Language/Marathi/Grammar/Participles

Marathi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Participles

Welcome to the "Marathi Grammar → Participles" lesson! In this lesson, we will embark on an exciting journey into the world of participles in the Marathi language. Participles are crucial in Marathi as they help convey actions and states in various tenses, enhancing the richness of your expressions. Understanding participles will enable you to construct sentences more fluidly and effectively, making your communication more vibrant and nuanced.

In this lesson, we will cover:

1. What are Participles?

2. Present Participles

3. Past Participles

4. Examples of Participles

5. Practice Exercises

6. Conclusion

So, let's dive in!

What are Participles?

Participles are verbal adjectives that describe actions related to nouns. In Marathi, participles can be divided into two main categories: present participles and past participles. They are essential for forming compound tenses, providing a seamless way to express ongoing actions or completed actions.

Present Participles

Present participles in Marathi typically indicate an action that is currently happening. They are formed by adding specific suffixes to the base form of the verb.

Formation of Present Participles

• The general rule for forming present participles is to add the suffix -त (ta) to the root of the verb.

• For example, the verb खाणे (khāṇe - to eat) becomes खाणारे (khāṇāre - eating).

Examples of Present Participles

Here’s a table showcasing some examples of present participles:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
चालत आहे	chālat āhe	is walking
वाचत आहे	vāchat āhe	is reading
खेळत आहे	kheḷat āhe	is playing
लिहित आहे	lihit āhe	is writing
गात आहे	gāt āhe	is singing
काम करत आहे	kām karat āhe	is working
विचारत आहे	vichārat āhe	is asking
पाहत आहे	pāhat āhe	is seeing
खरेदी करत आहे	kharedī karat āhe	is shopping
शिकत आहे	shikat āhe	is learning

Past Participles

Past participles denote actions that have been completed in the past. They are essential for creating perfect tenses in Marathi.

Formation of Past Participles

• Past participles are generally formed by adding the suffix -ला (lā) for masculine singular, -ली (lī) for feminine singular, and -ले (le) for neuter singular to the verb root.

• For example, the verb खाणे (khāṇe - to eat) becomes खाल्ले (khālle - eaten).

Examples of Past Participles

Here’s a table showcasing some examples of past participles:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English
चालला	chālalā	walked
वाचली	vāchalī	read (feminine)
खेळले	kheḷale	played (neuter)
लिहिले	lihile	written
गाणं गातलं	gāṇaṁ gātala	sung (masculine)
काम केलं	kām keḷa	worked
विचारलं	vichāraḷa	asked
पाहिलं	pāhila	seen
खरेदी केली	kharedī kelī	shopped (feminine)
शिकले	shikale	learned (neuter)

Practice Exercises

Now that we have explored participles in detail, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises that will help you solidify your understanding.

Exercise 1: Identify Present Participles

Read the following sentences and identify the present participles.

1. तो खेळत आहे. (To kheḷat āhe - He is playing.)

2. ती गाणी गात आहे. (Tī gāṇī gāt āhe - She is singing.)

3. मी वाचन करत आहे. (Mī vāchan karat āhe - I am reading.)

Solutions:

1. खेळत (kheḷat)

2. गात (gāt)

3. वाचन (vāchan)

Exercise 2: Form Past Participles

Convert the following verbs into their past participle forms.

1. चालणे (chāḷaṇe - to walk)

2. वाचन (vāchan - to read)

3. खेळणे (kheḷaṇe - to play)

Solutions:

1. चालला (chālalā - walked)

2. वाचली (vāchalī - read - feminine)

3. खेळले (kheḷale - played - neuter)

Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct present participles.

1. ती ______ आहे. (She is writing.)

2. तो ______ आहे. (He is eating.)

3. आम्ही ______ आहे. (We are watching.)

Solutions:

1. लिहित (lihita)

2. खात (khāta)

3. पाहात (pāhāt)

Exercise 4: Translate to Marathi

Translate the following sentences into Marathi using the correct participles.

1. They are singing.

2. She has read the book.

3. He is playing football.

Solutions:

1. ते गात आहेत. (Te gāt āhet.)

2. तिने पुस्तक वाचलं आहे. (Tinē pustak vāchla āhe.)

3. तो फुटबॉल खेळत आहे. (To phuṭbāl kheḷat āhe.)

Exercise 5: Match the Participles

Match the verbs on the left with their correct participles on the right.

1. चालणे (a) चालला

2. खेळणे (b) खेळले

3. वाचणे (c) वाचली

Solutions:

1 - a (चालला)

2 - b (खेळले)

3 - c (वाचली)

Exercise 6: Create Sentences

Create sentences using the following verbs in the participle form.

1. गाणे (to sing)

2. काम (to work)

3. विचार (to think)

Sample Solutions:

1. ती गाणं गात आहे. (Tī gāṇaṁ gāt āhe - She is singing.)

2. तो काम करत आहे. (To kām karat āhe - He is working.)

3. मी विचार करत आहे. (Mī vichār karat āhe - I am thinking.)

Exercise 7: Identify the Form

Identify whether the following participles are present or past.

1. वाचले (vāchale)

2. चालत (chālat)

3. खेळली (kheḷalī)

Solutions:

1. Past

2. Present

3. Past

Exercise 8: Rewrite the Sentences

Rewrite the following sentences by changing the verbs to participles.

1. तो वाचन करतो. (He reads.)

2. ती गाणं गाते. (She sings.)

Sample Solutions:

1. तो वाचन करत आहे. (To vāchan karat āhe - He is reading.)

2. ती गाणं गात आहे. (Tī gāṇaṁ gāt āhe - She is singing.)

Exercise 9: Choose the Correct Option

Choose the correct participle for the sentence.

1. मी ______ आहे. (I am eating.)

• a) खाणे

• b) खाणारे

Solution:

b) खाणारे (Khāṇāre)

Exercise 10: Create a Dialogue

Write a short dialogue using both present and past participles.

Sample Dialogue:

• A: तू का गात नाहीस? (Why are you not singing?)

• B: मी गात होतो, पण आता मी वाचन करत आहे. (I was singing, but now I am reading.)

Conclusion

Participles are an essential part of the Marathi language, adding depth and meaning to your sentences. By mastering present and past participles, you will enhance your ability to communicate effectively and express your thoughts clearly. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be using participles effortlessly in your conversations!

Remember, language is a journey, and every step you take brings you closer to fluency. Keep up the fantastic work, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher!

Table of Contents - Marathi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Basic Greetings and Introductions

• Greetings
• Introductions

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb
• Negation

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Nouns
• Pronouns

  ---

Common Verbs and Adjectives

• Common Verbs
• Common Adjectives

  ---

Questions and Answers

• Question Words
• Answering Questions

  ---

Food and Dining

• Food Vocabulary
• Dining Phrases

  ---

Marathi Festivals and Traditions

• Festivals
• Traditions

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Transportation Vocabulary
• Accommodation Vocabulary

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Prepositions
• Conjunctions

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationship Phrases

  ---

Marathi Literature and Cinema

• Literature
• Cinema

Sources

• Processing of Kridanta (Participle) in Marathi

Other Lessons

• Causative verbs
• How to Use Have
• Nouns namo नामो
• Spelling and grammar check
• How to Use Be
• 0 to A1 Course
• Adverbs
• Compound words
• Give your Opinion
• Negation nakaar नकार