Negations in the Arabic language:
1. غير :
A. Negation the adjectives:
غير صحيح = NOT true.
غير ممكن = NOT possible.
غير مسموح = NOT permitted.
غير موجود = NOT found.
B. Negation the pronoun:
غير ذلك = Other than that; something else.
غير هذا = but this.
PS: (غير) can be used to compound an adverbs:
غير أن = nevertheless; but; however.
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2. لا
A. Negation the verbs only in present tense:
لا أذهب = I do NOT go.
لا تذهب = Do NOT go (you).
لا يستطيع = He can NOT.
لا أملك وقت = I do NOT have time.
B. Negation the nominal sentences.
لا أحد هنا = NO one / Nobody here.
لا وجود = No existence.
لا شيئ = Nothing.
C. Negation the pronouns.
لا هذا ولا ذاك = NOT this, NOR that.
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3. لم
Negation only the verbs in past tense ( the verb after لم should be in present tense).
لم يذهب = He did NOT go.
لم أستطع = I could NOT.
لم يعملوا =They did NOT work.
لم نكن هناك = We have NOT been there.
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4. ما
A. Negation the verbs in past tense.(like لم, and the verb also in past tense)
ما ذهب = He did NOT go.
B. Negation the verbs in present tense.(like لا, and the verb also in present tense).
ما أثق إلا في شخص واحد = I do NOT trust only one person.
PS: (ما) can be used like WHAT :
ما هذا؟ = WHAT is this?.
ما رأيك؟ = WHAT's your opinion?.
كل ما تستطيع فعله = All WHAT you can do.
هذا ما أملك = This is WHAT I have.
I will add another necessary negation tools that is لن :
5. لن
Negation only the verbs in future tense.(the verb after لن should be in present tense).
لن يأت = He WILL NOT come
لن أفشل هذه المرة = I WILL NOT fail this
time.
REMEMBER: that was just the famous negation tools in arabic, and the common usage of it, beside there are other tools. You can take this as a start point.
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