Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Pronouns
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Revision as of 14:04, 26 October 2018 by GrimPixel (talk | contribs) (→Are there different third-person singular pronouns for different use?)
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If you have learned some languages, you will want to ask a question like this: what can I do to express something in this language.
Different languages have different answers.
Far from being completed.
pronoun
How to indicate the speaker?
By the first-person singular pronoun.
Are there different first-person singular pronouns for different use?
No.
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Amharic | እኔ | |
| Arabic | أَنَا | |
| Basque | ni | |
| Bengali | আমি | |
| Chinese | 我 | |
| English | I | |
| French | je | |
| German | ich | |
| Hausa | ni | |
| Hebrew | אֲנִי | |
| Hindi | मैं; हम | the latter can also mean plural |
| Italian | io | |
| Javanese | aku | |
| Kabyle | nekk | |
| Kannada | ನಾನು | |
| Malayalam | ഞാന് | |
| Marathi | मी | |
| Mon | အဲ | |
| Portuguese | eu | |
| Punjabi | ਮੈਂ | |
| Russian | я | |
| Spanish | yo | |
| Swahili | mimi | |
| Tamil | நான் | |
| Telugu | నేను | |
| Tigrinya | ኣነ | |
| Turkish | ben | |
| Urdu | ہم; میں | The latter can also mean plural |
Yes.
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Burmese | ကျွန်တော်; ကျွန်မ; ငါ; ကျုပ် | formal, male; formal, female; informal; more polite |
| Indonesian | saya; aku | formal; informal |
| Japanese | 私(わたし); 私(わたくし); 僕; あたし; 俺 | common; formal; informal; female; male |
| Khmer | ខ្ញុំ; ខ្ញុំបាទ; នាងខ្; ខ្ញុំព្រះករុណា; ខ្ញុំព្រះអង្គ; ខ្ញុំម្ចាស់ | common; formal, male; formal, female; royalty; royalty, male; royalty, female |
| Korean | 나; 저 | common; formal |
| Malay | saya; aku; daku; hamba; patik; beta | formal; informal; poetic; lowest social strata; facing royalties; royalties |
| Thai | ผม; ดิฉัน; ฉัน; กระหม่อม; ข้าพเจ้า; หนู; กู | male; female; informal; more formal; more formal; child to adult; crude |
| Tsafiki | la; čiʰké; če | adult male; adult female; immature |
| Vietnamese | tôi; tớ; ta; mình | common; informal; informal; intimate |
How to indicate the listener?
By the second-person singular pronoun.
Are there different second-person singular pronouns for different use?
No.
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| English | you | |
| Malayalam | നീ | |
| Mon | ဗှ်ေ | |
| Swahili | wewe | |
| Tibetan | ཁྱེད་རང | |
| Vietnamese | bạn |
Yes.
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Amharic | አንተ; አንቺ; እርስዎ | to male; to female; formal |
| Arabic | أَنْتَ ; أَنْتِ ; حَضْرَتَك ; حَضْرَتِك | to male; to female; to male, formal; to female, formal |
| Bengali | তুই; তুমি; আপনি | informal; intimate; formal |
| Burmese | နင်; မင်း; ခင်ဗျား; ရှင် | informal; informal; formal, by male; formal, by female |
| Chinese Mandarin | 你; 您 | informal; formal |
| French | tu; vous | informal; formal |
| German | du; Sie | informal; formal |
| Hebrew | אַתָּה; אַתְּ | to male; to female |
| Hindi | तू; तुम; आप | informal; polite; more polite |
| Italian | tu; lei | informal; formal |
| Japanese | 貴方; 君; お前; あんた; てまえ; 貴様 | polite; familiar; intimate or rude; by female or by older male; vulgar, by male; insulting |
| Khmer | លោក; លោកស្រី; នាងស្រី; អ្នក | to male or Buddhist monk; to older female; to younger female; common |
| Korean | 당신; 너; 네; 자네 | common; informal; informal; to low social strata |
| Malay | kamu; awak; anda; dikau; engkau | common; informal; formal; poetic; poetic, informal |
| Portuguese | tu; você | familiar in Portugal, rarely used in Brazil; polite in Portugal, general in Brazil |
| Russian | ты; Вы; вы | familiar; polite; polite |
| Spanish | tú; usted; vos | familiar; polite; familiar |
| Tamil | நீ; நீங்கள்; தாங்கள் | familiar; polite; more polite |
| Telugu | నీవు; మీరు | familiar; polite |
| Thai | คุณ; เธอ; มึง; เอ็ง; ท่าน; นาย; หล่อน; เรา; โยม; ประสก; สีกา | colloquial; polite; vulgar, familiar; less vulgar, familiar; colloquial; colloquial, to male; colloquial, to female; elder to younger; vulgar; priest to layperson; priest to layman; priest to laywoman |
| Tigrinya | ንስኻ; ንስኺ; ንስኹም; ንስኽን | informal, to male; informal, to female; formal, to male; formal, to female |
| Turkish | sen; siz | familiar; polite |
| Urdu | آپ; تم; تو | formal; less informal; informal |
| Yoruba | ìwọ; ệyin | informal; formal |
How to indicate a person being neither the speaker nor the listener?
By the third-person singular pronoun.
Are there different third-person singular pronouns for different use?
No.
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Hindi | वह | |
| Persian | او | |
| Turkish | o | |
| Urdu | وہ |
Yes.
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Amharic | እሱ; እሷ; እሳቸው | male or inanimate; female; polite |
| Arabic | هُوَ; هِيَ | male; female |
| Basque | bera; hura | male; female |
| Bengali | সে; আপনি | familiar; polite |
| Burmese | သူ; သူမ | male or colloquial female; formal female |
| Chinese Mandarin | 他; 她 | male; female |
| English | he; she | male; female |
| French | il; elle | male; female |
| German | er; sie | male; female |
| Hausa | shíi; ’ítá | male; female |
| Hebrew | הוא; היא | male; female |
| Italian | lui; lei; egli; ella | male; female; male, literary; female, literary |
| Japanese | 彼; 彼女 | male; female |
| Kannada | ಇವನು; ಇವ; ಅವನು; ಅವ; ಇವಳು; ಅವಳು | this male; this male; that male; that male; this female; that female |