Language/Dogri-individual-language/Pronunciation/Alphabet

Currently, Devanagari is the officially recognised script for Dogri in India (see keyboard below).

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	iː		uː
Near-close	ɪ		ʊ
Close-mid	eː	ə	oː
Open-mid	ɛː		ɔː
Open		aː

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/ Alveolar	Retroflex	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɳ	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t̪	ʈ	tʃ	k
	aspirated	pʰ	t̪ʰ	ʈʰ	tʃʰ	kʰ
	voiced	b	d̪	ɖ	dʒ	ɡ
Fricative	voiceless	(f)	s		ʃ	(x)
	voiced		(z)			(ɣ)	ɦ
Tap			ɾ	ɽ
Approximant		ʋ	l		j

Equivalent in English

Vowels

Devanagari	Transliteration	Equivalent
अ	a	as in about
आ	ā	as in father
इ	i	as in sit
ई	ī	as in elite
उ	u	as in put
ऊ	ū	as in flute
ए	e	long e as in German "zehn". It is not a diphthong; the tone does not fall.
ऐ	ai	as in Mail, sometimes a longer ए. In Eastern dialects as in bright (IPA ıj).
ओ	o	as in German Kohle, not a diphthong; tone does not fall.
औ	au	as in oxford. In Eastern dialects as in German lauft, or English town.

Consonants

Devanagari	Transliteration	Equivalent/Comments
क	k	as in skip.
ख	kh	as in sinkhole.
ग	g	as in go.
घ	gh	represents the 'k' or 'g'.
ङ	ṅ	as in sing. Used only in Sanskrit loan words, does not occur independently.
च	c	as in church.
छ	ch	as in pinchhit.
ज	j	as in jump.
झ	jh	represents the 'c' or 'j'.
ञ	ñ or y	It is pronounced similar to the Spanish 'ñ'in case of words of Sanskrit origin; also used to represent 'y' sound.
ट	ṭ	as in tick. Retroflex, but still a "hard" t sound similar to English.
ठ	ṭh	as in lighthouse. Retroflex
ड	ḍ	as in doom. Retroflex
ढ	ḍh	represents the 'ṭ' or 'ḍ'.
ण	ṇ	retroflex n. Used only in Sanskrit loan words.
ड़	ṛ
ढ़	ṛh
त	t	does not exist in English. more dental t, with a bit of a th sound. Softer than an English t.
थ	th	aspirated version of the previous letter, not as in thanks or the, but like pathetic
द	d	dental d.
ध	dh	represents the 't' or 'd'.
न	n	as in none.
प	p	as in spin.
फ	ph	as in uphill.
ब	b	as in be.
भ	bh	represents the 'p' or 'b'.
म	m	as in mere.
य	y	as in yet.
र	r	as in Spanish pero, a tongue trip. Don't roll as in Spanish rr, German or Scottish English.
ल	l	as in lean.
व	v	as in Spanish vaca, between English v and w, but without the lip rounding of an English w. (IPA: ʋ).
श	ś	as in shoot.
स	s	as in see.
ह	h	mostly silent.

Devanāgarī Online Virtual Keyboard