several sub-groups (declension classes) with different sets of inflectional endings.

Endings of Masculine Nouns (This nouns accept the article "ο ")[edit | edit source]

Masculine Nouns in  –ας  form the nominative plural to –ες. Eg : ο πίνακας – οι πίνακες (panel, painting)

Masculine Nouns in  –ης form the nominative plural to –ες. Eg : ο εργάτης – οι εργάτες (worker)

Masculine Nouns in  –ος form the nominative plural to –οι. Eg :  ο πελαργός – οι πελαργοί (stork )

Masculine Nouns in  –ές and –ού  form the nominative plural to –έδες και –ούδες. e.g :

                                       ο καναπές – οι καναπέδες (couch, sofa) , ο παππούς – οι παππούδες (grandpa)

Endings of Feminine Nouns (This nouns accept the article "n ")[edit | edit source]

Feminine Nouns in –α form the nominative plural to –ες. Eg : η γλώσσα – οι γλώσσες (tongue)

Feminine Nouns in –η– form the nominative plural to ες. Eg :  η γραµµή – οι γραµµές (line )

Feminine Nouns in  –ού form the nominative plural to –ούδες. Eg :  η αλεπού – οι αλεπούδες (fox)

Feminine Nouns in  –ος  form the nominative plural to –οι. Eg :  η είσοδος – οι είσοδοι (entrance)

Feminine Nouns in  -η   form the nominative plural to – εις. Eg : η πόλη -  οι πόλεις

Endings Neuter Nouns (This nouns accept the article "το ")[edit | edit source]

The neuter nouns in –ο form the nominative plural to –α. Eg : το βιβλίο – τα βιβλία (book )

The neuter nouns in –ι form the nominative plural to –ια. Eg : το παιχνίδι – τα παιχνίδια (toy, game )

The neuter nouns in –α form the nominative plural to –τα Eg :το πρόβλημα – τα προβλήματα

Excluded[edit | edit source]

το βράδυ – τα βράδια (night )

το δάκρυ – τα δάκρυα (tear)

το δόρυ – τα δόρατα (spear )

το δίχτυ – τα δίχτυα (net, fishnet )

το οξύ – τα οξέα  (acid )

το στάχυ – τα στάχυα (ear, cob )

Except[edit | edit source]

The nouns in  –ος  form the nominative plural to –η. Eg :  το άνθος – τα άνθη (flower) , το έδαφος – τα εδάφη (soil )

The nouns in  –µα  form the nominative plural to  –µατα. Eg :  το βήµα – τα βήµατα (  the step )

The nouns in  –σιµο form the nominative plural to  –σιµατα. Eg :  το δέσιµο – τα δεσίµατα (attachment)

The nouns in  –ας, -ος and –ως form the nominative plural to  –τα. Eg :  το κρέας – τα κρέατα (meat ), το γεγονός – τα γεγονότα (fact ), το φως – τα φώτα (light )

The nouns in  –ον, -αν and –εν form the nominative plural to - αντα, -εντα, –οντα : Eg :  το προϊόν – τα προϊόντα (product ) , το σύµπαν – τα σύµπαντα (cosmos, universe),  το φωνήεν – τα φωνήεντα (vowel )

Loan Words Entering the Language[edit | edit source]

In addition to nouns following the above patterns, there are nouns borrowed from foreign languages. Such nouns, as a rule, are indeclinable (remain unchanged in all cases, in both numbers). A few common examples are:

  • αλκοόλ (alcohol; from French “alcool”)
  • ασανσέρ (elevator [Brit.: lift]; from French “ascenseur”)
  • βίντεο (video, any home movie-playing device; from English, from Latin “videre”, which is akin to ancient Greek ’ιδεîν, “to see”)
  • κομπιούτερ (computer; but note that the word υπολογιστής is used instead of κομπιούτερ much more often now)
  • μετρό (subway, metro; from French “métro”)
  • μπιτ, μπάιτ, κιλομπάιτ, μεγαμπάιτ, etc. (bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, etc.)
  • σινεμά (movie theater; from French “cinéma”, which derives from Greek κίνημα: movement; κίνησις: motion)
  • σπορ (sports, athletics; sport, from French)
  • στυλ (style; from French)
  • στυλό (pen, stylus; from French stylo, perh. akin to Greek στύλος, “pillar, column”)
  • τανξ (tanks, the plural form of an armored combat vehicle, used also in the singular)
  • ταξί (taxi; from French)
  • τζιπ (jeep, or any 4WD vehicle)
  • τσιπ (computer chip, but sometimes ψηφιακό κύκλωμα — lit.: “digital circuit” — is used instead)
  • names of several animals, made known to Greeks in recent centuries: καγκουρώ (kangaroo), κοάλα (koala), πάντα (panda), τζάγκουαρ (jaguar), etc.

- Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Modern-Greek-Nouns[edit | edit source]

Author[edit source]

Marianthi

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  • Contribution bénévole visant à aider les personnes, partout dans le monde, qui sont engagées dans l'apprentissage de la langue grecque !
  • Voluntary contribution aimed at helping people, all over the world, who are committed to learning the Greek language! 

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