Language/Esperanto/Grammar/SUFFIXES
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SUFFIXES in Esperanto
Letters between the root and the ending of the word:
Animate beings
| Esperanto Suffixe | Examples |
|---|---|
| +ul (individual) | juna = young, junulo = a youth |
| +an (member) | urbo = city, urbano = citizen |
| +ist (profession) | baki = to bake, bakisto = baker |
| +in (feminine) | patro = father, patrino = mother |
| +id (offspring) | koko = rooster, kokido = chicken |
| +estr (head) | urbo = city, urbestro = mayor |
Inanimate things
| Esperanto Suffixe | Examples |
|---|---|
| +aĵ (thing) | trinki = to drink, trinkaĵo = beverage |
| +il (tool) | tranĉi = cut, tranĉilo = knife |
| +ar (group) | arbo = tree, arbaro = wood |
| +er (particle) | neĝo = snow, neĝero = flake |
| +ej (place) | kafo = coffee, kafejo = café |
| +uj (receptacle) | supo = soup,supujo=souptureen |
| +ing ( holder) | kandelo = candle, kandelingo = candle holder |
Abstract nouns
+ec (quality) bela = beautiful, beleco = beauty +ism (system) nacio = nation, naciismo = nationalism
Qualitatives
+ebl (able) manĝi = to eat, manĝebla = edible +em (tendency) doni = to give, donema = generous +ind (worthy) ridi = to laugh, ridinda = laughable +end (necessity) pagi = to pay, pagenda = due Verbs +ig (cause) morti = to die, mortigi = to kill +iĝ (become) ruĝa = red, ruĝiĝi = to blush
Universal suffixes=
+et (small) domo = house, dometo =cottage +eg (big) domego = mansion +aĉ (pejorative) domaĉo = a hovel +ad (continuous) paroli = speak, parolado = a speech +um (general) akvo = water, akvumi = to water