Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Pronouns"

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Hi Polish Learners! 😃
Hi Polish Learners! 😃


 
In today's lesson we will learn How to use Pronouns in Polish.  
 
In today's lesson we will learn How to use Pronouns in Polish.
 
 


Happy learning!
Happy learning!


<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson:</span> [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Cases|Cases]], [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Vocative-Case|Vocative Case]] & [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Polish-Alphabet|Polish Alphabet]].
__TOC__
__TOC__


== zaimki osobowe - personal pronouns in Polish ==
== zaimki osobowe - personal pronouns in Polish ==
===Personal Pronouns (Nominative Vocative)===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Polski
!Polski
Line 26: Line 24:
|on  
|on  


ona  
ona


ono
ono
Line 43: Line 41:
|oni  
|oni  


one  
one
|they
|they
|}
=== Personal Pronouns Cases ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |'''case'''
! colspan="5" |'''Singular'''
! colspan="4" |'''Plural'''
! rowspan="3" |'''Reflexive'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |'''1<sup>st</sup> person'''
! rowspan="2" |'''2<sup>nd</sup> person'''
! colspan="3" |'''3<sup>rd</sup> person'''
! rowspan="2" |'''1<sup>st</sup> person'''
! rowspan="2" |'''2<sup>nd</sup> person'''
! colspan="2" |'''3<sup>rd</sup> person'''
|-
!'''Masculine'''
!'''Feminine'''
!'''Neutral'''
!'''Masculine Personal'''
!'''Others'''
|-
!Nominative  Vocative
|ja
|ty
|on
|ona
|ono
|my
|wy
|oni
|one
| -
|-
!Genitive
|mnie
|cię
ciebie
|go
jego
niego
|jej
niej
|go
jego
niego
|nas
|was
| colspan="2" |ich
nich
|się
siebie
|-
!Dative
|mi
mnie
|ci
tobie
|mu
jemu
niemu
|jej
niej
|mu
jemu
niemu
|nam
|wam
| colspan="2" |im
nim
|sobie
|-
!Accusative
|mię
mnie
|cię
ciebie
|go
jego
niego
|ją
nią
|je
nie
|nas
|was
|ich
nich
|je
nie
|się
siebie
|-
!Instrumental
|mną
|tobą
|nim
|nią
|nim
|nami
|wami
| colspan="2" |nimi
|sobą
|-
!Locative
|mną
|tobie
|nim
|niej
|nim
|nas
|was
| colspan="2" |nich
|sobie
|}
=== Personal pronouns with to be (być)===
{| class="wikitable"
!polski
!sound
!English
|-
|Ja jestem
|['''Ya''' yestem]
|I am
|-
|Ty jesteś
|[yestech]
|you are
|-
|On/Ona jest
|[yest]
|he/she is
|-
|My jesteśmy
|[yestechmy]
|we are
|-
|Wy jesteście
|['''Vy''' yestechtche]
|you are
|-
|Oni/One są
|[son]
|they are
|}
===Personal pronouns with to have (mieć)===
{| class="wikitable"
!polski
!sound
!English
|-
|Ja mam
|['''Ya''' mam]
|I have
|-
|Ty masz
|[mach]
|you have
|-
|On/Ona ma
|"
|he/she has
|-
|My mamy
|"
|we have
|-
|Wy macie
|['''Vy''' matche]
|you have
|-
|Oni/One mają
|[mayon]
|they have
|}
|}


Line 50: Line 224:
Polish possessive pronouns like adjectives must agree with gender.
Polish possessive pronouns like adjectives must agree with gender.


The following talbes show the basic forms of possessive pronouns for masculine and feminine:
The following tables show the basic forms of possessive pronouns for masculine and feminine:


=== Masculine ===
=== Masculine ===
 
====Singular====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |Singulier
!'''Person'''
|-
!'''Possessive Pronoun'''
|Personne
!'''Translation'''
|Pronom possessif
|Traduction
|-
|-
|ja
|ja
|mój
|mój
|mon
|my
|-
|-
|ty
|ty
|twój
|twój
|ton
|your
|-
|-
|on
|on
|jego
|jego
|son
|his
|-
|-
|ona
|ona
|jej
|jej
|son
|his
|-
|-
|ono
|ono
|jego
|jego
|son (neutre)
|his (neutral)
|}
|}
====Plural====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |Plural
!'''Person'''
|-
!'''Possessive Pronoun'''
|Personne
!'''Translation'''
|Pronom possessif
|Traduction
|-
|-
|my
|my
|nasz
|nasz
|nos
|our
|-
|-
|wy
|wy
|wasz
|wasz
|vos
|your
|-
|-
|oni
|oni
|ich
|ich
|leur (m)
|their
|-
|-
|one
|one
|ich
|ich
|leur (f)
|their
|}
|}


=== Feminine ===
=== Feminine ===
====Singular====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |Singular
!'''Person'''
|-
!'''Possessive Pronoun'''
|Personne
!'''Translation'''
|Pronom possessif
|Traduction
|-
|-
|ja
|ja
|moja
|moja
|ma
|my
|-
|-
|ty
|ty
|twoja
|twoja
|ta
|your
|-
|-
|on
|on
|jego
|jego
|sa
|her
|-
|-
|ona
|ona
|jej
|jej
|sa
|her
|-
|-
|ono
|ono
|jego
|jego
|sa (neutre)
|her (neutral)
|}
|}
====Plural====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |Pluriel
|-
|-
|Personne
!'''Person'''
|Pronom possessif
!'''Possessive Pronoun'''
|Translation
!'''Translation'''
|-
|-
|my
|my
|nasza
|nasza
|notre
|our
|-
|-
|wy
|wy
|wasza
|wasza
|votre
|your
|-
|-
|oni
|oni
|ich
|ich
|leur (m)
|their
|-
|-
|one
|one
|ich
|ich
|leur (f)
|their
|}
|}


== Pronouns: cases ==
===Possessive Pronouns: cases ===


The possessive pronouns agree depending on the case, gender and number.
The possessive pronouns agree depending on the case, gender and number.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Case
! rowspan="2" |'''Case'''
! colspan="3" |singulier
! colspan="3" |'''singular'''
! colspan="2" |pluriel
! colspan="2" |'''plural'''
|-
|-
!masculin
!'''masculine'''
!féminin
!'''feminine'''
!neutre
!'''neutral'''
!masc personnel
!'''masc personal'''
!autres
!'''others'''
|-
|-
!''Nom'', ''Voc''
|'''Nominative  Vocative'''
|'''mój (mon), twój (ton), swój (son).'''
|'''mój (mon), '''
|'''moja'''/ma, '''twoja'''/twa, '''swoja'''/swa
'''twój (ton), '''
|'''moje'''/me, '''twoje'''/twe, '''swoje'''/swe
 
|'''moi, twoi, swoi'''
'''swój (son).'''
|'''moje'''/me, '''twoje'''/twe, '''swoje'''/swe
|'''moja'''/ma, 
'''twoja'''/twa, 
 
'''swoja'''/swa
|'''moje'''/me, 
'''twoje'''/twe,
 
'''swoje'''/swe
|'''moi,'''
'''twoi,'''
 
'''swoi'''
|'''moje'''/me, 
'''twoje'''/twe,
 
'''swoje'''/swe
|-
|-
!''Gen''
|'''Genitive'''
|'''mojego'''/mego, '''twojego'''/twego, '''swojego'''/swego
|'''mojego'''/mego, 
|'''mojej'''/mej, '''twojej'''/twej, '''swojej'''/swej
'''twojego'''/twego, 
|'''mojego'''/mego, '''twojego'''/twego, '''swojego'''/swego
 
| colspan="2" |'''moich'''/mych, '''twoich'''/twych, '''swoich'''/swych
'''swojego'''/swego
|'''mojej'''/mej, 
'''twojej'''/twej, 
 
'''swojej'''/swej
|'''mojego'''/mego, 
'''twojego'''/twego,
 
'''swojego'''/swego
| colspan="2" |'''moich'''/mych, 
'''twoich'''/twych,
 
'''swoich'''/swych
|-
|-
!''Dat''
|'''Dative'''
|'''mojemu'''/memu, '''twojemu'''/twemu, '''swojemu'''/swemu
|'''mojemu'''/memu, 
|'''mojej'''/mej, '''twojej'''/twej, '''swojej'''/swej
'''twojemu'''/twemu, 
|'''mojemu'''/memu, '''twojemu'''/twemu, '''swojemu'''/swemu
 
| colspan="2" |'''moim'''/mym, '''twoim'''/twym, '''swoim'''/swym
'''swojemu'''/swemu
|'''mojej'''/mej, 
'''twojej'''/twej, 
 
'''swojej'''/swej
|'''mojemu'''/memu,
'''twojemu'''/twemu,
 
'''swojemu'''/swemu
| colspan="2" |'''moim'''/mym, 
'''twoim'''/twym,
 
'''swoim'''/swym
|-
|-
!''Acc''
|'''Accusative'''
|'''mojego'''/mego, '''twojego'''/twego, '''swojego'''/swego
|'''mojego'''/mego, 
'''twojego'''/twego, 
 
'''swojego'''/swego
|'''moją'''/mą
|'''moją'''/mą
'''twoją'''/twą
'''twoją'''/
 
'''swoją'''/swą
'''swoją'''/swą
|'''mojego'''/mego, '''twojego'''/twego, '''swojego'''/swego
|'''mojego'''/mego,
|'''moich'''/mych, '''twoich'''/twych, '''swoich'''/swych
'''twojego'''/twego,
|'''moje'''/me, '''twoje'''/twe, '''swoje'''/swe
 
'''swojego'''/swego
|'''moich'''/mych, 
'''twoich'''/twych, 
 
'''swoich'''/swych
|'''moje'''/me, 
'''twoje'''/twe, 
 
'''swoje'''/swe
|-
|-
!''Instr''
|'''Instrumental'''
|'''moim'''/mym, '''twoim'''/twym, '''swoim'''/swym
|'''moim'''/mym, 
'''twoim'''/twym, 
 
'''swoim'''/swym
|'''moją'''/mą
|'''moją'''/mą
'''twoją'''/twą
'''twoją'''/
 
'''swoją'''/swą
'''swoją'''/swą
|'''moim'''/mym, '''twoim'''/twym, '''swoim'''/swym
|'''moim'''/mym,
| colspan="2" |'''moimi'''/mymi, '''twoimi'''/twymi, '''swoimi'''/swymi
'''twoim'''/twym,
 
'''swoim'''/swym
| colspan="2" | '''moimi'''/mymi, 
'''twoimi'''/twymi, 
 
'''swoimi'''/swymi
|-
|-
!''Loc''
|'''Locative'''
|'''moim'''/mym, '''twoim'''/twym, '''swoim'''/swym
|'''moim'''/mym, 
|'''mojej'''/mej, '''twojej'''/twej, '''swojej'''/swej
'''twoim'''/twym, 
|'''moim'''/mym, '''twoim'''/twym, '''swoim'''/swym
 
| colspan="2" |'''moich'''/mych, '''twoich'''/twych, '''swoich'''/swych
'''swoim'''/swym
|'''mojej'''/mej,
'''twojej'''/twej,
 
'''swojej'''/swej
|'''moim'''/mym,
'''twoim'''/twym,
 
'''swoim'''/swym
| colspan="2" |'''moich'''/mych,
'''twoich'''/twych,
 
'''swoich'''/swych
|}
|}


== być - to be ==
==Pronoms personnels de politesse==
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!polski
!'''Case'''
!sound
! colspan="3" |'''Singular'''
!English
! colspan="4" |'''Pluriel'''
|-
!
!'''Mr.''' 
!'''Mrs.'''
!'''Miss'''
!'''Gentlemen''' 
!'''Ladies'''
!'''Ladies and Gentlemen'''
!'''Ladies'''
|-
!'''Nominative''' 
|pan
|pani
|pann'''a'''
|pan'''owie'''
|pani'''e'''
|państw'''o'''
|pann'''y'''
|-
|-
|Ja jestem
!'''Genitive'''
|['''Ya''' yestem]
|pan'''a'''
|I am
|pani
|pann'''y'''
|pan'''ów'''
|pa'''ń'''
|państw'''a'''
|pan'''ien'''
|-
|-
|Ty jesteś
!'''Dative'''
|[yestech]
|pan'''u'''
|you are
|pani
|pann'''ie'''
|pan'''om'''
|pani'''om'''
|państw'''u'''
|pann'''om'''
|-
|-
|On/Ona jest
!'''Accusative'''
|[yest]
|pan'''a'''
|he/she is
|pani'''ą'''
|pann'''ę'''
|pan'''ów'''
|pani'''e'''
|państw'''a'''
|pann'''y'''
|-
|-
|My jesteśmy
!'''Instrumental'''
|[yestechmy]
|pan'''om'''
|we are
|pani'''ą'''
|pann'''ą'''
|pan'''ami'''
|pani'''ami'''
|państw'''om'''
|pann'''ami'''
|-
|-
|Wy jesteście
!'''Locative'''
|['''Vy''' yestechtche]
|pan'''u'''
|you are
|pani
|pann'''ie'''
|pan'''ach'''
|pani'''ach'''
|państw'''u'''
|pann'''ach'''
|-
|-
|Oni/One są
!'''Vocative'''
|[son]
|pan'''ie'''
|they are
|pani
|pann'''o'''
|pan'''owie'''
|pani'''e'''
|państw'''o'''
|pann'''y'''
|}
|}


== mieć - to have ==
==Other Pronouns==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!polski
!'''Cas'''
!sound
!'''What'''
!English
!'''Nothing'''
!'''Something'''
!'''Anything'''
!'''Who'''
!'''Noone'''
!'''Someone'''
!'''Anyone'''
|-
|-
|Ja mam
|'''Nominative  Vocative'''
|['''Ya''' mam]
|'''co'''
|I have
|ni'''c'''
|'''co'''ś
|'''co'''kolwiek
|k'''to'''
|nik'''t'''
|k'''to'''ś
|k'''to'''kolwiek
|-
|-
|Ty masz
|'''Genitive'''
|[mach]
|cz'''ego'''
|you have
|nicz'''ego'''
|cz'''ego'''ś
|cz'''ego'''kolwiek
|k'''ogo'''
|nik'''ogo'''
|k'''ogo'''ś
|k'''ogo'''kolwiek
|-
|-
|On/Ona ma
|'''Dative'''
|"
|cz'''emu'''
|he/she has
|nicz'''emu'''
|cz'''emu'''ś
|cz'''emu'''kolwiek
|k'''omu'''
|nik'''omu'''
|k'''omu'''ś
|k'''omu'''kolwiek
|-
|-
|My mamy
|'''Accusative'''
|"
|'''co'''
|we have
|ni'''c'''
|'''co'''ś
|'''co'''kolwiek
|k'''ogo'''
|nik'''ogo'''
|k'''ogo'''ś
|k'''ogo'''kolwiek
|-
|-
|Wy macie
|'''Instrumental'''
|['''Vy''' matche]
|cz'''ym'''
|you have
|nicz'''ym'''
|cz'''ym'''ś
|cz'''ym'''kolwiek
|k'''im'''
|nik'''im'''
|k'''im'''ś
|k'''im'''kolwiek
|-
|-
|Oni/One mają
|'''Locative'''
|[mayon]
|cz'''ym'''
|they have
|nicz'''ym'''
|cz'''ym'''ś
|cz'''ym'''kolwiek
|k'''im'''
|nik'''im'''
|k'''im'''ś
|k'''im'''kolwiek
|}
|}


== Sources ==
==Sources==
* https://www.po-polsku.fr/pronoms.php
* https://www.po-polsku.fr/pronoms.php
* http://lang.polski.free.fr/index_uk.php
* http://lang.polski.free.fr/index_uk.php
==Videos==
===Polish Grammar - Nominative Case - Possessive Pronouns - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxJOlt9szJM</youtube>
===Polish Grammar - Dative Case - Possessive Pronouns - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNHV7v3sTBU</youtube>
===Polish Grammar - Dative Case - Possessive Pronouns - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S4s_jCAZOY</youtube>
===Polish Grammar - Genitive Case - Possessive Pronouns - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_taWWDsXzNE</youtube>
===Polish Grammar - Nominative Case - Possessive Pronouns - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIGprb7nPYE</youtube>
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adverbs-in-Polish|Adverbs in Polish]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Perfective-and-imperfective-verbs|Perfective and imperfective verbs]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Imperative-Mood|Imperative Mood]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Conditional-Tense|Conditional Tense]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/być-to-be|być to be]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 19:30, 27 March 2023

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