Language/Italian/Grammar/Present-Subjunctive - Revision history

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	The present subjunctive is a mood, that is, a grammatical feature of the Italian language that allows the speaker to express a range of attitudes towards what is being said. The present subjunctive is used in subordinate clauses to express necessity, possibility, doubt or uncertainty, and emotion. It is therefore an important tool for speakers of Italian who wish to express themselves with precision and nuance. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present subjunctive in Italian.		The present subjunctive is a mood, that is, a grammatical feature of the Italian language that allows the speaker to express a range of attitudes towards what is being said. The present subjunctive is used in subordinate clauses to express necessity, possibility, doubt or uncertainty, and emotion. It is therefore an important tool for speakers of Italian who wish to express themselves with precision and nuance. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present subjunctive in Italian.


			<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Italian\|Definite Articles in Italian]] & [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Accents\|Accents]].</span>
	== Formation ==		== Formation ==
	To form the present subjunctive, you add the appropriate endings to the stem of the verb. The stem is obtained by removing the -are, -ere or -ire ending from the infinitive form of the verb. Here are the endings for each conjugation:		To form the present subjunctive, you add the appropriate endings to the stem of the verb. The stem is obtained by removing the -are, -ere or -ire ending from the infinitive form of the verb. Here are the endings for each conjugation:
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	# We doubt that he knows how to swim.		# We doubt that he knows how to swim.
	# It's important that you (formal) understand.		# It's important that you (formal) understand.


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	[[Category:Italian-0-to-A1-Course]]		[[Category:Italian-0-to-A1-Course]]

			==Other Lessons==
	==~~Related~~ Lessons==
	* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Past-Tense\|Past Tense]]		* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Past-Tense\|Past Tense]]
	* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Nouns-and-Articles\|Nouns and Articles]]		* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Nouns-and-Articles\|Nouns and Articles]]
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	* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Plurals\|Plurals]]		* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Plurals\|Plurals]]
	* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Italian\|Past Participle in Italian]]		* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Italian\|Past Participle in Italian]]



	==Videos==		==Videos==
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	# It's important that you (formal) understand.		# It's important that you (formal) understand.

	== Sources ==
	* [https://en.~~wikipedia~~.~~org~~/~~wiki~~/~~Italian_verbs~~ Italian ~~verbs~~]		<span class='maj'></span>
	* [https://en.~~wikipedia~~.~~org~~/~~wiki~~/~~Italian_grammar~~ Italian ~~grammar~~]		==Sources==
			* [https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-present-subjunctive-tense-2011711 Understanding the Italian Present Subjunctive Tense]
			* [https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/us/italian-easy-learning/how-do-you-form-the-present-subjunctive-in-italian How do you form the present subjunctive in Italian? - Grammar]
			* [https://www.fluentu.com/blog/italian/italian-subjunctive/ The Infamous Italian Subjunctive: A User's Manual \| FluentU Italian]

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 * [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Italian|Past Participle in Italian]]
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<div class="pg_page_title">Italian Grammar - Subjunctive and Imperative Moods > Present Subjunctive</div>

__TOC__

The present subjunctive is a mood, that is, a grammatical feature of the Italian language that allows the speaker to express a range of attitudes towards what is being said. The present subjunctive is used in subordinate clauses to express necessity, possibility, doubt or uncertainty, and emotion. It is therefore an important tool for speakers of Italian who wish to express themselves with precision and nuance. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present subjunctive in Italian.

== Formation ==
To form the present subjunctive, you add the appropriate endings to the stem of the verb. The stem is obtained by removing the -are, -ere or -ire ending from the infinitive form of the verb. Here are the endings for each conjugation:

*Verbs ending in -are:

{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || -i
|-
| tu || -i
|-
| egli/ella || -i
|-
| noi || -iamo
|-
| voi || -iate
|-
| essi/esse || -ino
|}

*Verbs ending in -ere and -ire:

{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || -a
|-
| tu || -a
|-
| egli/ella || -a
|-
| noi || -iamo
|-
| voi || -iate
|-
| essi/esse || -ano
|}

Here are some examples:

*For the verb "parlare" (to speak):

{| class="wikitable"
! Italian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| che io parli || ké io pàrli || that I speak
|-
| che tu parli || ké tu pàrli || that you speak
|-
| che egli/ella parli || ké èlli/élla pàrli || that he/she speaks
|-
| che noi parliamo || ké nòi parlìamo || that we speak
|-
| che voi parliate || ké voi parlìate || that you (plural) speak
|-
| che essi/esse parlino || ké èssi/èsse parlìno || that they speak
|}

*For the verb "aprire" (to open):

{| class="wikitable"
! Italian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| che io apra || ké io àpra || that I open
|-
| che tu apra || ké tu àpra || that you open
|-
| che egli/ella apra || ké èlli/élla àpra || that he/she opens
|-
| che noi apriamo || ké nòi aprìamo || that we open
|-
| che voi aprite || ké voi aprìte || that you (plural) open
|-
| che essi/esse aprano || ké èssi/èsse àprano || that they open
|}

== Uses ==
The present subjunctive is used after certain conjunctions, such as "che" (that), "senza che" (without), "a meno che" (unless), "prima che" (before), "dopo che" (after), "purche" (provided that), "benché" (although), "sebbene" (although), "affinché" (so that), and "perché" (that, so that).

Here are some examples:

*Che io parli italiano.
(That I speak Italian.)

*Prima che tu parta.
(Before you leave.)

*Dopo che egli mangi.
(After he eats.)

In addition, the present subjunctive is used in various idiomatic expressions, such as "bisogna che" (it's necessary that), "è meglio che" (it's better that), "è importante che" (it's important that), "credo che" (I believe that), and "penso che" (I think that).

Here are some examples:

*Bisogna che noi studiamo.
(It's necessary that we study.)

*È meglio che voi partiate.
(It's better that you (plural) leave.)

*È importante che loro capiscano.
(It's important that they understand.)

== Irregular forms ==
There are a few verbs that are irregular in the present subjunctive. Some of the most common ones are:

*Essere (to be):

{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || sia
|-
| tu || sia
|-
| egli/ella || sia
|-
| noi || siamo
|-
| voi || siate
|-
| essi/esse || siano
|}

*Avere (to have):

{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || abbia
|-
| tu || abbia
|-
| egli/ella || abbia
|-
| noi || abbiamo
|-
| voi || abbiate
|-
| essi/esse || abbiano
|}

*Dovere (to have to):

{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || debba
|-
| tu || debba
|-
| egli/ella || debba
|-
| noi || dobbiamo
|-
| voi || dobbiate
|-
| essi/esse || debbano
|}

*Potere (to be able to):

{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || possa
|-
| tu || possa
|-
| egli/ella || possa
|-
| noi || possiamo
|-
| voi || possiate
|-
| essi/esse || possano
|}

*Venire (to come):

{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || venga
|-
| tu || venga
|-
| egli/ella || venga
|-
| noi || veniamo
|-
| voi || veniate
|-
| essi/esse || vengano
|}

== Exercises ==
*Translate the following sentences into Italian, using the present subjunctive:

# I hope that she comes.
# It's necessary that they study.
# Unless you eat, you will be hungry.
# We doubt that he knows how to swim.
# It's important that you (formal) understand.

== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_verbs Italian verbs]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_grammar Italian grammar]

{{#seo:
|title=Italian Grammar - Subjunctive and Imperative Moods > Present Subjunctive
|keywords=Italian, Grammar, Subjunctive, Imperative, Moods, Present Subjunctive, Italian course
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present subjunctive in Italian.
}}

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