Difference between revisions of "Language/German/Grammar/Declension"

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It is recommended to use a color temperature adjuster such as [http://jonls.dk/redshift/ Redshift] when viewing, because I choose the colors with it on.
The function of declension is to indicate the case, the number (grammatical) and the gender of the noun.
There should always be one or two words in the sentence showing the case, number and gender clearly. Not distinctively clear, but clear enough.
== Adjective (with determiner) ==
Declensions happen to attributive adjectives.
It is more effective to memorise adjective declensions with determiners.
Determiners include articles, pronouns.
=== Weak declension ===
Weak declension is used when the preceding determiner indicates the case, gender and number of the noun.
For the determiner, it is a strong declension.
==== der (definite article) neue ====
the new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|}
[[#Article|go to “article”]]
==== derselbe neue ====
the same new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">dieselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">dieselben neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">dieselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">dieselben neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denselben neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben neuen</span>
|}
==== derjenige neue ====
the new one
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derjenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasjenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diejenige neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasjenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diejenige neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denjenige neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derjenige neuen</span>
|}
==== dieser neue ====
this new one; that new one
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">dieser neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diese neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">diesen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diese neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">diesem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">diesem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">dieser neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">diesen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dieses neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dieses neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">dieser neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">dieser neuen</span>
|}
==== jener neue ====
that new one (formal)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jener neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">jene neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jenen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">jene neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jenem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jenem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jener neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jenen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jenes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jenes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jener neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jener neuen</span>
|}
==== jeglicher neue ====
any new; each new, every new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeglicher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jegliche neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jeglichen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jegliche neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jeglichem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jeglichem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeglicher neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jegliches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jegliches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeglicher neuen</span>
|}
==== jeder neue ====
each new, every new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeder neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jede neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jeden neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jede neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jedem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jedem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeder neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jedes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jedes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeder neuen</span>
|}
==== aller neue ====
all new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">aller neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">alles neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">alle neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">alle neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">alles neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">alle neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">alle neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">allem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">allem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">aller neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">alles neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">alles neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">aller neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">aller neuen</span>
|}
It is usually plural.
If you have the following questions, you are carefully thinking about the declension:
Why is “-en -en” accepted for masculine singular genitive and neuter singular genitive? There are already masculine singular accusative and plural dative being “-en -en”. Won't it lead to confusion?
The clue is somewhere in this page. I don't tell you the answer. You should and you can find it on your own.
But for why they are the same, it's not described in this page.
==== beide neuen ====
both new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#FF8080">beide neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#FF8080">beide neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">beiden neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#8080FF">beider neuen</span>
|}
==== einige neue ====
some new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einiger neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">einiges neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">einige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">einige neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">einiges neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">einige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">einige neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">allem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">allem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einiger neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">einiges neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">einiges neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einiger neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einiger neuen</span>
|}
==== mancher neue ====
many a new, many new, some new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mancher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">manches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">manche neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">manches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">manche neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">manchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">manchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">mancher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">manches neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">manches neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">mancher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">mancher neuen</span>
|}
==== solcher neue ====
such a new, such new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">solcher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">solches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">solche neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">solches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">solche neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">solchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">solchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">solcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">solcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">solcher neuen</span>
|}
==== welcher neue ====
which new, what new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">welcher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">welches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">welche neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">welches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">welche neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">welchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">welchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">welcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">welches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">welches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">welcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">welcher neuen</span>
|}
=== Mixed declension ===
Mixed declension is used when the preceding determiner is an indefinite article or a possessive pronoun.
For the determiner, it is a strong declension.
==== ein neuer (indefinite article) ====
a new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einer neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einer neuen</span>
|}
[[#Article|go to “article”]]
==== kein neuer ====
no new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">kein neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">kein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">keine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">keine neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">keinen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">kein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">keine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">keine neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">keinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">keinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">keiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">keinen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">keines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">keines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">keiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">keiner neuen</span>
|}
==== mein neuer ====
my new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mein neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">mein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">meine neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">meinen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">mein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">meine neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">meinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">meinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">meiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">meinen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">meines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">meines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">meiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">meiner neuen</span>
|}
==== dein neuer ====
your new (singular informal)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">dein neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">deine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">deine neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">dein neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">deine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">deine neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">deinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">deinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">deinen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">deines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">deines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deiner neuen</span>
|}
==== sein neuer ====
his new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">sein neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">sein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">seine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">seine neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">seinen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">sein neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">seine neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">seine neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">seinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">seinem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">seiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">seinen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">seines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">seines neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">seiner neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">seiner neuen</span>
|}
==== ihr neuer ====
her new; its new; one's new; their new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ihr neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ihr neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ihre neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">ihre neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ihren neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ihr neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ihre neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">ihre neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ihrem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ihrem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">ihrer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ihren neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">ihres neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">ihres neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">ihrer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">ihrer neuen</span>
|}
==== Ihr neuer ====
your new (formal)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">Ihr neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">Ihr neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">Ihre neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">Ihre neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">Ihren neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">Ihr neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">Ihre neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">Ihre neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">Ihrem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">Ihrem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">Ihrer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">Ihren neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">Ihres neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">Ihres neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">Ihrer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">Ihrer neuen</span>
|}
==== unser neuer ====
our new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">unser neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">unser neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">unsere neue</span>
<span style="color:#FF0000">unsre neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">unsere neuen</span>
<span style="color:#FF8080">unsre neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">unseren neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">unsern neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">unsren neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">unser neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">unsere neue</span>
<span style="color:#FF0000">unsre neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">unsere neuen</span>
<span style="color:#FF8080">unsre neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">unserem neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C000FF">unserm neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C000FF">unsrem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">unserem neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C000FF">unserm neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C000FF">unsrem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">unserer neuen</span>
<span style="color:#8080FF">unsrer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">unseren neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">unsern neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">unsren neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">unseres neuen</span>
<span style="color:#00C0FF">unsres neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">unseres neuen</span>
<span style="color:#00C0FF">unsres neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">unserer neuen</span>
<span style="color:#8080FF">unsrer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">unserer neuen</span>
<span style="color:#8080FF">unsrer neuen</span>
|}
==== euer neuer ====
your new (plural informal)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">euer neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">euer neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eure neue</span>
<span style="color:#FF0000">euere neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">eure neuen</span>
<span style="color:#FF8080">euere neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">eueren neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">euren neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#80C000">eueres neues</span>
<span style="color:#80C000">eures neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eure neue</span>
<span style="color:#FF0000">euere neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">eure neuen</span>
<span style="color:#FF8080">euere neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">euerem neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C000FF">eurem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">euerem neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C000FF">eurem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">euerer neuen</span>
<span style="color:#8080FF">eurer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">eueren neuen</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">euren neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eueres neuen</span>
<span style="color:#00C0FF">eures neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eueres neuen</span>
<span style="color:#00C0FF">eures neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">euerer neuen</span>
<span style="color:#8080FF">eurer neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">euerer neuen</span>
<span style="color:#8080FF">eurer neuen</span>
|}
[[#Possesive pronoun|go to “possesive pronoun”]]
==== ein bisschen neuer ====
a bit new
This is two-way: “ein” can be declined or [[#ein bisschen neuer 2|not]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine bisschen neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einen bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine bisschen neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einer bisschen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einer bisschen neuen</span>
|}
=== Strong declension ===
Strong declension is used when there is no preceding determiner or the determiner can't fully indicate the case, gender and number of the noun.
For the determiner, it is not a strong declension.
==== neuer ====
new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|}
==== etwas neuer ====
some new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">etwas neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">etwas neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">etwas neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">etwas neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|}
==== mehr neuer ====
more new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">mehr neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">mehr neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">mehr neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">mehr neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
|}
==== ein paar neuer ====
a few new
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein paar neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein paar neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein paar neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein paar neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|}
==== ein bisschen neuer ====
a bit new
This is two-way: “ein” can be [[#ein bisschen neuer|declined]] or not.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein bisschen neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein bisschen neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|}
[[File:Deutsche_Deklinationen_3.png]]
=== No declension ===
Declension doesn't happen to predicative adjectives.
These quantifiers are either declined or not:
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wenig#Declension wenig], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viel#Declension viel]
== Noun ==
=== Regular declension ===
For masculine singular and neuter singular (both singular),  an “-s” or “-es” is added in genitive accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-es”; otherwise “-s”. Sometimes both are accepted.
For plural, an “-n” or “-en” is often added in dative accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-en”; if it ends with “-n”, then “-n” or “-en” is not to be added; otherwise “-n”.
spoon, knife, fork, glasses
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|Löffel
|Messer
|Gabel
|Gläser
|-
!accusative
|Löffel
|Messer
|Gabel
|Gläser
|-
!dative
|Löffel
|Messer
|Gabel
|Gläser'''n'''
|-
!genitive
|Löffel'''s'''
|Messer'''s'''
|Gabel
|Gläser
|}
=== N-declension ===
For weak masculine singular nouns and several neuter singular nouns, the declension is adding “-n” or “-en” accordingly at the end in accusative, dative and genitive. If it ends with “-e”, that will likely be “-n”; otherwise “-en”.
student
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
|-
!nominative
|Student
|-
!accusative
|Student'''en'''
|-
!dative
|Student'''en'''
|-
!genitive
|Student'''en'''
|}
Several words have an additional “regular declension” after common N-declension in single form.
name
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
|-
!nominative
|Name
|-
!accusative
|Namen
|-
!dative
|Namen
|-
!genitive
|Namen'''s'''
|}
There is a notable exception, with accusative unchanged: Herz
heart
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!neuter singular
|-
!nominative
|Herz
|-
!accusative
|Herz
|-
!dative
|Herzen
|-
!genitive
|Herzens
|}
== Pronoun ==
=== Personal pronoun ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!1<sup>st</sup>-person singular
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person singular informal
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular masculine singular
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular feminine singular
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular neuter singular
!1<sup>st</sup>-person plural
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person plural informal
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person plural
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person formal
|-
!nominative
|ich
|du
|er
|<span style="color:#FF0000">sie</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">es</span>
|wir
|<span style="color:#FFA0A0">ihr</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">sie</span>
|<span style="color:#FF4040">Sie</span>
|-
!accusative
|mich
|dich
|ihn
|<span style="color:#FF0000">sie</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">es</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080">uns</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080">euch</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">sie</span>
|<span style="color:#FF4040">Sie</span>
|-
!dative
|mir
|dir
|<span style="color:#8080FF">ihm</span>
|<span style="color:#FFA0A0">ihr</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">ihm</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080">uns</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080">euch</span>
|ihnen
|Ihnen
|-
!genitive
|meiner
|deiner
|<span style="color:#4080FF">seiner</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">ihrer</span>
|<span style="color:#4080FF">seiner</span>
|unser
|euer
|<span style="color:#FF8080">ihrer</span>
|Ihrer
|}
=== Reflexive pronoun ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!1<sup>st</sup>-person singular
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person singular informal
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular masculine singular
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular feminine singular
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular neuter singular
!1<sup>st</sup>-person plural
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person plural informal
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person plural
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person formal
|-
!nominative
|ich
|du
|er
|<span style="color:#FF0000>sie</span>
|es
|wir
|ihr
|<span style="color:#FF0000>sie</span>
|Sie
|-
!accusative
|mich
|dich
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080>uns</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080>euch</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|-
!dative
|mir
|dir
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080>uns</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080>euch</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|}
=== Possesive pronoun ===
{| class="wikitable"
!1<sup>st</sup>-person singular
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person singular informal
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular masculine singular
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular feminine singular
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular neuter singular
!1<sup>st</sup>-person plural
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person plural informal
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person plural
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person formal
|-
|mein
|dein
|<span style="color:#008080">sein</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ihr</span>
|<span style="color:#008080">sein</span>
|unser
|euer
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ihr</span>
|Ihr
|}
Declensions of possessive pronouns is determined by its function:
*Weak declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has a preceding declensional determiner.
*Mixed declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has no preceding declensional determiner.
*Strong declension: possessive pronoun is attributive.
[[#mein neuer|Declensions of possessive pronouns]] have been described. Its differences of declensions follow the pattern of adjectives'. If you want to see the charts, go to [https://www.germanveryeasy.com/pronouns#Possessive-Pronouns GermanVeryEasy].
=== Indefinite pronoun ===
=== Indefinite pronoun ===


Line 1,372: Line 18:
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|<span style="color:#FF8080">einen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000>eines</span>
|<span style="color:#008000>eines</span>
<span style="color:#008000>eins</span>
<span style="color:#008000>eins</span>
Line 1,455: Line 101:
niemands
niemands
|}
|}
=== Relative pronoun ===
==== der (relative pronoun) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der</span>
|<span style="color:#80C0FF">denen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dessen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dessen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deren</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deren</span>
|}
== Article ==
=== [[#der (definite article) neue|Definite article]] ===
=== [[#ein neuer|Indefinite article]] ===
== More information ==
If you are interested, you can see what declensions of its early forms the look like:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_High_German#Grammar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_High_German_declension
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_Dutch_declension
== Reference ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_declension
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_nouns#Declension_for_case
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_adjectives#Weak,_mixed,_and_strong_inflection
https://www.germanveryeasy.com/noun-declension
https://www.germanveryeasy.com/adjective-declension
https://www.germanveryeasy.com/pronouns
https://www.wiktionary.org/

Revision as of 08:58, 2 February 2019

Indefinite pronoun

ein (indefinite pronoun)

one

masculine neuter feminine
nominative einer eines

eins

eine
accusative einen eines

eins

eine
dative einem einem einer
genitive eines eines einer

man

one

singular
nominative man
accusative einen
dative einem
genitive sein

jemand

someone, somebody

singular
nominative jemand
accusative jemanden

jemand

dative jemandem

jemand

genitive jemandes

jemand

niemand

no one, nobody

singular
nominative niemand
accusative niemanden

niemand

dative niemandem

niemand

genitive niemandes

niemands

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