Language/Shona/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives - Revision history

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	* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes\|Noun Classes]]		* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes\|Noun Classes]]
	* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense\|Present Tense]]		* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense\|Present Tense]]


			<span class='maj'></span>
			==Sources==
			* [https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=honorscollege_ling Ideophones in Manyika Shona: A Descriptive Analysis of ...]
			* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2989/16073610209486314 Shona-English code-mixing in the speech of students at the ...]

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	~~<h2>~~Introduction~~</h2>~~		==Introduction==

	In Shona, adjectives are used to describe the qualities and characteristics of nouns. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use descriptive adjectives in Shona, with a focus on their agreement with noun classes. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to describe people, objects, and places using a range of adjectives.		In Shona, adjectives are used to describe the qualities and characteristics of nouns. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use descriptive adjectives in Shona, with a focus on their agreement with noun classes. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to describe people, objects, and places using a range of adjectives.

	<h2>~~Descriptive Adjectives~~</h2>
			<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives\|Comparatives and Superlatives]] & [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be\|How to Use Be]].</span>
			==Descriptive Adjectives==

	In Shona, descriptive adjectives are used to give more information about a noun, such as its size, color, shape, or appearance. Unlike English, where adjectives are placed before the noun, in Shona, they come after the noun they describe. For example:		In Shona, descriptive adjectives are used to give more information about a noun, such as its size, color, shape, or appearance. Unlike English, where adjectives are placed before the noun, in Shona, they come after the noun they describe. For example:
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	In the examples above, "munhu" (person), "murungu" (house), and "mvura" (water) are the nouns being described, while "mutsvene" (tall), "mukuru" (big), and "yemabhodho" (yellow) are the adjectives.		In the examples above, "munhu" (person), "murungu" (house), and "mvura" (water) are the nouns being described, while "mutsvene" (tall), "mukuru" (big), and "yemabhodho" (yellow) are the adjectives.

	~~<h3>~~Noun Class Agreement~~</h3>~~		===Noun Class Agreement===

	One important concept in Shona grammar is noun class agreement. Generally put, adjective agreement will take into account the singular or plural form of the noun, the prefix of the noun class, and the tone pattern of the prefix. Nouns in Shona are divided into different classes or genders, such as the mu-class (singular) and mi-class (plural), the ma-class or zi-class, among others. It is important that an adjective agrees with the noun in terms of class, number, and sometimes tense. For example:		One important concept in Shona grammar is noun class agreement. Generally put, adjective agreement will take into account the singular or plural form of the noun, the prefix of the noun class, and the tone pattern of the prefix. Nouns in Shona are divided into different classes or genders, such as the mu-class (singular) and mi-class (plural), the ma-class or zi-class, among others. It is important that an adjective agrees with the noun in terms of class, number, and sometimes tense. For example:
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	As shown in the examples above, the adjectives agree with the noun class and number of the noun being described. Therefore, when describing a masculine singular noun, mu-class markers and associated adjectives must be used (e.g. "shiri rine asina tsvuku"), while a plural noun for ma-class sets of noun markers and associated adjectives must be used (e.g. "musha unogona kuzvarwa kwekudya tsvina"). Nouns with different noun classes may take different markers and have different adjective agreement parameters.		As shown in the examples above, the adjectives agree with the noun class and number of the noun being described. Therefore, when describing a masculine singular noun, mu-class markers and associated adjectives must be used (e.g. "shiri rine asina tsvuku"), while a plural noun for ma-class sets of noun markers and associated adjectives must be used (e.g. "musha unogona kuzvarwa kwekudya tsvina"). Nouns with different noun classes may take different markers and have different adjective agreement parameters.

	~~<h3>~~Placement of Adjectives~~</h3>~~		===Placement of Adjectives===

	As noted earlier, adjectives in Shona usually follow the noun they describe. In some cases, multiple adjectives are used, separated by the word "ne" (meaning "and"). For example:		As noted earlier, adjectives in Shona usually follow the noun they describe. In some cases, multiple adjectives are used, separated by the word "ne" (meaning "and"). For example:
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	In the examples above, "mumbare" (the house), "murungu" (house), and "vana" (children) are the nouns being described, while "remangwana" (small), "mukuru" (big), "chakakosha" (beautiful), "chichema" (crying), "ne" (and), and "kuti hunhu hwavo hwakatenderwa" (because they were scolded) are the adjectives.		In the examples above, "mumbare" (the house), "murungu" (house), and "vana" (children) are the nouns being described, while "remangwana" (small), "mukuru" (big), "chakakosha" (beautiful), "chichema" (crying), "ne" (and), and "kuti hunhu hwavo hwakatenderwa" (because they were scolded) are the adjectives.

	~~<h3>~~Practice~~</h3>~~		===Practice===

	Now that you've learned about descriptive adjectives in Shona, it's time to practice! Try describing the following items with the appropriate adjectives:		Now that you've learned about descriptive adjectives in Shona, it's time to practice! Try describing the following items with the appropriate adjectives:
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	4. The juicy green apple		4. The juicy green apple

	~~<h2>~~Conclusion~~</h2>~~		==Conclusion==

	Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use descriptive adjectives in Shona. Keep practicing this important aspect of Shona grammar and soon you will be able to describe anything and everything in detail. In the next lesson, you will learn about comparatives and superlatives in Shona, which will allow you to compare and contrast different items using adjectives.		Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use descriptive adjectives in Shona. Keep practicing this important aspect of Shona grammar and soon you will be able to describe anything and everything in detail. In the next lesson, you will learn about comparatives and superlatives in Shona, which will allow you to compare and contrast different items using adjectives.


			<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion\|Give your Opinion]] & [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense\|Present Tense]].</span>
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Descriptive Adjectives</div>

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<h2>Introduction</h2>

In Shona, adjectives are used to describe the qualities and characteristics of nouns. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use descriptive adjectives in Shona, with a focus on their agreement with noun classes. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to describe people, objects, and places using a range of adjectives.

<h2>Descriptive Adjectives</h2>

In Shona, descriptive adjectives are used to give more information about a noun, such as its size, color, shape, or appearance. Unlike English, where adjectives are placed before the noun, in Shona, they come after the noun they describe. For example:

* Mutsvene munhu (a tall person)
* Murungu mukuru (a big house)
* Mvura yemabhodho (yellow water)

In the examples above, "munhu" (person), "murungu" (house), and "mvura" (water) are the nouns being described, while "mutsvene" (tall), "mukuru" (big), and "yemabhodho" (yellow) are the adjectives.

<h3>Noun Class Agreement</h3>

One important concept in Shona grammar is noun class agreement. Generally put, adjective agreement will take into account the singular or plural form of the noun, the prefix of the noun class, and the tone pattern of the prefix. Nouns in Shona are divided into different classes or genders, such as the mu-class (singular) and mi-class (plural), the ma-class or zi-class, among others. It is important that an adjective agrees with the noun in terms of class, number, and sometimes tense. For example:

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| shiri rine asina tsvuku || (ˈʃiri ˈrine a.sina ˈt͡svuku) || a bird without feathers (mu-class)
|-
| musha unogona kuzvarwa kwekudya tsvina || (muʃa uno.ɡo.na ku.ʒvar.wa kwe.kud͡ja ˈt͡svi.na) || a house with good cooking facilities (ma-class)
|-
| vana vakasvova vachembera || (ˈvana va.ka.svo.va va.tʃe.mbera) || children who are always laughing (va-class)
|}

As shown in the examples above, the adjectives agree with the noun class and number of the noun being described. Therefore, when describing a masculine singular noun, mu-class markers and associated adjectives must be used (e.g. "shiri rine asina tsvuku"), while a plural noun for ma-class sets of noun markers and associated adjectives must be used (e.g. "musha unogona kuzvarwa kwekudya tsvina"). Nouns with different noun classes may take different markers and have different adjective agreement parameters.

<h3>Placement of Adjectives</h3>

As noted earlier, adjectives in Shona usually follow the noun they describe. In some cases, multiple adjectives are used, separated by the word "ne" (meaning "and"). For example:

* Gogo remumba remangwana (the small old lady of the house)
* Murungu mukuru nechakakosha (a big house with a beautiful yard)
* Vana vachichema nekuti hunhu hwavo hwakatenderwa (children who are crying because they were scolded)

In the examples above, "mumbare" (the house), "murungu" (house), and "vana" (children) are the nouns being described, while "remangwana" (small), "mukuru" (big), "chakakosha" (beautiful), "chichema" (crying), "ne" (and), and "kuti hunhu hwavo hwakatenderwa" (because they were scolded) are the adjectives.

<h3>Practice</h3>

Now that you've learned about descriptive adjectives in Shona, it's time to practice! Try describing the following items with the appropriate adjectives:

1. The tall tree in the park
2. The small red car
3. The smart young boy
4. The juicy green apple

<h2>Conclusion</h2>

Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use descriptive adjectives in Shona. Keep practicing this important aspect of Shona grammar and soon you will be able to describe anything and everything in detail. In the next lesson, you will learn about comparatives and superlatives in Shona, which will allow you to compare and contrast different items using adjectives.

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|title=Shona Grammar - Adjectives and Adverbs - Descriptive Adjectives
|keywords=Shona, Adjectives, Adverbs, Descriptive Adjectives, Agreement
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use descriptive adjectives in Shona, with a focus on their agreement with noun classes, and how they differ from their English counterparts.
}}

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