Polyglot Club WIKI - User contributions [en]

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-04-02T08:22:37Z

Verni:

== How to form the perfect (regular verbs) ==
To form the perfect tense, you use the auxiliary 'haben' and the past participle. The past participle is usually formed by adding the prefix "ge" and the ending "t" to the verb stem.

Example: kaufen (to buy)
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Present Tense
! colspan="3" |'''Perfect Tense'''
|-
!''Pronoun''
!''Verb''
!''Pronoun''
!''Auxiliary''
!''Participle''
|-
|ich
|kaufe
|ich
|habe
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|du
|kaufst
|du
|hast
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|er/sie/es
|kauft
|er/sie/es
|hat
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|wir
|kaufen
|wir
|haben
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|ihr
|kauft
|ihr
|habt
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|sie
|kaufen
|sie
|haben
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|}
Some verbs form the perfect tense with the auxiliary „sein“. Those are usually verbs of movement.

Example: hüpfen (to jump)
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Present Tense
! colspan="3" |'''Perfect Tense'''
|-
!''Pronoun''
!''Verb''
!''Pronoun''
!''Auxiliary''
!''Participle''
|-
|ich
|hüpfe
|ich
|bin
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|du
|hüpfst
|du
|bist
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|er/sie/es
|hüpft
|er/sie/es
|ist
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|wir
|hüpfen
|wir
|sind
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|ihr
|hüpft
|ihr
|seid
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|sie
|hüpfen
|sie
|sind
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|}

== Specifics ==
It is typical for the German language that we construct words like in a modular system. So quite a few verbs exist not only in their basic form, but also with a prefix that changes their meaning. <blockquote>Example: kaufen (to buy), abkaufen (to buy sth. from so.), aufkaufen (to buy out), einkaufen (to buy, to shop), verkaufen (to sell), zukaufen (to buy something in addition)</blockquote>Some of the prefixes are dropped when the verb is the main verb in the main sentence.<blockquote>Example: einkaufen --> ich kaufe ein.</blockquote>These verbs form the participle by putting the "ge" between the prefix and the verb stem. <blockquote>Example: einkaufen --> ich kaufe ein --> ich habe ein'''ge'''kauft.</blockquote>Other prefixes are strictly attached to the verb stem. <blockquote>Example: verkaufen --> ich verkaufe.</blockquote>Those verbs don't add "ge" at all.<blockquote>Example: verkaufen --> ich verkaufe --> Ich habe verkauft.</blockquote>

== Irregular Verbs ==
For verbs, dictionaries always give you the past tense and past participle forms in addition to the infinitive. Some do this for all verbs, some only for the irregular ones.

Example regular verb: hüpfen (jump), hüpfte, gehüft

Example irregular verb: fahren (drive), fuhr, gefahren

With irregular verbs, it's important that you learn these three forms. The participle of irregular verbs usually differs from the regular ones by ending in "en" and/or changes the vowel in the stem.

Examples:

rennen (ran), rannte, ger'''a'''nnt

schwimmen (swim,) schwamm, geschw'''o'''mm'''en'''

== How to use the perfect tense ==
The perfect is the most used form of the past tense in German. In fact, in the spoken language you only use the perfect tense with the exception of the verbs "haben", "sein", "denken", "finden" and the modal verbs

(dürfen, können, mögen, müssen, sollen, wollen), which are often (but not necessarily) used in simple past. In written language, the perfect tense is dominant in all non-literary texts (e.g. correspondence, diaries, reports).

==Videos==

===How to build the German Past Tense - PART 1 - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX1av7mPUl8</youtube>

===Learn German | Perfekt | Past tense | Part 1 | German for beginners ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKLK6gBM_qI</youtube>

===PART 1 | Learn German grammar: das Perfekt | the past tense ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6fzIBj7J7c</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Simple-negative-sentences|Simple negative sentences]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-German|Indefinite Articles in German]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-be|How to Use be]]

Language/German/Grammar/Future-Tense

2023-03-30T12:35:42Z

Verni: corrections in content

[[File:learn-german-polyglot-club2.jpg|thumb]]
== How to express the future in German ==
Future Tense in German is expressed quite similar to their English counterparts with the auxiliary verb ”werden” (devenir en français).

This verb has 2 meanings: As a full verb, it means development and growth, but it’s also the explicit future form of the only verb that actually has a future of its own - the auxiliary verb ”sein” (to be).

* So the future I of a verb is formed by <code>werden + infinitiv of the verb itself</code>;
* future II is formed with <code>werden + particip perfect of the verb + haben</code> or with <code>werden + particip perfect of the verb + sein.</code>(Whether you need to use "haben" or "sein" depends on which auxiliary verb is used to form the perfect.)

=== Example with to laugh (lachen): ===
*'''Present tense''': Ich lache, du lachst, er/sie/es lacht, wir lachen, ihr lacht, sie lachen.
* '''Future I''': Ich werde lachen, du wirst lachen, er wird lachen, wir werden lachen, ihr werdet lachen, sie werden lachen.
*'''Future II''': Ich werde gelacht haben, du wirst gelacht haben, er wird gelacht haben, wir werden gelacht haben, ihr werdet gelacht haben, sie werden gelacht haben.

=== Example with to go (gehen): ===

*'''Present tense''': Ich gehe, du gehst, er geht, wir gehen, ihr geht, sie gehen.
* '''Future I''': Ich werde gehen, du wirst gehen, er wird gehen, wir werden gehen, ihr werdet gehen, sie werden gehen
*'''Future II''': Ich werde gegangen sein, du wirst gegangen sein, er wird gegangen sein, wir werden gegangen sein, ihr werdet gegangen sein, sie werden gegangen sein.

Also, the reason for these constructions is quite simple.

The Germanic language family (les langues germanophones) lacked future forms. Their need came with the translation of the bible, about the 7th century, when the translation of prophecies of the end of the world required a temporal form of expressing events in the future, the monks used the complete verb ”werden” (in german) and will/shall (in English).

==='''Table with the finalizations in the Future tense'''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!'''<big>English</big>'''
! '''<big>German</big>'''
|-
|I will ...
|[pronoun] + werde + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|You will ...
|[pronoun] + wirst + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|He/she/it will ...
|[pronoun] + wird + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|We will ...
|[pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
| You will ...
|[pronoun] + werdet + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|They will ...
|[pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]
|}

==Examples==

==='''Verb : to work: arbeiten'''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|I
|will work
|Ich
|werde arbeiten
|-
|You
|will work
|Du
|wirst arbeiten
|-
|He/she/it
|will work
|Er/sie/es
|wird arbeiten
|-
|We
|will work
|Wir
|werden arbeiten
|-
|You (plur)
|will work
|Ihr
|werdet arbeiten
|-
|They
| will work
|Sie
|werden arbeiten
|}

==='''Verb : to buy: kaufen'''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|I
|will buy
|Ich
|werde kaufen
|-
|You
|will buy
|Du
|wirst kaufen
|-
|He/she/it
|will buy
|Er/sie/es
|wird kaufen
|-
|We
|will buy
|Wir
|werden kaufen
|-
|You (plur)
|will buy
|Ihr
|werdet kaufen
|-
|They
| will buy
|Sie
|werden kaufen
|}

==='''Verb : to come: ankommen'''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|I
|will come
|Ich
|werde ankomen
|-
|You
|will come
|Du
|wirst ankomen
|-
|He/she/it
|will come
|Er/sie/es
|wird ankomen
|-
|We
|will come
|Wir
|werden ankomen
|-
|You (plur)
|will come
| Ihr
|werdet ankomen
|-
|They
| will come
|Sie
|werden ankomen
|}

==='''Verb : to help: helfen'''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|I
|will help
|Ich
|werde helfen
|-
|You
|will help
|Du
|wirst helfen
|-
|He/she/it
|will help
|Er/sie/es
|wird helfen
|-
|We
| will help
|Wir
|werden helfen
|-
|You (plur)
|will help
|Ihr
|werdet helfen
|-
|They
|will help
|Sie
|werden helfen
|}

==='''Verb : to let: lassen'''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|I
|will let
|Ich
|werde lassen
|-
|You
|will let
|Du
|wirst lassen
|-
|He/she/it
|will let
|Er/sie/es
|wird lassen
|-
|We
|will let
|Wir
|werden lassen
|-
|You (plur)
|will let
|Ihr
|werdet lassen
|-
|They
|will let
|Sie
|werden lassen
|}

==Videos==
===The Future Tense in German===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfuPxqM1jHU</youtube>
===German Future Tense Tutorial===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01Pl9YCU9_0</youtube>

==Sources==

*https://polyglotclub.com/language.php?question_id=38126
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfuPxqM1jHU
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01Pl9YCU9_0

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-German|Past Participle in German]]
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Objects|Objects]]
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Imperative-Tense|Imperative Tense]]
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-German|Definite Articles in German]]
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Common-Mistakes|Common Mistakes]]
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Simple-negative-sentences|Simple negative sentences]]
*[[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-03-30T12:06:27Z

Verni: Paragraph "Irregular Verbs" completed.

=== How to form the perfect (regular verbs) ===
To form the perfect tense, you use the auxiliary 'haben' and the past participle. The past participle is usually formed by adding the prefix "ge" and the ending "t" to the verb stem.

Example: kaufen (to buy)
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |Present Tense
|
|
||
| colspan="3" |'''Perfect Tense'''
|-
|''Pronoun''
|''Verb''
|
|
|
|''Pronoun''
|''Auxiliary''
|''Participle''
|-
|ich
|kaufe
|
|
|
|ich
|habe
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|du
|kaufst
|
|
|
|du
|hast
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|er/sie/es
|kauft
|
|
|
|er/sie/es
|hat
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|wir
|kaufen
|
|
|
|wir
|haben
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|ihr
|kauft
|
|
|
|ihr
|habt
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|-
|sie
|kaufen
|
|
|
|sie
|haben
|'''ge'''kauf'''t'''
|}
Some verbs form the perfect tense with the auxiliary „sein“. Those are usually verbs of movement.

Example: hüpfen (to jump)
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |Present Tense
|
|
||
| colspan="3" |'''Perfect Tense'''
|-
|''Pronoun''
|''Verb''
|
|
|
|''Pronoun''
|''Auxiliary''
|''Participle''
|-
|ich
|hüpfe
|
|
|
|ich
|bin
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|du
|hüpfst
|
|
|
|du
|bist
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|er/sie/es
|hüpft
|
|
|
|er/sie/es
|ist
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|wir
|hüpfen
|
|
|
|wir
|sind
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|ihr
|hüpft
|
|
|
|ihr
|seid
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|-
|sie
|hüpfen
|
|
|
|sie
|sind
|'''ge'''hüpf'''t'''
|}

==== Specifics ====
It is typical for the German language that we construct words like in a modular system. So quite a few verbs exist not only in their basic form, but also with a prefix that changes their meaning. <blockquote>Example: kaufen (to buy), abkaufen (to buy sth. from so.), aufkaufen (to buy out), einkaufen (to buy, to shop), verkaufen (to sell), zukaufen (to buy something in addition)</blockquote>Some of the prefixes are dropped when the verb is the main verb in the main sentence.<blockquote>Example: einkaufen --> ich kaufe ein.</blockquote>These verbs form the participle by putting the "ge" between the prefix and the verb stem. <blockquote>Example: einkaufen --> ich kaufe ein --> ich habe ein'''ge'''kauft.</blockquote>Other prefixes are strictly attached to the verb stem. <blockquote>Example: verkaufen --> ich verkaufe.</blockquote>Those verbs don't add "ge" at all.<blockquote>Example: verkaufen --> ich verkaufe --> Ich habe verkauft.</blockquote>

=== Irregular Verbs ===
For verbs, dictionaries always give you the past tense and past participle forms in addition to the infinitive. Some do this for all verbs, some only for the irregular ones.

Example regular verb: hüpfen (jump), hüpfte, gehüft

Example irregular verb: fahren (drive), fuhr, gefahren

With irregular verbs, it's important that you learn these three forms. The participle of irregular verbs usually differs from the regular ones by ending in "en" and/or changes the vowel in the stem.

Examples:

rennen (ran), rannte, ger'''a'''nnt

schwimmen (swim,) schwamm, geschw'''o'''mm'''en'''

=== How to use the perfect tense ===
The perfect is the most used form of the past tense in German. In fact, in the spoken language you only use the perfect tense with the exception of the verbs "haben", "sein", "denken", "finden" and the modal verbs

(dürfen, können, mögen, müssen, sollen, wollen), which are often (but not necessarily) used in simple past. In written language, the perfect tense is dominant in all non-literary texts (e.g. correspondence, diaries, reports).

==Videos==

===How to build the German Past Tense - PART 1 - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX1av7mPUl8</youtube>

===Learn German | Perfekt | Past tense | Part 1 | German for beginners ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKLK6gBM_qI</youtube>

===PART 1 | Learn German grammar: das Perfekt | the past tense ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6fzIBj7J7c</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Simple-negative-sentences|Simple negative sentences]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-German|Indefinite Articles in German]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-be|How to Use be]]

* [[Language/German/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-02-14T19:48:06Z

Verni: supplement

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-02-12T21:20:16Z

Verni: new passages - will be further continued

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-02-12T20:25:17Z

Verni:

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-02-12T20:21:14Z

Verni:

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-02-12T20:17:46Z

Verni: Chapter startet - will be continued

Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense-—-Part-1-—-Perfect-Tense

2023-02-12T19:17:22Z

Verni: Neu angelegt

=== How to form the perfect ===
To form the perfect tense, you use the auxiliary 'haben' and the past participle. The past participle is usually formed by adding the prefix "ge" and the ending "t" to the verb stem.

Example: kaufen (to buy)