Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Thermodynamics"

Revision as of 08:14, 9 May 2022

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cmn-Hans-CN: 科目	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: kēmù	deu-Latn-DE: Fach [n]	eng-Latn-US: subject	fra-Latn-FR: matière [f]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 科目	jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑もく	rus-Cyrl-RU: предме́т

经典热力学	jīngdiǎn rèlìxué	klassische Thermodynamik	classical thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] classique	古典熱力学	こ↑てんねつりき↓がく	класси́ческая термодина́мика
统计力学	tǒngjì lìxué	statistische Mechanik	statistical mechanics	physique [f] statistique	統計力学	と↑うけいりき↓がく	статисти́ческая меха́ника, статисти́ческая термодина́мика
化学热力学	huàxué rèlìxué	chemische Thermodynamik	chemical thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] chimique	化学熱力学	か↑がくねつりき↓がく	хими́ческая термодина́мика
量子热力学	liàngzǐ rèlìxué	Quantenthermodynamik [f]	quantum thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] quantique	量子熱力学	りょ↓うしね↑つりき↓がく	ква́нтовой термодина́мики
非平衡态热力学	fēi pínghéngtài rèlìxué	Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik [f]	non-equilibrium thermodynamics	thermodynamique [f] hors équilibre	非平衡熱力学	ひ↑へいこうねつりき↓がく	неравнове́сная термодина́мика

Main

Classical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция

绝对零度	juéduì língdù	absoluter Nullpunkt	absolute zero	temperature; particle	zéro absolu	絶対零度	ぜ↑ったいれ↓いど	абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры, абсолю́тный нуль температу́ры
吸收式制冷机	xīshōushì zhìlěngjī	Absorptionskältemaschine [f]	absorption refrigerator	refrigeration	réfrigérateur [m] à absorption de gaz [m]	吸収式冷凍機	きゅうしゅうしきれいとうき	абсорбцио́нная холоди́льная маши́на
绝热过程	juérè guòchéng	adiabatische Zustandsänderung, adiabate Zustandsänderung	adiabatic process	thermodynamic process	processus [m] adiabatique	断熱過程	だんねつかてい	адиабати́ческий проце́сс, адиаба́тный проце́сс
安托万方程	Āntuōwàn fāngchéng	Antoine-Gleichung [f]	Antoine equation	temperature; vapor pressure	équation [f] d'Antoine	アントワン式	ア↑ントワンし↓き	уравне́ние Антуа́на
			Bridgman's thermodynamic equations	internal energy; enthalpy; Helmholtz free energy; Gibbs free energy; heat capacity; thermal expansion; compressibility
卡诺热机	Kǎnuò rèjī	Carnot-Maschine [f]	Carnot heat engine	Carnot cycle; heat engine	moteur [m] Carnot	カルノー機関	カ↑ルノーき↓かん	теплова́я маши́на Карно́, теплово́й дви́гатель Карно́
卡诺循环	Kǎnuò xúnhuán	Carnot-Prozess [m], Carnot-Zyklus [m]	Carnot cycle	thermodynamic cycle	cycle [m] de Carnot	カルノーサイクル	カ↑ルノーサ↓イクル	цикл Карно́, проце́сс Карно́
卡诺定理	Kǎnuò dìnglǐ	Satz [m] von Carnot	Carnot's theorem, Carnot's rule	heat engine	théorème [m] de Carnot	カルノーの定理，カルノーの原理	カ↓ルノーの↑て↓いり，カ↓ルノーの↑げ↓んり	теоре́ма Карно́
克劳修斯定理，克劳修斯不等式	Kèláuxiūsī dìnglǐ, Kèláuxiūsī bùděngshì	Clausius-Ungleichung [f]	Clausius theorem	thermal reservoir; thermodynamic cycle	inégalité [f] de Clausius, théorème [m] de Clausius	クラウジウスの定理	ク↑ラウジウ↓スの↑て↓いり	нера́венство Клаузиуса
性能系数	xìngnéng xìshù	Leistungszahl [f]	coefficient of performance	heat pump cycle; thermodynamic work; energy	coefficient [m] de performance [f]	成績係数，動作係数	せ↑いせきけ↓いすう，ど↑うさけ↓いすう	коэффицие́нт преобразова́ния теплоты́
			conjugate variables
			enthalpy	internal energy; pressure; volume
			entropy	work <mechanics>; energy
			equation of state	thermodynamic equation; state variable
			free expansion, Joule expansion	irreversible process; volume
			fundamental thermodynamic relation	internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; pressure; volume
			gas constant	energy; temperature; mole <unit of measurement>
			heat pump	mechanical energy; mechanical work
			heat	energy
			heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, ratio of specific heats, Laplace's coefficient
			heat engine	mechanical energy; mechanical work
			ideal gas	point particle
			ideal gas law, general gas equation	equation of state; ideal gas
			internal energy	thermodynamic system; energy; entropy; volume; particle number
			irreversible process	thermodynamic process
			isentropic process	adiabatic process; reversible process
			isenthalpic process	thermodynamic process; enthalpy
			isobaric process	thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
			isochoric process, constant-volume process, isovolumetric process, isometric process	thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
			isolated system	physical system; thermodynamic system
			isothermal process	thermodynamic process; closed system <systems theory>
			Kelvin scale	thermodynamic temperature; scale of temperature
			law of conservation of energy	energy; isolated system
			Mayer's relation	specific heat; pressure; volume; gas constant
			particle number, number of particles	thermodynamic system; particle
			perpetual motion machine	laws of thermodynamics
			polytropic index	polytropic process
			polytropic process	thermodynamic process
			pressure–volume diagram	thermodynamic diagram; pressure; volume
			process function, path function	thermodynamic process
			quasi-static process, quasi-equilibrium process	thermodynamic process; thermodynamic equilibrium
			real gas	ideal gas law
			refrigerant	refrigeration
			refrigeration	cooling
			reversible process	thermodynamic process
			reversed Carnot cycle	Carnot cycle
			scale of temperature	temperature
			state function, function of state, point function	state variable <control theory>
			Stirling engine	reciprocating engine
			temperature
			temperature–entropy diagram	thermodynamic diagram; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
			thermal conduction	heat transfer
			thermal convection, convective heat transfer	heat transfer
			thermal efficiency	thermal energy
			thermal energy	enthalpy; heat
			thermal radiation	electromagnetic radiation; kinetic theory of gases; matter
			thermodynamic cycle	thermodynamic process
			thermodynamic diagram	thermodynamic state
			thermodynamic free energy	work; thermodynamic system
			thermodynamic potential energy, thermodynamic potential	scalar
			thermodynamic process	thermodynamic system
			thermodynamic state	thermodynamic system; time
			thermodynamic square, thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme, Born square	conjugate variables
			thermodynamic system	system <system theory>, matter, radiation
			thermodynamic temperature	temperature
			vapor-compression refrigeration	intensive property; phase transition
			volume	intensive property


cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]
thermodynamic law

	first law of thermodynamics	law of conservation of energy; thermodynamic process; isolated system; energy; work
	second law of thermodynamics	entrophy; thermodynamic system; spontaneous process; thermodynamic equilibrium; thermodynamic free energy
	third law of thermodynamics	entropy; absolute zero
	zeroth law of thermodynamics	thermodynamic system; thermal equilibrium

phase transition
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
						phase transition	physical change

						condensation	phase transition; gas; liquid
						deposition	phase transition; solid; gas
						freezing	phase transition; solid; liquid
						ionization	phase transition; plasma; gas
						melting	phase transition; solid; liquid
						sublimation	phase transition; solid; gas
						recombination	phase transition; plasma; gas
						vaporization	phase transition; gas; liquid

state of matter
cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лкаc
						state of matter

						gas	state of matter
						liquid	state of matter
						plasma	state of matter; charged particles
						solid	state of matter
						vapor	liquid; critical point

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

						Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann equation	thermodynamic system; thermodynamic equilibrium
						Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy	thermodynamic potential
						grand canonical ensemble, macrocanonical ensemble	statistical ensemble
						grand potential, Landau free energy, Landau energy	internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy; chemical potential; particle number; pressure; volume
						Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz energy	isothermal process
						H-theorem	entropy; ideal gas
						kinetic theory of gases	gas; particle number
						Landau free energy, Landau potential
						Maxwell relations	symmetry of second derivatives <mathematical analysis>; thermodynamic potential
						mean-field theory, self-consistent field theory
						specific enthalpy	enthalpy; mass
						thermodynamic limit, macroscopic limit	particle number; volume
						thermodynamic potential	thermodynamic state; scalar
						Vlasov equation	differential equation; distribution function; plasma; charged particle

Chemical Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

						chemical potential	chemical species; energy; phase transition

Quantum Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

cmn-Hans-CN: 概念	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gàiniàn	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Begriff [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: concept	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: concept [m]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 概念	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: が↓いねん	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: конце́пция	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Appendix

Sentence

cmn-Hans-CN: 语句	cmn-Hans-CN: 前提	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: yǔjù	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: qiántí	deu-Latn-DE: Satz [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Voraussetzung [f]	eng-Latn-US: sentence	eng-Latn-US: prerequisite	fra-Latn-FR: phrase [f]	fra-Latn-FR: préalable [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 文章	jpn-Jpan-JP: 前提	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぶ↑んしょ↓う	jpn-Hrkt-JP: ぜ↑んてい	rus-Cyrl-RU: фра́за	rus-Cyrl-RU: предпосы́лка

Symbol

Classical Thermodynamics

symbol	cmn-Hans-CN: 含义	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì	deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f]	eng-Latn-US: meaning	fra-Latn-FR: signification [f]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味	jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み	rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние

C	热容量，热容	rè róngliàng, rè róng	Wärmekapazität [f]	heat capacity, thermal capacity	capacité [f] thermique	熱容量	ね↑つよ↓うりょう	теплоёмкость
C_p	等压热容	děngyā rèróng	isobare Wärmekapazität	isobaric heat capacity	capacité thermique isobare	定圧熱容量	て↑いあつねつよ↓うりょう	изоба́рная теплоёмкость
C_V	等容热容	děngróng rèróng	isochore Wärmekapazität	isochoric heat capacity	capacité thermique isochore	定積熱容量	て↑いせきねつよ↓うりょう
Δ	变化量	biànhuà liàng	Änderung [f]	change	changement [f]	変化量	へ↑んか↓りょう	измене́ние
H	焓	hán	Enthalpie [f]	enthalpy	enthalpie [f]	エンタルピー	エ↑ンタ↓ルピー	энтальпи́я
L				specific latent heat
M	摩尔质量	Mó'ěr zhìliàng	molare Masse	molar mass	masse molaire	モル質量	モ↑ルしつ↓りょう	моля́рная ма́сса
m	质量	zhìliàng	Masse [f]	mass	masse [f]	質量	し↑つ↓りょう	ма́сса
N	粒子数	lìzǐ shù	Teilchenzahl [f]	number of particles, particle number	nombre [m] de particules	粒子数	りゅ↑うし↓すう	коли́чество части́ц
N_A	阿伏伽德罗常数	Āfúliādéluó chángshù	Avogadro-Konstante [f]	Avogadro constant	constante [f] d'Avogadro, nombre [m] d'Avogadro	アボガドロ定数	ア↑ボガドロて↓いすう	конста́нта Авога́дро, постоя́нная Авога́дро, число́ Авога́дро
n	摩尔	mó'ěr	Mol [n]	mole	mole [f]	モル	モ↓ル	моль
P, p	压强	yā qiáng	Druck [m]	pressure	pression [f]	圧力	あ↑つ↓りょく	давле́ние
p				volumetric mass density; thermal conduction rate
Q	热量	rè liàng	Wärme [f]	heat	chaleur [f]	熱量	ね↑つ↓りょう
Q_L	潜热	qián rè	latente Wärme	latent heat, latent energy, heat of transformation	chaleur latente	潜熱	せ↓んねつ	скры́тая теплота́
q				vapor quality
q				heat flux density
R_u, R	普适气体常数，理想气体常数，气体常数	pǔshì qìtī chángshù, lǐxiǎng qìtǐ chángshù, qìtǐ chángshù	allgemeine Gaskonstante, universelle Gaskonstante, Gaskonstante [f]	universal gas constant, ideal gas constant, molar gas constant, gas constant	constante universelle des gaz parfaits, constante [f] des gaz parfaits	普遍気体定数，モル気体定数，気体定数	ふ↑へんきたいて↓いすう，モ↓ルき↑たいて↓いすう，き↑たいて↓いすう	универса́льная га́зовая постоя́нная
R_{name_of_gas}	个别气体常数	gèbié chángshù	spezifische Gaskonstante, individuelle Gaskonstante	specific gas constant, individual gas constant	constante [f] spécifique d'un gaz, constante individuelle d'un gaz	特定の気体定数	と↑くていの↓き↑たいて↓いすう	уде́льная га́зовая постоя́нная
S	熵	shāng	Entropie [f]	entropy	entropie [f]	エントロピー	エ↑ントロ↓ピー	энтропи́я
T	热力学温度	rèlìxué wēndù	thermodynamische Temperatur	thermodynamic temperature	température [f] thermodynamique	熱力学温度	ね↑つ↓り↑きがくお↓んど	термодинами́ческая температу́ра
U	内能	nèi néng	innere Energie	internal energy	énergie interne	内部エネルギー	な↑いぶエネル↓ギー	вну́тренняя эне́ргия
V	体积	tǐjī	Volumen [n]	volume	volume [m]	体積	た↓いせき	объём
W	功	gōng	Volumenänderungsarbeit [f], Volumenarbeit [f]	travail [m]	work	仕事	し↑ごと	термодинами́ческая рабо́та
α				coefficient of thermal expansion
β				compressibility
ρ				density
γ, κ				heat capacity ratio
δ				infinitesimal change
Φ				Massieu potential
Ξ				Planck potential
ν				specific volume

Statistical Mechanics

symbol	cmn-Hans-CN: 含义	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì	deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f]	eng-Latn-US: meaning	fra-Latn-FR: signification [f]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味	jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み	rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние

A, F				Helmholtz free energy
c_p				specific heat capacity
G				Gibbs free energy
k_B				Boltzmann constant
Φ_G, Ω				grand potential

Chemical Thermodynamics

symbol	cmn-Hans-CN: 含义	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: hányì	deu-Latn-DE: Bedeutung [f]	eng-Latn-US: meaning	fra-Latn-FR: signification [f]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 意味	jpn-Hrkt-JP: い↓み	rus-Cyrl-RU: значе́ние

Q_r				reaction quotient
a				thermodynamic activity
μ				chemical potential

Statistical Mechanics

cmn-Hans-CN: 过程	cmn-Hans-CN: 构件	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: guòchéng	cmn-Latn.Pinyin-CN: gòujiàn	deu-Latn-DE: Prozess [m]	deu-Latn-DE: Bestandteil [m]	eng-Latn-US: process	eng-Latn-US: constituent	fra-Latn-FR: procès [m]	fra-Latn-FR: composant [m]	jpn-Jpan-JP: 過程	jpn-Jpan-JP: 構材	jpn-Hrkt-JP: か↑てい	jpn-Hrkt-JP: こ↓うざい	rus-Cyrl-RU: проце́сс	rus-Cyrl-RU: соста́вная часть

						calculation of Gibbs free energy	Gibbs free energy; enthalpy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy
						calculation of Helmholtz free energy	Helmholtz free energy; internal energy; thermodynamic temperature; entropy