Polyglot Club WIKI - User contributions [en]

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Hanised-Texts

2025-08-31T11:50:42Z

Sybille:

{{Han-script}}

Hi, polyglots.

In this page we will see transcribed works into the Han script system Common Semantic Writing (公義書).

== Chanson d’automne 歌屬秋 ==
{| class="wikitable"
!original text
!Hanised text
!Chinese literal translation
|-
|<big><big>
Les sanglots longs

Des violons

: De l’automne

Blessent mon coeur

D’une langueur

: Monotone.
</big></big>
|<big><big>
<ruby>其冠<rt>Les</rt></ruby>
<ruby>啜名複<rt>sanglots</rt></ruby>
<ruby>久形<rt>longs</rt></ruby>

<ruby>屬其介冠<rt>Des</rt></ruby>
<ruby>小提琴名複<rt>violons</rt></ruby>

: <ruby>屬介<rt>De</rt></ruby> <ruby>其秋冠名<rt>l'automne</rt></ruby>

<ruby>傷動三複<rt>Blessent</rt></ruby>
<ruby>我定擁<rt>mon</rt></ruby>
<ruby>心名<rt>coeur</rt></ruby>

<ruby>屬一介冠<rt>D'une</rt></ruby>
<ruby>消沉名<rt>langueur</rt></ruby>
: <ruby>單調形<rt>Monotone</rt></ruby> 。
|秋
小提琴

: 久啜

傷我

單調

: 消沉心。
|-
|<big><big>
Tout suffocant

Et blême, quand

: Sonne l'heure,

Je me souviens

Des jours anciens

: Et je pleure;
</big></big>
|<big><big>
<ruby>全然副<rt>Tout</rt></ruby>
<ruby>窒息形<rt>suffocant</rt></ruby>

<ruby>而連<rt>Et</rt></ruby>
<ruby>蒼白形<rt>blême</rt></ruby>
，
<ruby>其時連<rt>quand</rt></ruby>

: <ruby>響動三<rt>Sonne</rt></ruby> <ruby>其時冠名<rt>l'heure</rt></ruby> ，

<ruby>我代<rt>Je</rt></ruby>
<ruby>我代對<rt>me</rt></ruby>
<ruby>憶動<rt>souviens</rt></ruby>

<ruby>些許冠<rt>Des</rt></ruby>
<ruby>日名複<rt>jours</rt></ruby>
<ruby>舊形<rt>anciens</rt></ruby>

: <ruby>而連<rt>Et</rt></ruby> <ruby>我代<rt>je</rt></ruby> <ruby>泣動<rt>pleure</rt></ruby> ；
|響時
全然窒息

: 蒼白，

我憶

些許舊日

: 而泣；
|-
|<big><big>
Et je m'en vais

Au vent mauvais

: Qui m'emporte

Deçà, delà,

Pareil à la

: Feuille morte.
</big></big>
|<big><big>
<ruby>而遦<rt>Et</rt></ruby>
<ruby>我代<rt>je</rt></ruby>
<ruby>我於代對介<rt>m'en</rt></ruby>
<ruby>前行動<rt>vais</rt></ruby>

<ruby>向其介冠<rt>Au</rt></ruby>
<ruby>風名<rt>vent</rt></ruby>
<ruby>惡形<rt>mauvais</rt></ruby>

: <ruby>彼連<rt>Qui</rt></ruby> <ruby>我攜代對動<rt>m'emporte</rt></ruby>

<ruby>此方副<rt>Deçà</rt></ruby>
,
<ruby>彼方副<rt>delà</rt></ruby>
,

<ruby>如形<rt>Pareil</rt></ruby>
<ruby>狀介<rt>à la</rt></ruby>

: <ruby>葉名<rt>Feuille</rt></ruby> <ruby>死形<rt>morte</rt></ruby> 。
|而惡風
攜我

: 前行

向此彼

狀如

: 死葉。
|}

== Er ist’s 他在彼處 ==
{| class="wikitable"
!original text
!Hanised text
!Chinese literal translation
|-
|<big><big>
Frühling lässt sein blaues Band

Wieder flattern durch die Lüfte;

Süße, wohlbekannte Düfte

Streifen ahnungsvoll das Land.

Veilchen träumen schon,

Wollen balde kommen.

- Horch, von fern ein leiser Harfenton!

: Frühling, ja du bist's!

Dich hab ich vernommen!
</big></big>
|<big><big>
<ruby>春名<rt>Frühling</rt></ruby>
<ruby>留下動三<rt>lässt</rt></ruby>
<ruby>其代擁<rt>sein</rt></ruby>
<ruby>藍形<rt>blaues</rt></ruby>
<ruby>條帶名<rt>Band</rt></ruby>

<ruby>又副<rt>Wieder</rt></ruby>
<ruby>撲搧動<rt>flattern</rt></ruby>
<ruby>貫介<rt>durch</rt></ruby>
<ruby>其冠<rt>die</rt></ruby>
<ruby>空氣名複<rt>Lüfte</rt></ruby>
；

<ruby>甘甜形<rt>Süße</rt></ruby>
，
<ruby>周知形<rt>wohlbekannte</rt></ruby>
<ruby>芬芳名複<rt>Düfte</rt></ruby>

<ruby>擦刷動三複<rt>Streifen</rt></ruby>
<ruby>期望副<rt>ahnungsvoll</rt></ruby>
<ruby>其冠<rt>das</rt></ruby>
<ruby>地名<rt>Land</rt></ruby>
。

<ruby>堇菜名<rt>Veilchen</rt></ruby>
<ruby>睡夢動三複<rt>träumen</rt></ruby>
<ruby>已副<rt>schon</rt></ruby>
，

<ruby>綿茸名<rt>Wollen</rt></ruby>
<ruby>快步副<rt>balde</rt></ruby>
<ruby>來動三複<rt>kommen</rt></ruby>
。

—
<ruby>細聽動令<rt>Horch</rt></ruby>
，
<ruby>從介<rt>von</rt></ruby>
<ruby>遠方形<rt>fern</rt></ruby>
<ruby>一冠<rt>ein</rt></ruby>
<ruby>些微形<rt>leiser</rt></ruby>
<ruby>豎琴聲名<rt>Harfenton</rt></ruby>
！

: <ruby>春名<rt>Frühling</rt></ruby>，<ruby>實然副<rt>ja</rt></ruby> <ruby>你代<rt>du</rt></ruby> <ruby>在彼處動係代<rt>bist's</rt></ruby>！

<ruby>你代對<rt>Dich</rt></ruby>
<ruby>訖動<rt>hab</rt></ruby>
<ruby>我代<rt>ich</rt></ruby>
<ruby>聽聞動去分<rt>vernommen</rt></ruby>
！
</big></big>
|春留下藍條帶
又撲搧空氣；

甘甜、周知的芬芳

期望之然擦刷大地。

堇菜已睡夢，

綿茸快步來。

—細聽，遠方些微豎琴聲！

: 春，你實然在彼處！

我聽到了你！
|}

== Szabadság, szerelem! 自由，愛情！ ==
{| class="wikitable"
!original text
!Hanised text
!Chinese literal translation
|-
|<big><big>
Szabadság, szerelem!

E kettő kell nekem.

Szerelmemért föláldozom

Az életet,

Szabadságért föláldozom

Szerelmemet.
</big></big>
|<big><big>
<ruby>自由名<rt>Szabadság</rt></ruby>
，
<ruby>愛情名<rt>szerelem</rt></ruby>
！

<ruby>此定<rt>E</rt></ruby>
<ruby>兩數<rt>kettő</rt></ruby>
<ruby>需動<rt>kell</rt></ruby>
<ruby>於我代<rt>nekem</rt></ruby>
。

<ruby>我愛情爲名因<rt>Szerelmemért</rt></ruby>
<ruby>我犠牲動<rt>föláldozom</rt></ruby>

<ruby>其冠<rt>Az</rt></ruby>
<ruby>生命名對<rt>életet</rt></ruby>
，

<ruby>我自由爲名因<rt>Szabadságért</rt></ruby>
<ruby>我犠牲動<rt>föláldozom</rt></ruby>

<ruby>我愛情名對<rt>Szerelmemet</rt></ruby>
。
</big></big>
|自由，愛情！
我需此兩者。

我爲愛情犠牲生命，

我爲自由犠牲愛情。
|}

{{Han-script}}

Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verbs---Future-Tense

2024-05-31T22:36:47Z

Sybille: /* Using the Future Tense */

{{Ukrainian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Ukrainian|Ukrainian]] → [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Grammar → Verbs - Future Tense</div>

__TOC__

== Introduction ==

In this lesson, we will explore the future tense verbs in the Ukrainian language. The future tense is used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. By learning how to form and use future tense verbs, you will be able to express your plans, intentions, and predictions in Ukrainian.

We will cover both regular and irregular verbs in the future tense, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of how to use this important grammatical structure. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently construct sentences in the future tense and communicate your future actions and intentions in Ukrainian.

== Regular Verbs ==

Regular verbs in Ukrainian follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the future tense. To form the future tense of regular verbs, you need to use future tense of the verb "to be" ("бути") and add the main verb in an infinitive form.

First, we need to know how to conjugate verb "to be" in future tense.

* Я - буду (I will)
* Ти - будеш (You will)
* Він/Вона/Воно - буде (He/She/It will)
* Ми - будемо (We will)
* Ви - будете (You will)
* Вони - будуть (They will)

Now we can add the infinitive of the main verb and what we get is conjugation of the main verb in future tense.

Let's take a look at the future tense conjugation of the regular verb "говорити" (to speak):

{| class="wikitable"
! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Я буду говорити || Ya budu hovoryty || I will speak
|-
| Ти будеш говорити || Ty budeš hovoryty || You will speak (informal)
|-
| Він/Вона/Воно буде говорити || Vin/Vona/Vono bude hovoryty || He/She/It will speak
|-
| Ми будемо говорити || My budemo hovoryty || We will speak
|-
| Ви будете говорити || Vy budete hovoryty || You will speak (formal/plural)
|-
| Вони будуть говорити || Vony budut' hovoryty || They will speak
|}

To conjugate other regular verbs in the future tense, simply add their infinitive form to the future form of "to be".

== Irregular Verbs ==

While regular verbs in Ukrainian follow a predictable pattern in the future tense, irregular verbs do not. Irregular verbs have unique conjugation patterns that need to be memorized. In this section, we will explore some common irregular verbs in the future tense and how to conjugate them.

Let's look at the future tense conjugation of the irregular verb "бути" (to be):

{| class="wikitable"
! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Я буду || Ya budu || I will be
|-
| Ти будеш || Ty budeš || You will be (informal)
|-
| Він/Вона/Воно буде || Vin/Vona/Vono bude || He/She/It will be
|-
| Ми будемо || My budemo || We will be
|-
| Ви будете || Vy budete || You will be (formal/plural)
|-
| Вони будуть || Vony budut' || They will be
|}

As you can see from the table above, the verb "бути" has a unique future tense conjugation pattern. It is important to memorize this pattern as it does not follow the regular verb conjugation rules.

Here are some other common irregular verbs in the future tense:

{| class="wikitable"
! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| робити || robyty || to do
|-
| мати || maty || to have
|-
| йти || yty || to go
|-
| знати || znaty || to know
|-
| хотіти || hotity || to want
|}

To conjugate irregular verbs in the future tense, you need to memorize their unique conjugation patterns. Practice using these verbs in sentences to familiarize yourself with their usage.

== Using the Future Tense ==

Now that you have learned how to form the future tense in Ukrainian, let's explore some common ways to use it in sentences.

===1. Expressing Future Actions:===

The future tense is most commonly used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. For example:

- Я буду готувати вечерю. (Ya budu hotuvaty vecheru) - I will cook dinner.

- Вона буде вчитися на медсестру. (Vona bude vchytsya na medsestru) - She will study to become a nurse.

- Ви будете подорожувати до Франції. (Vy budete podorozhuvaty do Frantsii) - You will travel to France.

===2. Making Predictions:===

The future tense can also be used to make predictions about the future. For example:

- Завтра буде сонячно. (Zavtra bude sonyachno) - It will be sunny tomorrow.

- Вони будуть щасливі разом. (Vony budut' shchaslyvi razom) - They will be happy together.

- Ти будеш успішним. (Ty budeš uspishnym) - You will be successful.

===3. Talking about Plans and Intentions:===

The future tense is commonly used to talk about plans and intentions for the future. For example:

- Ми будемо відпочивати на морі. (My budemo vidpochyvaty na mori) - We will relax at the seaside.

- Я буду вчитися на вчителя. (Ya budu vchytsya na vchytelya) - I will study to become a teacher.

- Вона буде робити бізнес. (Vona bude robyty biznes) - She will start a business.

Remember to conjugate the verb in the future tense according to the subject of the sentence. Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern, while irregular verbs have unique conjugation patterns that need to be memorized.

== Practice Exercise ==

Conjugate the following regular verbs in the future tense:

1. грати (to play)

2. писати (to write)

3. читати (to read)

4. співати (to sing)

5. танцювати (to dance)

== Conclusion ==

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use future tense verbs in Ukrainian. In this lesson, we covered both regular and irregular verbs in the future tense, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of this important grammatical structure.

By practicing the conjugation of regular and irregular verbs in the future tense and using them in sentences, you will continue to improve your Ukrainian language skills. Keep practicing and exploring the fascinating world of Ukrainian grammar and culture!

{{#seo:
|title=Ukrainian Grammar → Basic Grammar → Verbs - Future Tense
|keywords=Ukrainian grammar, future tense verbs, regular verbs, irregular verbs, Ukrainian language
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use future tense verbs in Ukrainian, including regular and irregular verbs. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently construct sentences in the future tense and communicate your future actions and intentions in Ukrainian.
}}

{{Ukrainian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Ukrainian-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Ukrainian-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Videos==

===Imperative Mood in Ukrainian: grammar and practice | 70+ VERBS ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9WyAebMk2U</youtube>

==Sources==
* [https://www.ukrainianlessons.com/grammar-future/ Future tense in Ukrainian - Майбутній час - Ukrainian Lessons]
* [https://ukrainiangrammar.com/article/43.html When to use different forms of the future tense? — Ukrainian Grammar]

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verbs---Past-Tense|Verbs Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-time,-place,-intention-and-cause|Adverbs of time, place, intention and cause]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Past-imperfective-Tense|Past imperfective Tense]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Possessive-pronouns|Possessive pronouns]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verb-to-like|Verb to like]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Adjectives and Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]

{{Ukrainian-Page-Bottom}}

Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verbs---Future-Tense

2024-05-31T22:36:18Z

Sybille:

{{Ukrainian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Ukrainian|Ukrainian]] → [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Grammar → Verbs - Future Tense</div>

__TOC__

== Introduction ==

In this lesson, we will explore the future tense verbs in the Ukrainian language. The future tense is used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. By learning how to form and use future tense verbs, you will be able to express your plans, intentions, and predictions in Ukrainian.

We will cover both regular and irregular verbs in the future tense, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of how to use this important grammatical structure. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently construct sentences in the future tense and communicate your future actions and intentions in Ukrainian.

== Regular Verbs ==

Regular verbs in Ukrainian follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the future tense. To form the future tense of regular verbs, you need to use future tense of the verb "to be" ("бути") and add the main verb in an infinitive form.

First, we need to know how to conjugate verb "to be" in future tense.

* Я - буду (I will)
* Ти - будеш (You will)
* Він/Вона/Воно - буде (He/She/It will)
* Ми - будемо (We will)
* Ви - будете (You will)
* Вони - будуть (They will)

Now we can add the infinitive of the main verb and what we get is conjugation of the main verb in future tense.

Let's take a look at the future tense conjugation of the regular verb "говорити" (to speak):

{| class="wikitable"
! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Я буду говорити || Ya budu hovoryty || I will speak
|-
| Ти будеш говорити || Ty budeš hovoryty || You will speak (informal)
|-
| Він/Вона/Воно буде говорити || Vin/Vona/Vono bude hovoryty || He/She/It will speak
|-
| Ми будемо говорити || My budemo hovoryty || We will speak
|-
| Ви будете говорити || Vy budete hovoryty || You will speak (formal/plural)
|-
| Вони будуть говорити || Vony budut' hovoryty || They will speak
|}

To conjugate other regular verbs in the future tense, simply add their infinitive form to the future form of "to be".

== Irregular Verbs ==

While regular verbs in Ukrainian follow a predictable pattern in the future tense, irregular verbs do not. Irregular verbs have unique conjugation patterns that need to be memorized. In this section, we will explore some common irregular verbs in the future tense and how to conjugate them.

Let's look at the future tense conjugation of the irregular verb "бути" (to be):

{| class="wikitable"
! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Я буду || Ya budu || I will be
|-
| Ти будеш || Ty budeš || You will be (informal)
|-
| Він/Вона/Воно буде || Vin/Vona/Vono bude || He/She/It will be
|-
| Ми будемо || My budemo || We will be
|-
| Ви будете || Vy budete || You will be (formal/plural)
|-
| Вони будуть || Vony budut' || They will be
|}

As you can see from the table above, the verb "бути" has a unique future tense conjugation pattern. It is important to memorize this pattern as it does not follow the regular verb conjugation rules.

Here are some other common irregular verbs in the future tense:

{| class="wikitable"
! Ukrainian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| робити || robyty || to do
|-
| мати || maty || to have
|-
| йти || yty || to go
|-
| знати || znaty || to know
|-
| хотіти || hotity || to want
|}

To conjugate irregular verbs in the future tense, you need to memorize their unique conjugation patterns. Practice using these verbs in sentences to familiarize yourself with their usage.

== Using the Future Tense ==

Now that you have learned how to form the future tense in Ukrainian, let's explore some common ways to use it in sentences.

1. Expressing Future Actions:
The future tense is most commonly used to talk about actions or events that will happen after the present moment. For example:

- Я буду готувати вечерю. (Ya budu hotuvaty vecheru) - I will cook dinner.

- Вона буде вчитися на медсестру. (Vona bude vchytsya na medsestru) - She will study to become a nurse.

- Ви будете подорожувати до Франції. (Vy budete podorozhuvaty do Frantsii) - You will travel to France.

2. Making Predictions:

The future tense can also be used to make predictions about the future. For example:

- Завтра буде сонячно. (Zavtra bude sonyachno) - It will be sunny tomorrow.

- Вони будуть щасливі разом. (Vony budut' shchaslyvi razom) - They will be happy together.

- Ти будеш успішним. (Ty budeš uspishnym) - You will be successful.

3. Talking about Plans and Intentions:

The future tense is commonly used to talk about plans and intentions for the future. For example:

- Ми будемо відпочивати на морі. (My budemo vidpochyvaty na mori) - We will relax at the seaside.

- Я буду вчитися на вчителя. (Ya budu vchytsya na vchytelya) - I will study to become a teacher.

- Вона буде робити бізнес. (Vona bude robyty biznes) - She will start a business.

Remember to conjugate the verb in the future tense according to the subject of the sentence. Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern, while irregular verbs have unique conjugation patterns that need to be memorized.

== Practice Exercise ==

Conjugate the following regular verbs in the future tense:

1. грати (to play)

2. писати (to write)

3. читати (to read)

4. співати (to sing)

5. танцювати (to dance)

== Conclusion ==

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use future tense verbs in Ukrainian. In this lesson, we covered both regular and irregular verbs in the future tense, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of this important grammatical structure.

By practicing the conjugation of regular and irregular verbs in the future tense and using them in sentences, you will continue to improve your Ukrainian language skills. Keep practicing and exploring the fascinating world of Ukrainian grammar and culture!

{{#seo:
|title=Ukrainian Grammar → Basic Grammar → Verbs - Future Tense
|keywords=Ukrainian grammar, future tense verbs, regular verbs, irregular verbs, Ukrainian language
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use future tense verbs in Ukrainian, including regular and irregular verbs. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently construct sentences in the future tense and communicate your future actions and intentions in Ukrainian.
}}

{{Ukrainian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Ukrainian-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Ukrainian-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Videos==

===Imperative Mood in Ukrainian: grammar and practice | 70+ VERBS ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9WyAebMk2U</youtube>

==Sources==
* [https://www.ukrainianlessons.com/grammar-future/ Future tense in Ukrainian - Майбутній час - Ukrainian Lessons]
* [https://ukrainiangrammar.com/article/43.html When to use different forms of the future tense? — Ukrainian Grammar]

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verbs---Past-Tense|Verbs Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-time,-place,-intention-and-cause|Adverbs of time, place, intention and cause]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Past-imperfective-Tense|Past imperfective Tense]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Possessive-pronouns|Possessive pronouns]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Verb-to-like|Verb to like]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Adjectives and Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Ukrainian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]

{{Ukrainian-Page-Bottom}}

Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself

2024-05-29T19:52:06Z

Sybille: Reverted edits by 89.242.97.221 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Basic-Greetings|◀️ Basic Greetings — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Nouns|Next Lesson — Nouns ▶️]]
|}


{{Igbo-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Igbo|Igbo]] → [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Igbo/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Greetings and Introductions → Introducing Yourself</div>

== Introduction ==

In this lesson, we will focus on the important topic of introducing yourself in the Igbo language. Being able to introduce yourself and ask for someone's name is a fundamental skill when learning a new language. By mastering this skill, you will be able to engage in basic conversations and make meaningful connections with Igbo speakers. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Igbo Course" and is designed for complete beginners who are starting their journey of learning Igbo.

To begin, we will explore the basic greetings in the Igbo language, including greetings for different times of the day and situations. Then, we will delve into the details of introducing yourself, including how to ask for someone's name and use appropriate titles and pronouns. Throughout the lesson, we will provide numerous examples and exercises to reinforce your understanding. We will also share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to greetings and introductions in Igbo.

Let's get started and learn how to introduce yourself in Igbo!

__TOC__

=== Basic Greetings ===

Before we dive into introducing ourselves, let's start by learning some basic greetings in Igbo. Greetings are an essential part of any language and play a crucial role in daily interactions. They help to establish rapport, show respect, and create a friendly atmosphere. In Igbo culture, greetings are highly valued and are often accompanied by handshakes, smiles, and warm embraces.

Here are some common Igbo greetings:

{| class="wikitable"
! Igbo !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| Ndewo || n-deh-woh || Hello
|-
| Kedụ? || keh-doo || How are you?
|-
| Kedụ ka ị mere? || keh-doo kah ee meh-reh || How are you doing?
|-
| Ka ọ dị? || kah oh dee || Is everything okay?
|-
| Ọ dị mma || oh dee mah || I'm fine
|-
| Daalụ || dah-loo || Thank you
|-
| Nnoo || noh-oh || Goodbye
|-
| Ka ọ mesịa || kah oh meh-see-ah || See you later
|-
| Kachifo? || kah-chee-foh || Goodnight
|}

In Igbo culture, it is common to address people by their names or titles, especially when greeting them. This shows respect and acknowledges the person's identity. We will explore this further when we discuss introducing yourself in the next section.

Now, let's practice using these greetings in some everyday scenarios.

Exercise 1: Greetings Practice

1. Imagine you are meeting a friend for the first time in the morning. Greet them in Igbo and ask how they are doing.
2. You are leaving a party and saying goodbye to the host. Bid farewell in Igbo.
3. Your neighbor just helped you carry your groceries. Express gratitude in Igbo.
4. It's nighttime, and you are going to bed. Say goodnight to your family members in Igbo.

Solutions:

1. Ndewo! Kedụ ka ị mere?
2. Nnoo! Ka ọ mesịa!
3. Daalụ!
4. Kachifo?

Now that you have practiced the basic greetings, let's move on to the next section and learn how to introduce yourself in Igbo.

=== Introducing Yourself ===

Introducing yourself is an important skill in any language. It allows you to make connections, establish relationships, and initiate conversations. In Igbo culture, introductions are often accompanied by the exchange of names and the use of appropriate titles and pronouns. By mastering the art of introducing yourself in Igbo, you will be able to navigate social situations with ease and build meaningful connections with Igbo speakers.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to introduce yourself in Igbo:

1. Greet the person: Start by greeting the person with "Ndewo" (Hello) or "Kedụ?" (How are you?). This sets a friendly tone and shows respect.

2. State your name: After the initial greeting, introduce yourself by stating your name. You can say "Achọọ m" (My name is) followed by your name. For example, "Achọọ m Chika" (My name is Chika).

3. Use appropriate titles: In Igbo culture, titles are important and often used to address individuals. If you have a title, such as "Chief" or "Doctor," you can include it before your name. For example, "Onye eze Achọọ m Chika" (Chief Chika). If you don't have a title, you can simply use "Mister" or "Miss" before your name. For example, "Mister Achọọ m Chika" or "Miss Achọọ m Chika."

4. Ask for the person's name: After introducing yourself, it is polite to ask for the other person's name. You can say "Kedụ aha gị?" (What is your name?).

5. Respond to the person's name: When the person tells you their name, respond with "Daalụ" (Thank you) and repeat their name. This shows that you have acknowledged their name and are actively engaged in the conversation.

Let's see these steps in action with some examples:

Example 1:
Person A: Ndewo! Achọọ m Chika. Onye eze Achọọ m Chika.
Person B: Ndewo! Kedụ aha gị?
Person A: Daalụ! Aha m bụ Chika.

Translation:
Person A: Hello! My name is Chika. Chief Chika.
Person B: Hello! What is your name?
Person A: Thank you! My name is Chika.

Example 2:
Person A: Ndewo! Achọọ m Adaobi.
Person B: Ndewo! Kedụ aha gị?
Person A: Daalụ! Aha m bụ Adaobi.

Translation:
Person A: Hello! My name is Adaobi.
Person B: Hello! What is your name?
Person A: Thank you! My name is Adaobi.

Now, let's practice introducing ourselves in some different scenarios.

Exercise 2: Introducing Yourself Practice

1. Imagine you are attending a business conference, and you want to introduce yourself to a new colleague. Practice introducing yourself and asking for their name.
2. You are at a social gathering and want to make new friends. Introduce yourself to someone and ask for their name.
3. You are visiting an Igbo village and want to connect with the locals. Practice introducing yourself and asking for their names.
4. You are starting a new job and need to introduce yourself to your colleagues. Practice introducing yourself and asking for their names.

Solutions:

1. Person A: Ndewo! Achọọ m Chika. Kedụ aha gị?
Person B: Ndewo! Achọọ m Ifeanyi. Aha m bụ Ifeanyi.
2. Person A: Ndewo! Achọọ m Ada. Kedụ aha gị?
Person B: Ndewo! Achọọ m Chinyere. Aha m bụ Chinyere.
3. Person A: Ndewo! Achọọ m Emma. Kedụ aha gị?
Person B: Ndewo! Achọọ m Nkechi. Aha m bụ Nkechi.
4. Person A: Ndewo! Achọọ m Chukwudi. Kedụ aha gị?
Person B: Ndewo! Achọọ m Amarachi. Aha m bụ Amarachi.

Great job! You are now well-equipped to introduce yourself in Igbo and ask for someone's name. Practice these skills in real-life situations to become even more confident in your abilities.

=== Cultural Insights ===

In Igbo culture, greetings and introductions hold great significance. They are not just polite gestures but a reflection of the values and traditions of the Igbo people. Here are some cultural insights and interesting facts related to greetings and introductions in Igbo:

1. Respect for elders: In Igbo culture, respect for elders is highly valued. When greeting an elder, it is customary to use appropriate titles and show deference. This includes using the title "Nna" (father) for male elders and "Nne" (mother) for female elders, followed by their name. For example, "Nna Chika" or "Nne Adaobi." This demonstrates respect and acknowledges their wisdom and authority.

2. Handshakes and embraces: In Igbo culture, handshakes and warm embraces are common during greetings. Handshakes are typically firm but not overly strong, and it is polite to maintain eye contact during the handshake. Embraces are often used among close friends and family members as a sign of affection and warmth.

3. Extended greetings: In Igbo culture, greetings are often accompanied by extended pleasantries and inquiries about one's well-being. It is common to ask about family members, health, and general happiness. This reflects the value placed on community and genuine concern for others.

4. Use of honorifics: In formal settings, Igbo people may use honorifics to address individuals of higher social status or authority. For example, the title "Onye isi" (the head) may be used to address a village chief or community leader. This demonstrates respect and acknowledges their position of influence.

5. Names and identity: In Igbo culture, names carry great significance and are often chosen based on personal beliefs, family history, or aspirations. When introducing yourself, sharing your name is not just a formality but an invitation to learn about your identity and personal story. Likewise, when someone shares their name with you, it is important to listen attentively and acknowledge their name with respect.

By understanding and embracing these cultural insights, you will not only enhance your language skills but also deepen your appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of the Igbo people.

== Summary ==

In this lesson, we have explored the important topic of introducing yourself in the Igbo language. We started by learning basic greetings, including greetings for different times of the day and situations. Then, we delved into the details of introducing yourself, including how to ask for someone's name and use appropriate titles and pronouns. Throughout the lesson, we provided numerous examples and exercises to practice these skills.

Remember, greetings and introductions are more than just words. They are a way to connect with others, show respect, and embrace the cultural values of the Igbo people. By mastering these skills, you will be able to engage in meaningful conversations and build relationships with Igbo speakers.

Continue practicing these greetings and introductions in real-life situations to further enhance your language skills. As you progress in your Igbo language journey, you will gain even more confidence and become a fluent speaker.

Daalụ (Thank you) for completing this lesson! Nnoo (Goodbye) and see you in the next lesson!

{{#seo:
|title=Igbo Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions → Introducing Yourself
|keywords=Igbo greetings, Igbo introductions, Igbo language, learn Igbo, Igbo culture, Igbo lessons
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to introduce yourself, ask for someone's name, and use appropriate titles and pronouns in the Igbo language. Explore the cultural significance of greetings and introductions in Igbo culture. Practice exercises included.
}}

{{Igbo-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Igbo-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Igbo-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Videos==

===Learn how to Introduce others in Igbo language - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlLdknyKai4</youtube>

===Ndeewo ! Hello - Self Introduction - Learn Igbo Language . - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bS6Xk9SAfHY</youtube>

==Sources==
* [https://ezinaulo.com/igbo-lessons/vocabulary/greetings-manners/ Greetings and Manners Igbo Vocabulary Words – Ezinaụlọ]

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Modes of Transportation]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Family|Family]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Relationships|Relationships]]
* [[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Travel-Phrases|Travel Phrases]]

{{Igbo-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Igbo/Vocabulary/Basic-Greetings|◀️ Basic Greetings — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Igbo/Grammar/Nouns|Next Lesson — Nouns ▶️]]
|}

Language/Libyan-arabic

2024-05-29T19:49:55Z

Sybille: Reverted edits by 165.16.88.110 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script

Hi Polyglots! 😃

Welcome to the '''Libyan Arabic''' learning page!

You will find below many '''free''' resources to learn and practice this language.

Enjoy your learning journey with Polyglot Club! 😊
==Facts about Libyan Arabic ==
*'''Language code (ISO 639-3)''': <code>ayl</code>

*'''Other names for "Libyan Arabic"''': <code>Libyan Spoken Arabic, Maghrebi Arabic, Sulaimitian Arabic, Libyan Arabic, Libyan Vernacular Arabic, Western Egyptian Bedawi Spoken Arabic</code>

*'''The Libyan Arabic language is spoken in''': <code>Libya</code>
==Videos==
===Salutations, Introductions and Goodbyes in Libyan Arabic التحية و السلام باللهجة الليبية===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZF0Gf_qT0E</youtube>
===The Sound of the Western Libyan Arabic dialect (Numbers, Greetings, Words & Story)===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=US7t93LPemQ</youtube>
===The Sound of the Eastern Libyan Arabic dialect (Numbers, Greetings, Words & Sample Text)===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EhCXCBeuJk</youtube>

==Free Libyan Arabic Lessons==

*'''[[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar|Grammar Lessons]]'''

*'''[[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary|Vocabulary Lessons]]'''

*'''[[Language/Libyan-arabic/Pronunciation|Pronunciation Lessons]]'''

*'''[[Language/Libyan-arabic/Culture|Culture Lessons]]'''

==Language Exchange==

*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=3777 Find members TEACHING Libyan Arabic]'''

*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&dem1=3777 Find members LEARNING Libyan Arabic]'''
==Forum==

*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/libyan-arabic/forum SHARE ideas about Libyan Arabic]'''

*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/libyan-arabic/question Ask a QUESTION about Libyan Arabic]'''
==Tools==

*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/libyan-arabic/note Have your text CORRECTED in Libyan Arabic]'''

*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/libyan-arabic/video VIDEOS to learn Libyan Arabic]'''
==Marketplace==

*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/services/search-jobs/?pg_offre=3777 Buy or Sell SERVICES related to Libyan Arabic]'''

== Last Lessons ==
[[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Health|Health]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Education|Education]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Food|Food]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Family|Family]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Culture/Libya-Timeline|Libya Timeline]] — [[Language/Libyan-arabic/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]

Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions

2024-05-29T19:49:15Z

Sybille:

{{Hebrew-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic Expressions</div>

Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hebrew Hebrew] learners! 😊 
In this lesson, we will go over some common Hebrew idiomatic expressions that you might hear in day-to-day conversations. Understanding Hebrew idioms will help you understand native speakers and sound more natural when speaking Hebrew. Plus, they're a fun way to learn more about Hebrew culture and society!

__TOC__

Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]] & [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Body|Body]].

== What are Idiomatic Expressions? ==
Idiomatic expressions are phrases or sayings that have a meaning that is not clear from the words used. Instead, the meaning is derived from the context and cultural references associated with the expression. In other words, the literal meaning is different from the actual meaning. For example, we say "It's raining cats and dogs" to mean that it's raining heavily.

Hebrew has a rich collection of idiomatic expressions, and they are very commonly used in everyday language. Let's dive in and learn more!

== Hebrew Idiomatic Expressions ==

Here are some of the most common Hebrew idiomatic expressions that you may come across:

{| class="wikitable"
! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| לשים עין || lasim ayin || to keep an eye on
|-
| אין עשן בלי אש || ein ashan bli esh || there's no smoke without fire
|-
| לשבור את הראש || lishbor et harosh || to rack one's brains
|-
| דם חם || dam cham || hot blooded
|-
| לאכול את הלב || le'echol et halev || to eat one's heart out
|-
| לדבר אל הקיר || ledaber el hakir || to talk to a wall
|-
| שברתי את השיניים || shavarti et hashinayim || I broke my teeth (struggled a lot)
|}

Let's take a closer look at each of these expressions and see what they mean.

- לשים עין (lasim ayin): to keep an eye on
This expression means to watch or monitor something or someone closely.

- אין עשן בלי אש (ein ashan bli esh): there's no smoke without fire
This means that rumors often have some truth behind them.

- לשבור את הראש (lishbor et harosh): to rack one's brains
This expression means to think very hard or to struggle to find a solution.

- דם חם (dam cham): hot-blooded
This describes someone who is quick-tempered or passionate.

- לאכול את הלב (le'echol et halev): to eat one's heart out
This expression means to feel deep regret or sorrow.

- לדבר אל הקיר (ledaber el hakir): to talk to a wall
This means to talk to someone who isn't listening or responding.

- שברתי את השיניים (shavarti et hashinayim): I broke my teeth (struggled a lot)
This expression is used to describe a situation where someone had a hard time doing something.

=== Dialogue ===
* Person 1: אי אפשר להמשיך ככה, נצטרך לשים עין על כל פרט. (It's impossible to continue like this. We'll have to keep an eye on every detail.)
* Person 2: אני מבין, אבל אני מרגיש שאנחנו מדברים אל הקיר. (I understand, but I feel like we're talking to a wall.)
* Person 1: תגיד, אתה באמת חושב שיש עשן בלי אש? (Do you really think there's smoke without fire?)
* Person 2: כן, ואני כבר שברתי את השיניים על זה. (Yes, and I've already struggled a lot with it.)

== Conclusion ==
Learning idiomatic expressions is an essential part of learning any language, and Hebrew is no exception. We hope that this lesson has helped you understand some of the most common Hebrew idiomatic expressions and their meanings. To improve your Hebrew vocabulary, you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=53 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hebrew/question questions]! Don't forget to check out our [[:Language/Hebrew|Hebrew]] [[:Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary|vocabulary]] section for more Hebrew words and phrases.

<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below. ➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]] & [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]].

{{#seo:
|title=Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions
|keywords=idiomatic expressions, Hebrew idioms, Hebrew culture, language learning, Polyglot Club, find native speakers, Hebrew vocabulary
|description=In this lesson, you will learn some common Hebrew idiomatic expressions, their meanings, and how to use them in context. Enhance your Hebrew language learning experience with cultural information and interesting facts.
}}

==Videos==

===Cafe Oleh: Hebrew Idioms and Expressions - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roF91ItndQg</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Seasons|Seasons]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Transportation|Transportation]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/At-the-Post-Office|At the Post Office]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Computers|Computers]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/House|House]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.ulpanor.com/2017/02/26/lost-in-translation-11-hebrew-idioms-better-left-untranslated/ Lost in Translation: 11 Hebrew Idioms Better Left Untranslated ...]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions]
* [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/martin-luthers-use-of-blended-hebrew-and-german-idioms-in-his-translation-of-the-hebrew-bible/778B382901FF121BBF8702FAAEDD7F8A Martin Luther's Use of Blended Hebrew and German Idioms in His ...]

{{Hebrew-Page-Bottom}}

Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions

2024-05-29T19:47:06Z

Sybille:

{{Hebrew-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions</div>

Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hebrew Hebrew] learners! 😊 
In this lesson, we will go over some common Hebrew idiomatic expressions that you might hear in day-to-day conversations. Understanding Hebrew idioms will help you understand native speakers and sound more natural when speaking Hebrew. Plus, they're a fun way to learn more about Hebrew culture and society!

__TOC__

Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]] & [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Body|Body]].
== What are idiomatic expressions? ==
Idiomatic expressions are phrases or sayings that have a meaning that is not clear from the words used. Instead, the meaning is derived from the context and cultural references associated with the expression. In other words, the literal meaning is different from the actual meaning. For example, we say "It's raining cats and dogs" to mean that it's raining heavily.

Hebrew has a rich collection of idiomatic expressions, and they are very commonly used in everyday language. Let's dive in and learn more!

== Hebrew Idiomatic expressions ==

Here are some of the most common Hebrew idiomatic expressions that you may come across:

{| class="wikitable"
! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| לשטוף זהב || lish'tof zahav || to wash gold
|-
| אין לי בן כרחך || ein li ben k'ruah || I don't have a son against my will
|-
| לקפוץ על הבוקר עם זרע חדשה || likpotz al haboker im z'ra chadasha || to jump in the morning with a new energy
|-
| להניח קורות || lehanich kurot || to lay beams
|-
| אין טעם || ein ta'am || there is no taste
|-
| לדבר ברור || ledaber barur || speak clearly
|-
| לשרוף דלעת || le'sarof dela'at || to burn bridges
|}

Let's take a closer look at each of these expressions and see what they mean.

- לשטוף זהב (lish'tof zahav): to wash gold
This expression means to make a big effort for something or someone that is considered valuable.

- אין לי בן כרחך (ein li ben k'ruah): I don't have a son against my will
This means that something is done willingly, without being forced. This expression comes from a story in the Talmud about a father who didn't want to force his son into marriage against his will.

- לקפוץ על הבוקר עם זרע חדשה (likpotz al haboker im z'ra chadasha): to jump in the morning with a new energy
This expression means to start the day with full energy and enthusiasm.

- להניח קורות (lehanich kurot): to lay beams
This expression means to start something new, usually a project or a business.

- אין טעם (ein ta'am): there is no taste
This expression means that something is boring or uninteresting.

- לדבר ברור (ledaber barur): speak clearly
This expression is used to encourage someone to be clear and straightforward when speaking.

- לשרוף דלעת (le'sarof dela'at): to burn bridges
This expression means to purposely end a relationship or cut off all ties with someone.

=== Dialogue ===
* Person 1: אי אפשר להמשיך ככה, נצטרך לשטוף זהב כדי לסיים את הפרויקט. (It's impossible to continue like this. We'll have to wash gold to finish the project.)
* Person 2: אני מבין, אבל אנחנו לא חייבים לעשות את זה בעזרת ישראל. (I understand, but we don't have to do it with the help of Israel.)
* Person 1: תגיד, אתה באמת רוצה לעשות את זה? אני רואה שאין לך בן כרחך. (Do you really want to do it? I see that you're doing it willingly.)
* Person 2: כן, אני מאוד מתלבט ואני רוצה לקפוץ על הבוקר עם זרע חדשה עם החברה החדשה שלנו. (Yes, I'm very undecided, and I want to jump in the morning with a new energy with our new company.)

== Conclusion ==
Learning idiomatic expressions is an essential part of learning any language, and Hebrew is no exception. We hope that this lesson has helped you understand some of the most common Hebrew idiomatic expressions and their meanings. To improve your Hebrew vocabulary, you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=53 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hebrew/question questions]! Don't forget to check out our [[:Language/Hebrew|Hebrew]] [[:Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary|vocabulary]] section for more Hebrew words and phrases.

<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below. ➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]] & [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]].
{{#seo:
|title=Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions
|keywords=idiomatic expressions, Hebrew idioms, Hebrew culture, language learning, Polyglot Club, find native speakers, Hebrew vocabulary
|description=In this lesson, you will learn some common Hebrew idiomatic expressions, their meanings, and how to use them in context. Enhance your Hebrew language learning experience with cultural information and interesting facts.
}}

==Videos==

===Cafe Oleh: Hebrew Idioms and Expressions - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roF91ItndQg</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Seasons|Seasons]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Transportation|Transportation]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/At-the-Post-Office|At the Post Office]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Computers|Computers]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/House|House]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.ulpanor.com/2017/02/26/lost-in-translation-11-hebrew-idioms-better-left-untranslated/ Lost in Translation: 11 Hebrew Idioms Better Left Untranslated ...]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions]
* [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/martin-luthers-use-of-blended-hebrew-and-german-idioms-in-his-translation-of-the-hebrew-bible/778B382901FF121BBF8702FAAEDD7F8A Martin Luther's Use of Blended Hebrew and German Idioms in His ...]

{{Hebrew-Page-Bottom}}

Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions

2024-05-29T19:46:37Z

Sybille: Reverted edits by Hamoodasheli (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script

{{Hebrew-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions</div>

Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hebrew Hebrew] learners! 😊 
In this lesson, we will go over some common Hebrew idiomatic expressions that you might hear in day-to-day conversations. Understanding Hebrew idioms will help you understand native speakers and sound more natural when speaking Hebrew. Plus, they're a fun way to learn more about Hebrew culture and society!

__TOC__

Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]] & [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Body|Body]].
== What are idiomatic expressions? ==
Idiomatic expressions are phrases or sayings that have a meaning that is not clear from the words used. Instead, the meaning is derived from the context and cultural references associated with the expression. In other words, the literal meaning is different from the actual meaning. For example, we say "It's raining cats and dogs" to mean that it's raining heavily.

Hebrew has a rich collection of idiomatic expressions, and they are very commonly used in everyday language. Let's dive in and learn more!

== Hebrew Idiomatic expressions ==

Here are some of the most common Hebrew idiomatic expressions that you may come across:

{| class="wikitable"
! Hebrew !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| לשטוף זהב || lish'tof zahav || to wash gold
| -
| אין לי בן כרחך || ein li ben k'ruah || I don't have a son against my will
| -
| לקפוץ על הבוקר עם זרע חדשה || likpotz al haboker im z'ra chadasha || to jump in the morning with a new energy
| -
| להניח קורות || lehanich kurot || to lay beams
| -
| אין טעם || ein ta'am || there is no taste
| -
| לדבר ברור || ledaber barur || speak clearly
| -
| לשרוף דלעת || le'sarof dela'at || to burn bridges
|}

Let's take a closer look at each of these expressions and see what they mean.

- לשטוף זהב (lish'tof zahav): to wash gold
This expression means to make a big effort for something or someone that is considered valuable.

- אין לי בן כרחך (ein li ben k'ruah): I don't have a son against my will
This means that something is done willingly, without being forced. This expression comes from a story in the Talmud about a father who didn't want to force his son into marriage against his will.

- לקפוץ על הבוקר עם זרע חדשה (likpotz al haboker im z'ra chadasha): to jump in the morning with a new energy
This expression means to start the day with full energy and enthusiasm.

- להניח קורות (lehanich kurot): to lay beams
This expression means to start something new, usually a project or a business.

- אין טעם (ein ta'am): there is no taste
This expression means that something is boring or uninteresting.

- לדבר ברור (ledaber barur): speak clearly
This expression is used to encourage someone to be clear and straightforward when speaking.

- לשרוף דלעת (le'sarof dela'at): to burn bridges
This expression means to purposely end a relationship or cut off all ties with someone.

=== Dialogue ===
* Person 1: אי אפשר להמשיך ככה, נצטרך לשטוף זהב כדי לסיים את הפרויקט. (It's impossible to continue like this. We'll have to wash gold to finish the project.)
* Person 2: אני מבין, אבל אנחנו לא חייבים לעשות את זה בעזרת ישראל. (I understand, but we don't have to do it with the help of Israel.)
* Person 1: תגיד, אתה באמת רוצה לעשות את זה? אני רואה שאין לך בן כרחך. (Do you really want to do it? I see that you're doing it willingly.)
* Person 2: כן, אני מאוד מתלבט ואני רוצה לקפוץ על הבוקר עם זרע חדשה עם החברה החדשה שלנו. (Yes, I'm very undecided, and I want to jump in the morning with a new energy with our new company.)

== Conclusion ==
Learning idiomatic expressions is an essential part of learning any language, and Hebrew is no exception. We hope that this lesson has helped you understand some of the most common Hebrew idiomatic expressions and their meanings. To improve your Hebrew vocabulary, you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=53 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hebrew/question questions]! Don't forget to check out our [[:Language/Hebrew|Hebrew]] [[:Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary|vocabulary]] section for more Hebrew words and phrases.

<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below. ➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]] & [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]].
{{#seo:
|title=Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions
|keywords=idiomatic expressions, Hebrew idioms, Hebrew culture, language learning, Polyglot Club, find native speakers, Hebrew vocabulary
|description=In this lesson, you will learn some common Hebrew idiomatic expressions, their meanings, and how to use them in context. Enhance your Hebrew language learning experience with cultural information and interesting facts.
}}

==Videos==

===Cafe Oleh: Hebrew Idioms and Expressions - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roF91ItndQg</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Seasons|Seasons]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Transportation|Transportation]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/At-the-Post-Office|At the Post Office]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Computers|Computers]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/House|House]]
* [[Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.ulpanor.com/2017/02/26/lost-in-translation-11-hebrew-idioms-better-left-untranslated/ Lost in Translation: 11 Hebrew Idioms Better Left Untranslated ...]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions Hebrew Vocabulary - Idiomatic expressions]
* [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/martin-luthers-use-of-blended-hebrew-and-german-idioms-in-his-translation-of-the-hebrew-bible/778B382901FF121BBF8702FAAEDD7F8A Martin Luther's Use of Blended Hebrew and German Idioms in His ...]

{{Hebrew-Page-Bottom}}

Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Questions

2023-07-14T07:05:54Z

Sybille: Reverted edits by 41.90.68.79 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Negation|◀️ Negation — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Dependent-Clauses|Next Lesson — Dependent Clauses ▶️]]
|}

<div class="pg_page_title">swali / maswali - questions in Swahili</div>
[[File:Swahili-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
Hi Swahili Learners! 😃

➡ In today's lesson we will learn how to ask QUESTIONS in Swahili.

Happy learning!

Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]], [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Slang-and-Colloquialisms|Swahili (individual language) Grammar → Idioms and Proverbs ...]], [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] & [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]].
__TOC__

Listed below are nine commonly used question words:
# Je? – Well, how about?
# Nani? – Who?
# Nini? – What?
# Lini? – When?
# Wapi? – Where?
# Vipi? – How?
# -pi? – What?, Which?, or Where?
# -ngapi? – How many?
# Gani? – What?, What kind (of), How? or Which?

The majority of question words listed above can appear at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence. The question word Gani? is the only one which appears either in the middle or at the end of the sentence but NEVER at the beginning of the sentence.

==Question words in Swahili==

{| class="wikitable"
!swahili
!English
!Examples
|-
| -je ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |How?
|Unlike the other question words, ‘je’ is used as an affix of a verb, for example:
* Unasemaje? How do you say it? (people often say this if they didn’t hear you, in the sense of ‘what did you say?)
* Unajuaje? How do you know?

Because the stress is (almost) always on the penultimate syllable of a word, this means that unajua becomes unajuaje, with the stress on the ‘a’ rather than the ‘u’.
|-
|
* Nani ?
* Yupi ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |Who?
|
* Question: Jina lako ni nani? What is your name? (literally ‘who is your name’?)
* Answer: Jina langu ni Amina. My name is Amina.
|-
|Nini ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |What?
|
* Question: Unafanya nini? What are you doing?
* Answer: Ninafanya kazi. I am working.
|-
|Lini ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |When?
|The word Lini? is used to ask questions about when something was done.
* Joshua alikwenda lini New York? – When did Joshua go to New York?
* Lini utasoma Kifaransa? – When will you study French?
* Mgeni alifika lini? – When did the guest arrive?

|-
|Wapi ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |Where?
|
* Question: Unatoka wapi? Where do you come from?
* Answer: Ninatoka Uganda. I come from Uganda.
|-
|Vipi?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |How?
|
* Question: Vipi hali? How are you (literally ‘how is your state’?)
* Answer: Nzuri sana. Very well.
|-
| -pi ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |Which?
|The Interrogative Suffix -pi? can be used to ask questions about people and objects by combining the Interrogative Prefixes with the Interrogative Suffix -pi? in both singular and plural forms.

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |'''Interrogative Prefixes'''
|-
!'''Singular/Plural '''
!'''Noun Class '''
!'''Interrogative Prefix '''
!'''Interrogative Suffix'''
|-
!'''Singular/Plural'''
|M-/WA-
|yu-/we-
| rowspan="10" |-pi?
|-
!'''Singular/Plural '''
|M-/MI-
|u-/i-
|-
!'''Singular/Plural '''
|JI-/MA-
|li-/ya-
|-
!'''Singular/Plural '''
|KI-/VI-
|ki-/vi-
|-
!'''Singular/Plural '''
|N-
|i-/zi-
|-
!'''Singular/Plural '''
|U-
|u-/zi-
|-
! rowspan="3" |'''Singular/Plural '''
| rowspan="3" |PA-
|pa-
|-
|ku-
|-
|m-
|-
!'''Singular '''
|KU-
|ku-
|}

If we want to ask: “Which person?” we combine the Interrogative Prefix yu- with the Interrogative Suffix -pi? to form Yupi? (Which person?) for third person singular.

For plural form we combine the Interrogative Prefix we- with the Interrogative Suffix -pi? to form Wepi? (Which people?).

Hence we get:
* Mtu yupi? – Which person?
* Watu wepi? – Which people?
Examples:
* Mwanajeshi yupi alipata nishani? – Which soldier received a medal?
* Mti upi ulianguka? – Which tree fell?
* Maneno yapi? – Which words?
|-
|Ngapi ?
Kiasi gani ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |How many?
How much?
|
* Question: Ni shillingi ngapi? How much is it? (literally ‘how many shillings is it?’)
* Answer: Shillingi elfu tano. 5000 shillings.

Ngapi is the only question word which changes form to agree with the class of the noun it describes. So you would ask ‘watoto wangapi?’ (how many children) or ‘miaka mingapi?’ (how many years). Don’t worry about this for now, and just use ‘ngapi’ until you learn the correct form with each noun class.
|-
|Gani?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |What type of?
|
* Question: Unafanya kazi gani? What (kind of work) do you do?
* Answer: Mimi ni mwalimu. I’m a teacher.
|-
|Ni bei gani ?
Ni bure
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |What is the price?
It's free
|
|-
|Kwa nini ? Mbona ?
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |Why?
|
* Question: Kwa nini unasoma Kiswahili? Why are you learning Swahili?
|-
|Kwa sababu...
|style="background:#e6e6fa;" |Because...
|
* Answer: Kwa sababu ninataka kuishi Tanzania. Because I want to live in Tanzania.
|}

==More Examples==
Below is a list of the Questions and interrogative expressions in Swahili:
{| class="wikitable"
!English Questions
!Swahili Questions
|-
|where is he?
|yuko wapi?
|-
|what is this?
|ni kitu gani?
|-
|why are you sad?
|mbona una huzuni?
|-
|how do you want to pay?
|wataka kulipa vipi?
|-
|can I come?
|naweza kuja?
|-
|is he sleeping?
|amelala?
|-
|do you know me?
|wanijua?
|-
|do you have my book?
|je, una kitabu changu?
|-
|how big is it?
|waweza kueleza ukubwa wake?
|-
|can I help you?
|ninaweza kukusaidia?
|-
|can you help me?
|Unaweza kunisaidia?
|-
|do you speak English?
|Waongea kiingereza
|-
|how far is this?
|waweza kueleza umbali wake?
|-
|what time is it?
|ni saa ngapi?
|-
|how much is this?
|ni kiasi gani?
|-
|what is your name?
|Jina lako?
|-
|where do you live?
|Unaishi wapi?
|}

==Videos==
===How to ask questions in swahili?===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCT9lPCWueM</youtube>

===Learn Swahili: nani? & nini? (Question words)===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfHHN0s2F9Q</youtube>

==Sources==
* https://hist.hse.ru/data/2019/06/14/1486229732/16.%20Question%20Words,%20Phrases%20and%20Statements.pdf
* http://lang.swahili.free.fr/index_uk.php
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfHHN0s2F9Q
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCT9lPCWueM
* http://mylanguages.org/swahili_questions.php

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Tenses|Tenses]]
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]

{{Swahili-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Swahili-individual-language-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Swahili-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course]]


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Negation|◀️ Negation — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Dependent-Clauses|Next Lesson — Dependent Clauses ▶️]]
|}

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-Courses

2022-07-11T20:13:30Z

Sybille:

[[Category:Free-Resources]]
<div class="pg_page_title">Best Internet Courses</div>
[[File:internet_courses.jpg|thumb]]
Hi Polyglots! 😊

On this page we have put together a selection of the best free courses for learning the main languages of the world.

The term “course” means structured set of material for learning and practising, mainly around grammar.

This page has a [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-Blogs sibling page].

Languages being taught are the headings, the language being used to teach are paragraph.

Enjoy your learning journey with Polyglot Club! 😎

== Main ==
Courses available for offline use (document, webpage, program) are marked separately with [offl.d], [offl.w], [offl.p]; courses in public domain are marked with [PD]; courses under public licenses are marked with [PL].

=== Multiple languages ===
Multiple languages
* https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Languages [offl.w [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use PL]]
* https://www.duolingo.com/
* https://www.lingolia.com/
* https://www.worddive.com/grammar/
* English & Spanish & German https://www.usinggrammar.com/ | https://www.cafe-lingua.de/ | https://www.estudiogramatica.com/
* French & English https://www.tolearnfree.com/free-educational-sites.php
* (about Frisian languages) https://www.learnfrisian.com/

English
* https://fsi-languages.yojik.eu/ [offl.d PD(partial)]
* https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/
* https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Languages
* https://www.coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/ [PL]
* https://www.coursera.org/browse/language-learning/
* https://www.german-grammar.de/
* http://listeningpractice.org/
* (about Japanese & Turkish & Spanish) https://elon.io/

German
* https://www.grammatiken.de/
* https://www.multilingual.de/
* https://www.schule-bw.de/faecher-und-schularten/sprachen-und-literatur
* https://www.uebungskoenig.de/
* (about English & French & German)
** https://www.tutoria.de/unterrichtsmaterialien/
** https://freie-referate.de/
** https://onlineuebung.de/
* (about English & German)
** https://online-lernen.levrai.de/index.htm
** https://unterrichten.zum.de/wiki/Hauptseite
** https://www.lernhelfer.de/
** https://www.studysmarter.de/schule

Russian https://www.start2study.ru/

=== Afrikaans ===
English https://www.easyafrikaans.com/

=== American Sign Language ===
English
* https://theaslapp.com/
* https://www.handspeak.com/
* https://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/lessons/lessons.htm
* https://www.startasl.com/

=== Arabic ===
English https://www.arabic.desert-sky.net/grammar.html

==== Moroccan Arabic ====
English https://friendsofmorocco.org/learnarabic.htm [offl.d]

==== Standard Arabic ====
Multiple languages English & French & Turkish https://learning.aljazeera.net/

English
* https://www.learnarabiconline.com/
* https://www.madinaharabic.com/
* https://www.arabic-keyboard.org/arabic/ [offl.d]

=== Armenian ===
English
* https://ayolingo.org/
* http://www.armeniapedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Language_Lessons [offl.d]

=== Berber ===

==== Tachelhit ====
English https://friendsofmorocco.org/learnTashlheet.htm [offl.d]

=== Bulgarian ===
English https://www.bulgaro.io/

=== Buryat ===
Russian https://nom.buryat-lang.ru/

=== Chinese ===
==== Mandarin Chinese ====
Multiple languages
* French & English https://chine.in/mandarin/ [PL(partial)]

English
* https://ninchanese.com/
* https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese
* https://www.learnmandarinchinese.com/
* http://www.hellochinese.cc/ [offl.p]

==== Yue Chinese ====
English
* https://sites.google.com/site/learncanto/
* https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/

=== Czech ===
Czech https://www.nechybujte.cz/gramatika-cestiny

=== Dutch ===
Dutch https://ikschrijfbeter.nl/

English
* https://learnpractice.com/
* https://www.dutchgrammar.com/
* https://www.learndutch.org/

=== English ===
Multiple languages
* https://helloenglish.com/
* https://www.efhello.com/
* Spanish & Portuguese https://idiomas.gcfglobal.org/
* English & Spanish https://www.really-learn-english.com/

English
* https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar
* https://www.english-grammar.at/
* https://onlymyenglish.com/
* https://www.grammarbook.com/
* https://www.learngrammar.net/
* https://www.talkenglish.com/

French
* https://anglais-rapide.fr/
* https://angleterre.org.uk/anglais/grammar.htm
* https://monsieurboursier.fr/index.htm
* https://wallstreetenglish.fr/fiches-anglais/grammaire/
* https://www.anglaiscours.fr/
* https://www.anglissime.com/
* https://www.educastream.com/
* https://www.e-anglais.com/index.php
* https://www.teddybarbier.com/

German
* https://www.ef.de/englisch-hilfen/
* https://www.ego4u.de/
* https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/
* https://www.englisch-lernen-online.de/
* https://www.englischeinfach.com/
* https://www.kapiert.de/englisch/
* https://www.unterricht.de/Englisch/Oberstufe [offl.d]

Italian
* https://corsoinglese.altervista.org/
* https://www.esercizi-inglese.com/
* https://www.grammaticainglese.net/
* https://www.nspeak.com/newbasic/
* https://www.tuttoinglese.it/

Japanese
* https://delta-scope.com/
* https://eigogakusyu-web.com/
* https://englishcafe.jp/
* https://toiguru.jp/english-grammar
* https://www.eibunpou.net/index.html
* https://www.english-speaking.jp/table-of-contents-for-basic-english-grammar/
* http://makki-english.moo.jp/index.html

Mandarin Chinese
* https://engeasylearn.blogspot.com/
* https://en-grammar.xiao84.com/
* https://www.en998.com/g/
* https://www.hellotoabc.com/
* https://www.kekenet.com/grammar/
* https://www.tingclass.net/yufa/
* http://www.yingyuyufa.com/

Russian
* https://catchenglish.ru/
* https://engblog.ru/
* https://grammarway.com/
* https://lim-english.com/
* https://myefe.ru/
* https://simpler.link/
* https://study-english.info/
* https://www.enlineschool.com/grammar/
* https://www.native-english.ru/

Spanish
* https://blogpara-aprenderingles.blogspot.com/
* https://gramaticainglesa.org/
* https://inglesparaprincipiantes.net/
* https://londoneyepad.com/academia-de-ingles-en-cordoba/gramatica-inglesa/
* https://menuaingles.blogspot.com/2006/04/lessons.html
* https://whitmanenglish.wordpress.com/
* https://www.curso-ingles.com/
* https://www.ef.com.ar/recursos-aprender-ingles/
* https://www.ef.com.pa/recursos-aprender-ingles/
* https://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/
* https://www.englishspanishlink.com/
* https://www.enliza.es/GRAMATICA%20JQUERY/1_INICIO/inicio.php
* https://www.inglesmundial.com/
* https://www.inglessencillo.com/
* https://www.lewolang.com/gramatica-inglesa
* https://www.mansioningles.com/
* https://www.ompersonal.net/
* https://www.pacho8a.com/ingl%C3%A9s/
* https://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/indice.php
* https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/
* https://www.todamateria.com.br/ingles/
* https://www.weloveteachingenglish.com/es/lecciones-gratis-para-aprender-ingles.html [PL]
* http://www.saberingles.com.ar/index.html

Portuguese https://www.ef.com.br/guia-de-ingles/

=== Esperanto ===
Multiple languages
* https://lernu.net/
* https://www.kurso.com.br/ [offl.p]
* European languages https://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/universala_vortaro.html [offl.w]

Esperanto https://bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html [offl.d PL]

English http://esperanto-edmonton.wikidot.com/kellerman-answerkey [offl.d]

French http://www.la-vortaro.net/cours1/index.html

German https://agei.esperanto-urbo.de/netzkurs/

=== Finnish ===
English https://venla.info/

=== French ===
French
* https://la-conjugaison.nouvelobs.com/regles/
* https://www.bonjourdefrance.com/
* https://www.cordial.fr/grammaire
* https://www.espacefrancais.com/
* http://www.frenchlanguageguide.com/

English
* https://about-france.com/french/index.htm
* https://www.frenchplanations.com/
* https://www.lawlessfrench.com/
* https://www.thefrenchexperiment.com/
* http://frenchtutorial.com/
* http://www.french-linguistics.co.uk/grammar/

=== German ===
Multiple languages
* https://deutsch.info/
* German & English https://www.deutschakademie.de/online-deutschkurs/

German
* https://coerll.utexas.edu/dib/ [offl.d PL]
* https://deutschegrammatik20.de/
* https://deutschtraining.org/deutsch-lernen-online/
* https://easy-deutsch.de/deutsche-grammatik-uebersicht/
* https://kyrosschule.de/
* https://mein-deutschbuch.de/startseite.html
* https://sprachekulturkommunikation.com/
* https://www.kapiert.de/deutsch/

English
* https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/
* https://en.easy-deutsch.de/german-grammar-overview/
* https://german.net/
* https://github.com/edigu/almanca
* https://www.thegermanproject.com/
* https://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Grammatik.html
* https://www.germanveryeasy.com/
* https://www.thegermanproject.com/
* http://germanforenglishspeakers.com/

Spanish https://www.alemansencillo.com/

=== Haitian ===
English https://www.howtocreole.com/p/learn-haitian-creole.html

=== Hebrew ===
English https://www.teachmehebrew.com/

=== Hindi ===
English
* https://www.learning-hindi.com/ [offl.d]
* https://www.mindurhindi.com/

=== Hungarian ===
English http://www.hungarianreference.com/

=== Icelandic ===
English https://icelandiconline.com/

=== Ido ===
Multiple languages https://idolinguo.org.uk/ [offl.w]

=== Interlingua ===
English https://www.interlingua.com/an/curso/ [offl.d]

=== Interlingue ===
Multiple languages
* Interlingue & English & German https://www.ie-munde.com/materiale-por-aprender-interlingue-lehrmaterial.html [offl.d]

=== Inuktitut ===
Multiple languages
* English & French https://tusaalanga.ca/

=== Italian ===
Multiple languages
* Italian & English & German http://www.oneworlditaliano.com/
* Italian & English & Spanish https://learnamo.com/

Italian
* https://grammatica-italiana.dossier.net/
* https://www.lagrammaticaitaliana.it/
* http://www.grammatica-italiana.it/
* http://www.locuta.com/eclassroom_gramm.html

English
* https://onlineitalianclub.com/
* https://www.theitalianexperiment.com/
* http://www.italianlanguageguide.com/

=== Jamaican Creole English ===
English https://opengrammar.github.io/jam/ [[https://github.com/opengrammar/jam-learners-grammar offl.p] PL]

=== Japanese ===
Multiple languages
* https://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar [offl.d PL] ''Hover the mouse on “Grammar Guide” on the top bar, click on “Translations” to see other languages.''

Japanese https://upwrite.jp/grammar/

English
* https://jlptsensei.com/
* https://learnjapanesedaily.com/
* https://marshallyin.com/
* https://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/ [offl.w]
* https://steven-kraft.com/projects/japanese/
* https://www.yookoso.com/
* https://www.imabi.net/
* https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/home/
* https://www2.gwu.edu/~eall/vjgnew/vjghomepage/vjghome.htm
* https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/learnjapanese/

German
* https://www.japanisch-grund-und-intensivkurs.de/

Mandarin Chinese
* https://soukaapp.com/
* https://www.sigure.tw/learn-japanese/

=== Kannada ===
English http://www.learnkannadaonline.com/

=== Kiribati ===
English https://www.trussel.com/f_kir.htm [offl.d]

=== Korean ===
Multiple languages
* http://www.korean-course.com/

English
* https://koreanjun.com/
* https://pathwaytokorean.osu.edu/
* https://ultimatekorean.com/
* https://world.kbs.co.kr/learn_korean
* https://www.90daykorean.com/
* https://www.koreanwikiproject.com/
* https://www.howtostudykorean.com/

=== Kurdish ===
==== Central Kurdish ====
English https://www.kurdishcentral.org/

=== Lingua Franca Nova ===
Multiple languages http://elefen.org/ [offl.d]

=== Lojban ===
English https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojban [offl.d]

=== Macedonian ===
English http://www.learn-mk.com/ [offl.w]

=== Māori ===
English https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-PraDict.html [PL]

=== Modern Greek ===
English
* https://www.greekgrammar.eu/
* https://www.foundalis.com/lan/grkgram.htm
* http://kypros.org/LearnGreek/
* http://www.xanthi.ilsp.gr/filog/

=== Nepali ===
English https://javabog.dk/filer/nepali/ [offl.d PL]

=== New Zealand Sign Language ===
English http://www.learnnzsl.nz/#/id/co-01

=== Northern Frisian ===
German https://liirnordfriisk.blogspot.com/

=== Norwegian ===
==== Norwegian Bokmål ====
Norwegian Bokmål https://www.riksmalsforbundet.no/grammatikk-en-innforing/

English
* https://norwegianabc.com/
* https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/A_Norwegian_Grammar_Sparrer
* https://www.learn-norwegian.net/
* https://www.ntnu.edu/web/now/info

=== Old English ===
English https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bright%27s_Anglo-Saxon_Reader

=== Pennsylvania German ===
English https://www.deitshbooks.com/books.html [offl.d]

=== Persian ===
==== Iranian Persian ====
Multiple languages https://www.jahanshiri.ir/

English
* https://www.easypersian.com/
* https://www.persiandee.com/view/showLesson/currentLesson/0
* https://www.persianlanguageonline.com/learn
* https://persian.sdsu.edu/

=== Polish ===
Multiple languages
* English & German https://mowicpopolsku.com/

English
* https://www.apronus.com/learnpolish/
* https://polishgrammar.com/free-online-course/
* https://skwierzyna.net/learn_polish.htm [offl.d]

=== Portuguese ===
Portuguese
* https://www.aulete.com.br/site.php?mdl=gramatica
* https://www.flip.pt/FLiP-On-line/Gramatica
* https://www.infoescola.com/portugues/
* https://www.todamateria.com.br/gramatica/

=== Romanian ===
Multiple languages https://www.learnro.com/

English https://simpleromanian.com/

=== Russian ===
Multiple languages
* https://russky.info/
* English & French http://masterrussian.com/

English
* https://everydayrussianlanguage.com/en/home/
* https://learnrussianstepbystep.com/en/learn-russian/
* https://learnrussian.rt.com/
* https://www.russianforeveryone.com/
* https://www.russianforfree.com/
* https://www.russianlessons.net/
* http://russianlearn.com/

=== Samoan ===
English
* https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-PraDict.html [PL]
* https://samoan.ws/

=== Scottish Gaelic ===
English
* https://go-gaelic.scot/
* https://learngaelic.scot/

=== Serbo-Croatian ===
==== Bosnian ====
Standard Arabic http://www.speakbosnian.com/

==== Croatian ====
English https://www.hr4eu.hr/

=== Sindarin ===
English http://sindarinlessons.weebly.com/ [offl.d]

=== Sindhi ===
English https://learn.sindhila.edu.pk/

=== Slovak ===
Multiple languages https://slovake.eu/

=== Slovenian ===
English http://learnslovenian.net/

=== Spanish ===
Spanish https://www.spanish.cl/

English
* https://studyspanish.com/grammar
* https://www.spanish411.net/ [PL]
* https://www.spanishdict.com/guide
* https://www.spanishlearninglab.com/
* https://www.spanishveryeasy.com/
* https://www.thespanishexperiment.com/

=== Swedish ===
Swedish http://blog.lardigsvenska.com/p/grammar.html

English https://www.sayitinswedish.com/

=== Tagalog ===
English
* https://www.tagaloglessons.com/
* https://www.tagaloglang.com/

=== Talossan ===
English http://talossan.com/

=== Tamil ===
English https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/

=== Telugu ===
English http://www.learningtelugu.org/ [offl.d]

=== Thai ===
English http://www.thai-language.com/

=== Tsonga ===
English https://www.xitsonga.org/

=== Turkish ===
English
* https://www.turkishclass.com/turkish/lessons/turkish_classes.php
* http://turkishbasics.com/

=== Ukrainian ===
English https://www.ukrainianlanguage.org.uk/read/index.htm

=== Urdu ===
English https://www.urdu-english.com/

=== Uzbek ===
English https://www.joyofuzbek.org/lessons

=== Volapük ===
English https://xn--volapk-7ya.com/

=== Uncoded languages ===
==== aUI ====
English https://auilanguage.org/

==== Folksprak ====
English https://folksprak.org/

==== Glosa ====
Multiple languages
* English & German http://www.glosa.org/en/index_materia.html [offl.d]

==== Ithkuil ====
English http://ithkuil.net/

==== Lingwa de Planeta ====
Multiple languages
* Russian & English http://www.lingwadeplaneta.info/

==== Loglan ====
English http://www.loglan.org/

==== Romániço ====
English http://romaniczo.com/

==== Romanid ====
English http://romanid.nyelv.info/english.html [[http://romanid.nyelv.info/downloads.html offl.d]]

==== Sambahsa ====
Multiple languages http://sambahsa.pbworks.com/w/page/10183084/FrontPage [offl.d]

==== Slovio ====
English https://www.slovio.com/

==== Toaq ====
English https://toaq.net/

==== Toki Pona ====
English https://moosader.itch.io/toki-pona-pal

==== Uropi ====
Multiple languages http://uropi.free.fr/index1.html

==== Unish ====
Korean http://www.unish.net/

== Q&A ==
=== How to pick the best course from many? ===
First, see how much it can teach you. You can roughly estimate from the last lesson. Second, see how detailed it can be and how many mistakes it contains. You can't easily achieve this if you are a beginner of the language. As a result, maybe you should expect to learn from more than one source, instead of picking the best one.

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-Courses

2022-07-11T18:51:19Z

Sybille: /* Urdu */

[[Category:Free-Resources]]
<div class="pg_page_title">Best Internet Courses</div>
[[File:internet_courses.jpg|thumb]]
Hi Polyglots! 😊

On this page we have put together a selection of the best free courses for learning the main languages of the world.

The term “course” means structured set of material for learning and practising, mainly around grammar.

This page has a [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-Blogs sibling page].

Languages being taught are the headings, the language being used to teach are paragraph.

Enjoy your learning journey with Polyglot Club! 😎

== Main ==
Courses available for offline use (document, webpage, program) are marked separately with [offl.d], [offl.w], [offl.p]; courses in public domain are marked with [PD]; courses under public licenses are marked with [PL].

=== Multiple languages ===
Multiple languages
* https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Languages [offl.w [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use PL]]
* https://www.duolingo.com/
* https://www.lingolia.com/
* https://www.worddive.com/grammar/
* English & Spanish & German https://www.usinggrammar.com/ | https://www.cafe-lingua.de/ | https://www.estudiogramatica.com/
* French & English https://www.tolearnfree.com/free-educational-sites.php
* (about Frisian languages) https://www.learnfrisian.com/

English
* https://fsi-languages.yojik.eu/ [offl.d PD(partial)]
* https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/
* https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Languages
* https://www.coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/ [PL]
* https://www.coursera.org/browse/language-learning/
* https://www.german-grammar.de/
* http://listeningpractice.org/
* (about Japanese & Turkish & Spanish) https://elon.io/

German
* https://www.grammatiken.de/
* https://www.multilingual.de/
* https://www.schule-bw.de/faecher-und-schularten/sprachen-und-literatur
* https://www.uebungskoenig.de/
* (about English & French & German)
** https://www.tutoria.de/unterrichtsmaterialien/
** https://freie-referate.de/
** https://onlineuebung.de/
* (about English & German)
** https://online-lernen.levrai.de/index.htm
** https://unterrichten.zum.de/wiki/Hauptseite
** https://www.lernhelfer.de/
** https://www.studysmarter.de/schule

Russian https://www.start2study.ru/

=== Afrikaans ===
English https://www.easyafrikaans.com/

=== American Sign Language ===
English
* https://theaslapp.com/
* https://www.handspeak.com/
* https://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/lessons/lessons.htm
* https://www.startasl.com/

=== Arabic ===
English https://www.arabic.desert-sky.net/grammar.html

==== Moroccan Arabic ====
English https://friendsofmorocco.org/learnarabic.htm [offl.d]

==== Standard Arabic ====
Multiple languages English & French & Turkish https://learning.aljazeera.net/

English
* https://www.learnarabiconline.com/
* https://www.madinaharabic.com/
* https://www.arabic-keyboard.org/arabic/ [offl.d]

=== Armenian ===
English
* https://ayolingo.org/
* http://www.armeniapedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Language_Lessons [offl.d]

=== Berber ===

==== Tachelhit ====
English https://friendsofmorocco.org/learnTashlheet.htm [offl.d]

=== Bulgarian ===
English https://www.bulgaro.io/

=== Buryat ===
Russian https://nom.buryat-lang.ru/

=== Chinese ===
==== Mandarin Chinese ====
Multiple languages
* French & English https://chine.in/mandarin/ [PL(partial)]

English
* https://ninchanese.com/
* https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese
* https://www.learnmandarinchinese.com/
* http://www.hellochinese.cc/ [offl.p]

==== Yue Chinese ====
English
* https://sites.google.com/site/learncanto/
* https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/

=== Czech ===
Czech https://www.nechybujte.cz/gramatika-cestiny

=== Dutch ===
Dutch https://ikschrijfbeter.nl/

English
* https://learnpractice.com/
* https://www.dutchgrammar.com/
* https://www.learndutch.org/

=== English ===
Multiple languages
* https://helloenglish.com/
* https://www.efhello.com/
* Spanish & Portuguese https://idiomas.gcfglobal.org/
* English & Spanish https://www.really-learn-english.com/

English
* https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar
* https://www.english-grammar.at/
* https://onlymyenglish.com/
* https://www.grammarbook.com/
* https://www.learngrammar.net/
* https://www.talkenglish.com/

French
* https://anglais-rapide.fr/
* https://angleterre.org.uk/anglais/grammar.htm
* https://monsieurboursier.fr/index.htm
* https://wallstreetenglish.fr/fiches-anglais/grammaire/
* https://www.anglaiscours.fr/
* https://www.anglissime.com/
* https://www.educastream.com/
* https://www.e-anglais.com/index.php
* https://www.teddybarbier.com/

German
* https://www.ef.de/englisch-hilfen/
* https://www.ego4u.de/
* https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/
* https://www.englisch-lernen-online.de/
* https://www.englischeinfach.com/
* https://www.kapiert.de/englisch/
* https://www.unterricht.de/Englisch/Oberstufe [offl.d]

Italian
* https://corsoinglese.altervista.org/
* https://www.esercizi-inglese.com/
* https://www.grammaticainglese.net/
* https://www.nspeak.com/newbasic/
* https://www.tuttoinglese.it/

Japanese
* https://delta-scope.com/
* https://eigogakusyu-web.com/
* https://englishcafe.jp/
* https://toiguru.jp/english-grammar
* https://www.eibunpou.net/index.html
* https://www.english-speaking.jp/table-of-contents-for-basic-english-grammar/
* http://makki-english.moo.jp/index.html

Mandarin Chinese
* https://engeasylearn.blogspot.com/
* https://en-grammar.xiao84.com/
* https://www.en998.com/g/
* https://www.hellotoabc.com/
* https://www.kekenet.com/grammar/
* https://www.tingclass.net/yufa/
* http://www.yingyuyufa.com/

Russian
* https://catchenglish.ru/
* https://engblog.ru/
* https://grammarway.com/
* https://lim-english.com/
* https://myefe.ru/
* https://simpler.link/
* https://study-english.info/
* https://www.enlineschool.com/grammar/
* https://www.native-english.ru/

Spanish
* https://blogpara-aprenderingles.blogspot.com/
* https://gramaticainglesa.org/
* https://inglesparaprincipiantes.net/
* https://londoneyepad.com/academia-de-ingles-en-cordoba/gramatica-inglesa/
* https://menuaingles.blogspot.com/2006/04/lessons.html
* https://whitmanenglish.wordpress.com/
* https://www.curso-ingles.com/
* https://www.ef.com.ar/recursos-aprender-ingles/
* https://www.ef.com.pa/recursos-aprender-ingles/
* https://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/
* https://www.englishspanishlink.com/
* https://www.enliza.es/GRAMATICA%20JQUERY/1_INICIO/inicio.php
* https://www.inglesmundial.com/
* https://www.inglessencillo.com/
* https://www.lewolang.com/gramatica-inglesa
* https://www.mansioningles.com/
* https://www.ompersonal.net/
* https://www.pacho8a.com/ingl%C3%A9s/
* https://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/indice.php
* https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/
* https://www.todamateria.com.br/ingles/
* https://www.weloveteachingenglish.com/es/lecciones-gratis-para-aprender-ingles.html [PL]
* http://www.saberingles.com.ar/index.html

Portuguese https://www.ef.com.br/guia-de-ingles/

=== Esperanto ===
Multiple languages
* https://lernu.net/
* https://www.kurso.com.br/ [offl.p]
* European languages https://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/universala_vortaro.html [offl.w]

Esperanto https://bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html [offl.d PL]

English http://esperanto-edmonton.wikidot.com/kellerman-answerkey [offl.d]

French http://www.la-vortaro.net/cours1/index.html

German https://agei.esperanto-urbo.de/netzkurs/

=== Finnish ===
English https://venla.info/

=== French ===
French
* https://la-conjugaison.nouvelobs.com/regles/
* https://www.bonjourdefrance.com/
* https://www.cordial.fr/grammaire
* https://www.espacefrancais.com/
* http://www.frenchlanguageguide.com/

English
* https://about-france.com/french/index.htm
* https://www.frenchplanations.com/
* https://www.lawlessfrench.com/
* https://www.thefrenchexperiment.com/
* http://frenchtutorial.com/
* http://www.french-linguistics.co.uk/grammar/

=== German ===
Multiple languages
* https://deutsch.info/
* German & English https://www.deutschakademie.de/online-deutschkurs/

German
* https://coerll.utexas.edu/dib/ [offl.d PL]
* https://deutschegrammatik20.de/
* https://deutschtraining.org/deutsch-lernen-online/
* https://easy-deutsch.de/deutsche-grammatik-uebersicht/
* https://kyrosschule.de/
* https://mein-deutschbuch.de/startseite.html
* https://sprachekulturkommunikation.com/
* https://www.kapiert.de/deutsch/

English
* https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/
* https://en.easy-deutsch.de/german-grammar-overview/
* https://german.net/
* https://github.com/edigu/almanca
* https://www.thegermanproject.com/
* https://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Grammatik.html
* https://www.germanveryeasy.com/
* https://www.thegermanproject.com/
* http://germanforenglishspeakers.com/

Spanish https://www.alemansencillo.com/

=== Haitian ===
English https://www.howtocreole.com/p/learn-haitian-creole.html

=== Hebrew ===
English https://www.teachmehebrew.com/

=== Hindi ===
English
* https://www.learning-hindi.com/ [offl.d]
* https://www.mindurhindi.com/

=== Hungarian ===
English http://www.hungarianreference.com/

=== Icelandic ===
English https://icelandiconline.com/

=== Ido ===
Multiple languages https://idolinguo.org.uk/ [offl.w]

=== Interlingua ===
English https://www.interlingua.com/an/curso/ [offl.d]

=== Interlingue ===
Multiple languages
* Interlingue & English & German https://www.ie-munde.com/materiale-por-aprender-interlingue-lehrmaterial.html [offl.d]

=== Inuktitut ===
Multiple languages
* English & French https://tusaalanga.ca/

=== Italian ===
Multiple languages
* Italian & English & German http://www.oneworlditaliano.com/
* Italian & English & Spanish https://learnamo.com/

Italian
* https://grammatica-italiana.dossier.net/
* https://www.lagrammaticaitaliana.it/
* http://www.grammatica-italiana.it/
* http://www.locuta.com/eclassroom_gramm.html

English
* https://onlineitalianclub.com/
* https://www.theitalianexperiment.com/
* http://www.italianlanguageguide.com/

=== Jamaican Creole English ===
English https://opengrammar.github.io/jam/ [[https://github.com/opengrammar/jam-learners-grammar offl.p] PL]

=== Japanese ===
Multiple languages
* https://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar [offl.d PL] ''Hover the mouse on “Grammar Guide” on the top bar, click on “Translations” to see other languages.''

Japanese https://upwrite.jp/grammar/

English
* https://jlptsensei.com/
* https://learnjapanesedaily.com/
* https://marshallyin.com/
* https://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/ [offl.w]
* https://steven-kraft.com/projects/japanese/
* https://www.yookoso.com/
* https://www.imabi.net/
* https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/home/
* https://www2.gwu.edu/~eall/vjgnew/vjghomepage/vjghome.htm
* https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/learnjapanese/

German
* https://www.japanisch-grund-und-intensivkurs.de/

Mandarin Chinese
* https://soukaapp.com/
* https://www.sigure.tw/learn-japanese/

=== Kannada ===
English http://www.learnkannadaonline.com/

=== Kiribati ===
English https://www.trussel.com/f_kir.htm [offl.d]

=== Korean ===
Multiple languages
* http://www.korean-course.com/

English
* https://koreanjun.com/
* https://pathwaytokorean.osu.edu/
* https://ultimatekorean.com/
* https://world.kbs.co.kr/learn_korean
* https://www.90daykorean.com/
* https://www.koreanwikiproject.com/
* https://www.howtostudykorean.com/

=== Kurdish ===
==== Central Kurdish ====
English https://www.kurdishcentral.org/

=== Lingua Franca Nova ===
Multiple languages http://elefen.org/ [offl.d]

=== Lojban ===
English https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojban [offl.d]

=== Macedonian ===
English http://www.learn-mk.com/ [offl.w]

=== Māori ===
English https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-PraDict.html [PL]

=== Modern Greek ===
English
* https://www.greekgrammar.eu/
* https://www.foundalis.com/lan/grkgram.htm
* http://kypros.org/LearnGreek/
* http://www.xanthi.ilsp.gr/filog/

=== Nepali ===
English https://javabog.dk/filer/nepali/ [offl.d PL]

=== New Zealand Sign Language ===
English http://www.learnnzsl.nz/#/id/co-01

=== Northern Frisian ===
German https://liirnordfriisk.blogspot.com/

=== Norwegian ===
==== Norwegian Bokmål ====
Norwegian Bokmål https://www.riksmalsforbundet.no/grammatikk-en-innforing/

English
* https://norwegianabc.com/
* https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/A_Norwegian_Grammar_Sparrer
* https://www.learn-norwegian.net/
* https://www.ntnu.edu/web/now/info

=== Old English ===
English https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bright%27s_Anglo-Saxon_Reader

=== Pennsylvania German ===
English https://www.deitshbooks.com/books.html [offl.d]

=== Persian ===
==== Iranian Persian ====
Multiple languages https://www.jahanshiri.ir/

English
* https://www.easypersian.com/
* https://www.persiandee.com/view/showLesson/currentLesson/0
* https://www.persianlanguageonline.com/learn
* https://persian.sdsu.edu/

=== Polish ===
Multiple languages
* English & German https://mowicpopolsku.com/

English
* https://www.apronus.com/learnpolish/
* https://polishgrammar.com/free-online-course/
* https://skwierzyna.net/learn_polish.htm [offl.d]

=== Portuguese ===
Portuguese
* https://www.aulete.com.br/site.php?mdl=gramatica
* https://www.flip.pt/FLiP-On-line/Gramatica
* https://www.infoescola.com/portugues/
* https://www.todamateria.com.br/gramatica/

=== Romanian ===
Multiple languages https://www.learnro.com/

English https://simpleromanian.com/

=== Russian ===
Multiple languages
* https://russky.info/
* English & French http://masterrussian.com/

English
* https://everydayrussianlanguage.com/en/home/
* https://learnrussianstepbystep.com/en/learn-russian/
* https://learnrussian.rt.com/
* https://www.russianforeveryone.com/
* https://www.russianforfree.com/
* https://www.russianlessons.net/
* http://russianlearn.com/

=== Samoan ===
English
* https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-PraDict.html [PL]
* https://samoan.ws/

=== Scottish Gaelic ===
English
* https://go-gaelic.scot/
* https://learngaelic.scot/

=== Serbo-Croatian ===
==== Bosnian ====
Standard Arabic http://www.speakbosnian.com/

==== Croatian ====
English https://www.hr4eu.hr/

=== Sindarin ===
English http://sindarinlessons.weebly.com/ [offl.d]

=== Sindhi ===
English https://learn.sindhila.edu.pk/

=== Slovak ===
Multiple languages https://slovake.eu/

=== Slovenian ===
English http://learnslovenian.net/

=== Spanish ===
Spanish https://www.spanish.cl/

English
* https://studyspanish.com/grammar
* https://www.spanish411.net/ [PL]
* https://www.spanishdict.com/guide
* https://www.spanishlearninglab.com/
* https://www.spanishveryeasy.com/
* https://www.thespanishexperiment.com/

=== Swedish ===
Swedish http://blog.lardigsvenska.com/p/grammar.html

English https://www.sayitinswedish.com/

=== Tagalog ===
English
* https://www.tagaloglessons.com/
* https://www.tagaloglang.com/

=== Talossan ===
English http://talossan.com/

=== Tamil ===
English https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/

=== Telugu ===
English http://www.learningtelugu.org/ [offl.d]

=== Thai ===
English http://www.thai-language.com/

=== Tsonga ===
English https://www.xitsonga.org/

=== Turkish ===
English
* https://www.turkishclass.com/turkish/lessons/turkish_classes.php
* http://turkishbasics.com/

=== Ukrainian ===
English https://www.ukrainianlanguage.org.uk/read/index.htm

=== Urdu ===
English https://www.urdu-english.com/

=== Uzbek ===
English https://teachyourselfuzbek.com/

=== Volapük ===
English https://xn--volapk-7ya.com/

=== Uncoded languages ===
==== aUI ====
English https://auilanguage.org/

==== Folksprak ====
English https://folksprak.org/

==== Glosa ====
Multiple languages
* English & German http://www.glosa.org/en/index_materia.html [offl.d]

==== Ithkuil ====
English http://ithkuil.net/

==== Lingwa de Planeta ====
Multiple languages
* Russian & English http://www.lingwadeplaneta.info/

==== Loglan ====
English http://www.loglan.org/

==== Romániço ====
English http://romaniczo.com/

==== Romanid ====
English http://romanid.nyelv.info/english.html [[http://romanid.nyelv.info/downloads.html offl.d]]

==== Sambahsa ====
Multiple languages http://sambahsa.pbworks.com/w/page/10183084/FrontPage [offl.d]

==== Slovio ====
English https://www.slovio.com/

==== Toaq ====
English https://toaq.net/

==== Toki Pona ====
English https://moosader.itch.io/toki-pona-pal

==== Uropi ====
Multiple languages http://uropi.free.fr/index1.html

==== Unish ====
Korean http://www.unish.net/

== Q&A ==
=== How to pick the best course from many? ===
First, see how much it can teach you. You can roughly estimate from the last lesson. Second, see how detailed it can be and how many mistakes it contains. You can't easily achieve this if you are a beginner of the language. As a result, maybe you should expect to learn from more than one source, instead of picking the best one.

==Shared on:==
* https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/comments/vwewto/selection_of_the_best_free_courses_for_learning/

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Best-Guitarists

2022-07-11T10:20:44Z

Sybille:

<div class="pg_page_title">🎸 The Best Acoustic Guitarists in the World in 2022</div>
[[File:best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb]]

It is well known, music is a universal language! So here is my ranking of the best videos of the best '''acoustic guitarists''' in the world!

Of course this is specific to everyone: this is my ranking.

NB: It's evolving all the time as I discover new guistarists.

What about you?
* What is your ranking?
* Please write a comment below 😎

==Kent Nishimura (西村ケント) from Japan==
https://www.kentnishimura.online/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkk24x1x3YI</youtube>

==Lucas Imbiriba from Brazil==
https://www.lucasimbiriba.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOIxac4zDKI</youtube>

==Robert Svärd from Sweden==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgqmxsxXnC0</youtube>

==Kim Jinsan (김진산) from South Korea==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grlvDLzvbL4</youtube>

==Marcin from Poland & Ichika Nito from Japan==
https://marcinofficial.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXJc5SFW-I</youtube>

==Grisha Goryachev (Гриша Горячев) from Russia==
https://www.grishaguitar.us/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahztizVxXeQ</youtube>

==Alexandr Misko (Александр Мисько) from Russia==
https://alexandrmisko.com/
<youtube>https://youtu.be/YzgTMh21zhI</youtube>

==Luca Stricagnoli from Italy==
https://www.lucastricagnoli.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIpOxa5hxOw</youtube>

==Mike Dawes from the United States==
https://mikedawes.co.uk/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGc5in2F_Rg</youtube>

==Ewan Dobson from the United States==
https://ewandobson.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GRR3F9FLM8</youtube>

==Mark Polawat (มาร์ค พลวัตร) from Thailand==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VvC0B3_82E</youtube>

==Casper Esmann from the United States==
https://www.esmannmusic.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g15ckRYCu0k</youtube>

==Seiji Igusa (井草聖二) from Japan==
https://www.igusaseiji.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8kFrqRMXQM</youtube>

==Josephine Alexandra from Indonesia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTgXgN9fOsk</youtube>

==Author==
* https://polyglotclub.com/member/vincent

==Shared on:==
* https://www.reddit.com/r/AcousticGuitar/comments/vvq3n8/in_my_opinion_the_best_acoustic_guitarists_in_the/

{{#seo:
|title=🎸 Best Guitarists in 2022
|keywords=guitar, flamenco, acoustic, youtube, best, guitarist
|description=I share with you my selection of the best guitarists in 2021 (in my opinion)
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/8/88/Best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg/800px-Best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg
}}

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Best-Guitarists

2022-07-11T10:19:48Z

Sybille:

<div class="pg_page_title">🎸 The Best Acoustic Guitarists in the World in 2022</div>
[[File:best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb]]

It is well known, music is a universal language! So here is my ranking of the best videos of the best '''acoustic guitarists''' in the world!

Of course this is specific to everyone: this is my ranking.

NB: It's evolving all the time as I discover new guistarists.

What about you?
* What is your ranking?
* Please write a comment below 😎

==Kent Nishimura (西村ケント) from Japan==
https://www.kentnishimura.online/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkk24x1x3YI</youtube>

==Lucas Imbiriba from Brazil==
https://www.lucasimbiriba.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOIxac4zDKI</youtube>

==Robert Svärd from Sweden==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgqmxsxXnC0</youtube>

==Kim Jinsan (김진산) from South Korea==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grlvDLzvbL4</youtube>

==Marcin from Poland & Ichika Nito from Japan==
https://marcinofficial.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXJc5SFW-I</youtube>

==Grisha Goryachev (Гриша Горячев) from Russia==
https://www.grishaguitar.us/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahztizVxXeQ</youtube>

==Alexandr Misko (Александр Мисько) from Russia==
https://alexandrmisko.com/
<youtube>https://youtu.be/YzgTMh21zhI</youtube>

==Luca Stricagnoli from Italy==
https://www.lucastricagnoli.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIpOxa5hxOw</youtube>

==Mike Dawes from the United States==
https://mikedawes.co.uk/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGc5in2F_Rg</youtube>

==Ewan Dobson from the United States==
https://ewandobson.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GRR3F9FLM8</youtube>

==Mark Polawat (มาร์ค พลวัตร) from Thailand==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VvC0B3_82E</youtube>

==Casper Esmann from the United States==
https://www.esmannmusic.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g15ckRYCu0k</youtube>

==Seiji Igusa (井草聖二) from Japan==
https://www.igusaseiji.com/
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8kFrqRMXQM</youtube>

==Josephine Alexandra from Indonesia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTgXgN9fOsk</youtube>

==Author==
* https://polyglotclub.com/member/vincent

{{#seo:
|title=🎸 Best Guitarists in 2022
|keywords=guitar, flamenco, acoustic, youtube, best, guitarist
|description=I share with you my selection of the best guitarists in 2021 (in my opinion)
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/8/88/Best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg/800px-Best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg
}}

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-Courses

2022-07-11T10:16:14Z

Sybille:

[[Category:Free-Resources]]
<div class="pg_page_title">Best Internet Courses</div>
[[File:internet_courses.jpg|thumb]]
Hi Polyglots! 😊

On this page we have put together a selection of the best free courses for learning the main languages of the world.

The term “course” means structured set of material for learning and practising, mainly around grammar.

This page has a [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-Blogs sibling page].

Languages being taught are the headings, the language being used to teach are paragraph.

Enjoy your learning journey with Polyglot Club! 😎

== Main ==
Courses available for offline use (document, webpage, program) are marked separately with [offl.d], [offl.w], [offl.p]; courses in public domain are marked with [PD]; courses under public licenses are marked with [PL].

=== Multiple languages ===
Multiple languages
* https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Languages [offl.w [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use PL]]
* https://www.duolingo.com/
* https://www.lingolia.com/
* https://www.worddive.com/grammar/
* English & Spanish & German https://www.usinggrammar.com/ | https://www.cafe-lingua.de/ | https://www.estudiogramatica.com/
* French & English https://www.tolearnfree.com/free-educational-sites.php
* (about Frisian languages) https://www.learnfrisian.com/

English
* https://fsi-languages.yojik.eu/ [offl.d PD(partial)]
* https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/
* https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Languages
* https://www.coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/ [PL]
* https://www.coursera.org/browse/language-learning/
* https://www.german-grammar.de/
* http://listeningpractice.org/
* (about Japanese & Turkish & Spanish) https://elon.io/

German
* https://www.grammatiken.de/
* https://www.multilingual.de/
* https://www.schule-bw.de/faecher-und-schularten/sprachen-und-literatur
* https://www.uebungskoenig.de/
* (about English & French & German)
** https://www.tutoria.de/unterrichtsmaterialien/
** https://freie-referate.de/
** https://onlineuebung.de/
* (about English & German)
** https://online-lernen.levrai.de/index.htm
** https://unterrichten.zum.de/wiki/Hauptseite
** https://www.lernhelfer.de/
** https://www.studysmarter.de/schule

Russian https://www.start2study.ru/

=== Afrikaans ===
English https://www.easyafrikaans.com/

=== American Sign Language ===
English
* https://theaslapp.com/
* https://www.handspeak.com/
* https://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/lessons/lessons.htm
* https://www.startasl.com/

=== Arabic ===
English https://www.arabic.desert-sky.net/grammar.html

==== Moroccan Arabic ====
English https://friendsofmorocco.org/learnarabic.htm [offl.d]

==== Standard Arabic ====
Multiple languages English & French & Turkish https://learning.aljazeera.net/

English
* https://www.learnarabiconline.com/
* https://www.madinaharabic.com/
* https://www.arabic-keyboard.org/arabic/ [offl.d]

=== Armenian ===
English
* https://ayolingo.org/
* http://www.armeniapedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Language_Lessons [offl.d]

=== Berber ===

==== Tachelhit ====
English https://friendsofmorocco.org/learnTashlheet.htm [offl.d]

=== Bulgarian ===
English https://www.bulgaro.io/

=== Buryat ===
Russian https://nom.buryat-lang.ru/

=== Chinese ===
==== Mandarin Chinese ====
Multiple languages
* French & English https://chine.in/mandarin/ [PL(partial)]

English
* https://ninchanese.com/
* https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese
* https://www.learnmandarinchinese.com/
* http://www.hellochinese.cc/ [offl.p]

==== Yue Chinese ====
English
* https://sites.google.com/site/learncanto/
* https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/

=== Czech ===
Czech https://www.nechybujte.cz/gramatika-cestiny

=== Dutch ===
Dutch https://ikschrijfbeter.nl/

English
* https://learnpractice.com/
* https://www.dutchgrammar.com/
* https://www.learndutch.org/

=== English ===
Multiple languages
* https://helloenglish.com/
* https://www.efhello.com/
* Spanish & Portuguese https://idiomas.gcfglobal.org/
* English & Spanish https://www.really-learn-english.com/

English
* https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar
* https://www.english-grammar.at/
* https://onlymyenglish.com/
* https://www.grammarbook.com/
* https://www.learngrammar.net/
* https://www.talkenglish.com/

French
* https://anglais-rapide.fr/
* https://angleterre.org.uk/anglais/grammar.htm
* https://monsieurboursier.fr/index.htm
* https://wallstreetenglish.fr/fiches-anglais/grammaire/
* https://www.anglaiscours.fr/
* https://www.anglissime.com/
* https://www.educastream.com/
* https://www.e-anglais.com/index.php
* https://www.teddybarbier.com/

German
* https://www.ef.de/englisch-hilfen/
* https://www.ego4u.de/
* https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/
* https://www.englisch-lernen-online.de/
* https://www.englischeinfach.com/
* https://www.kapiert.de/englisch/
* https://www.unterricht.de/Englisch/Oberstufe [offl.d]

Italian
* https://corsoinglese.altervista.org/
* https://www.esercizi-inglese.com/
* https://www.grammaticainglese.net/
* https://www.nspeak.com/newbasic/
* https://www.tuttoinglese.it/

Japanese
* https://delta-scope.com/
* https://eigogakusyu-web.com/
* https://englishcafe.jp/
* https://toiguru.jp/english-grammar
* https://www.eibunpou.net/index.html
* https://www.english-speaking.jp/table-of-contents-for-basic-english-grammar/
* http://makki-english.moo.jp/index.html

Mandarin Chinese
* https://engeasylearn.blogspot.com/
* https://en-grammar.xiao84.com/
* https://www.en998.com/g/
* https://www.hellotoabc.com/
* https://www.kekenet.com/grammar/
* https://www.tingclass.net/yufa/
* http://www.yingyuyufa.com/

Russian
* https://catchenglish.ru/
* https://engblog.ru/
* https://grammarway.com/
* https://lim-english.com/
* https://myefe.ru/
* https://simpler.link/
* https://study-english.info/
* https://www.enlineschool.com/grammar/
* https://www.native-english.ru/

Spanish
* https://blogpara-aprenderingles.blogspot.com/
* https://gramaticainglesa.org/
* https://inglesparaprincipiantes.net/
* https://londoneyepad.com/academia-de-ingles-en-cordoba/gramatica-inglesa/
* https://menuaingles.blogspot.com/2006/04/lessons.html
* https://whitmanenglish.wordpress.com/
* https://www.curso-ingles.com/
* https://www.ef.com.ar/recursos-aprender-ingles/
* https://www.ef.com.pa/recursos-aprender-ingles/
* https://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/
* https://www.englishspanishlink.com/
* https://www.enliza.es/GRAMATICA%20JQUERY/1_INICIO/inicio.php
* https://www.inglesmundial.com/
* https://www.inglessencillo.com/
* https://www.lewolang.com/gramatica-inglesa
* https://www.mansioningles.com/
* https://www.ompersonal.net/
* https://www.pacho8a.com/ingl%C3%A9s/
* https://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/indice.php
* https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/
* https://www.todamateria.com.br/ingles/
* https://www.weloveteachingenglish.com/es/lecciones-gratis-para-aprender-ingles.html [PL]
* http://www.saberingles.com.ar/index.html

Portuguese https://www.ef.com.br/guia-de-ingles/

=== Esperanto ===
Multiple languages
* https://lernu.net/
* https://www.kurso.com.br/ [offl.p]
* European languages https://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/universala_vortaro.html [offl.w]

Esperanto https://bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html [offl.d PL]

English http://esperanto-edmonton.wikidot.com/kellerman-answerkey [offl.d]

French http://www.la-vortaro.net/cours1/index.html

German https://agei.esperanto-urbo.de/netzkurs/

=== Finnish ===
English https://venla.info/

=== French ===
French
* https://la-conjugaison.nouvelobs.com/regles/
* https://www.bonjourdefrance.com/
* https://www.cordial.fr/grammaire
* https://www.espacefrancais.com/
* http://www.frenchlanguageguide.com/

English
* https://about-france.com/french/index.htm
* https://www.frenchplanations.com/
* https://www.lawlessfrench.com/
* https://www.thefrenchexperiment.com/
* http://frenchtutorial.com/
* http://www.french-linguistics.co.uk/grammar/

=== German ===
Multiple languages
* https://deutsch.info/
* German & English https://www.deutschakademie.de/online-deutschkurs/

German
* https://coerll.utexas.edu/dib/ [offl.d PL]
* https://deutschegrammatik20.de/
* https://deutschtraining.org/deutsch-lernen-online/
* https://easy-deutsch.de/deutsche-grammatik-uebersicht/
* https://kyrosschule.de/
* https://mein-deutschbuch.de/startseite.html
* https://sprachekulturkommunikation.com/
* https://www.kapiert.de/deutsch/

English
* https://courses.dcs.wisc.edu/wp/readinggerman/
* https://en.easy-deutsch.de/german-grammar-overview/
* https://german.net/
* https://github.com/edigu/almanca
* https://www.thegermanproject.com/
* https://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Grammatik.html
* https://www.germanveryeasy.com/
* https://www.thegermanproject.com/
* http://germanforenglishspeakers.com/

Spanish https://www.alemansencillo.com/

=== Haitian ===
English https://www.howtocreole.com/p/learn-haitian-creole.html

=== Hebrew ===
English https://www.teachmehebrew.com/

=== Hindi ===
English
* https://www.learning-hindi.com/ [offl.d]
* https://www.mindurhindi.com/

=== Hungarian ===
English http://www.hungarianreference.com/

=== Icelandic ===
English https://icelandiconline.com/

=== Ido ===
Multiple languages https://idolinguo.org.uk/ [offl.w]

=== Interlingua ===
English https://www.interlingua.com/an/curso/ [offl.d]

=== Interlingue ===
Multiple languages
* Interlingue & English & German https://www.ie-munde.com/materiale-por-aprender-interlingue-lehrmaterial.html [offl.d]

=== Inuktitut ===
Multiple languages
* English & French https://tusaalanga.ca/

=== Italian ===
Multiple languages
* Italian & English & German http://www.oneworlditaliano.com/
* Italian & English & Spanish https://learnamo.com/

Italian
* https://grammatica-italiana.dossier.net/
* https://www.lagrammaticaitaliana.it/
* http://www.grammatica-italiana.it/
* http://www.locuta.com/eclassroom_gramm.html

English
* https://onlineitalianclub.com/
* https://www.theitalianexperiment.com/
* http://www.italianlanguageguide.com/

=== Jamaican Creole English ===
English https://opengrammar.github.io/jam/ [[https://github.com/opengrammar/jam-learners-grammar offl.p] PL]

=== Japanese ===
Multiple languages
* https://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar [offl.d PL] ''Hover the mouse on “Grammar Guide” on the top bar, click on “Translations” to see other languages.''

Japanese https://upwrite.jp/grammar/

English
* https://jlptsensei.com/
* https://learnjapanesedaily.com/
* https://marshallyin.com/
* https://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/ [offl.w]
* https://steven-kraft.com/projects/japanese/
* https://www.yookoso.com/
* https://www.imabi.net/
* https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/home/
* https://www2.gwu.edu/~eall/vjgnew/vjghomepage/vjghome.htm
* https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/learnjapanese/

German
* https://www.japanisch-grund-und-intensivkurs.de/

Mandarin Chinese
* https://soukaapp.com/
* https://www.sigure.tw/learn-japanese/

=== Kannada ===
English http://www.learnkannadaonline.com/

=== Kiribati ===
English https://www.trussel.com/f_kir.htm [offl.d]

=== Korean ===
Multiple languages
* http://www.korean-course.com/

English
* https://koreanjun.com/
* https://pathwaytokorean.osu.edu/
* https://ultimatekorean.com/
* https://world.kbs.co.kr/learn_korean
* https://www.90daykorean.com/
* https://www.koreanwikiproject.com/
* https://www.howtostudykorean.com/

=== Kurdish ===
==== Central Kurdish ====
English https://www.kurdishcentral.org/

=== Lingua Franca Nova ===
Multiple languages http://elefen.org/ [offl.d]

=== Lojban ===
English https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojban [offl.d]

=== Macedonian ===
English http://www.learn-mk.com/ [offl.w]

=== Māori ===
English https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-PraDict.html [PL]

=== Modern Greek ===
English
* https://www.greekgrammar.eu/
* https://www.foundalis.com/lan/grkgram.htm
* http://kypros.org/LearnGreek/
* http://www.xanthi.ilsp.gr/filog/

=== Nepali ===
English https://javabog.dk/filer/nepali/ [offl.d PL]

=== New Zealand Sign Language ===
English http://www.learnnzsl.nz/#/id/co-01

=== Northern Frisian ===
German https://liirnordfriisk.blogspot.com/

=== Norwegian ===
==== Norwegian Bokmål ====
Norwegian Bokmål https://www.riksmalsforbundet.no/grammatikk-en-innforing/

English
* https://norwegianabc.com/
* https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/A_Norwegian_Grammar_Sparrer
* https://www.learn-norwegian.net/
* https://www.ntnu.edu/web/now/info

=== Old English ===
English https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bright%27s_Anglo-Saxon_Reader

=== Pennsylvania German ===
English https://www.deitshbooks.com/books.html [offl.d]

=== Persian ===
==== Iranian Persian ====
Multiple languages https://www.jahanshiri.ir/

English
* https://www.easypersian.com/
* https://www.persiandee.com/view/showLesson/currentLesson/0
* https://www.persianlanguageonline.com/learn
* https://persian.sdsu.edu/

=== Polish ===
Multiple languages
* English & German https://mowicpopolsku.com/

English
* https://www.apronus.com/learnpolish/
* https://polishgrammar.com/free-online-course/
* https://skwierzyna.net/learn_polish.htm [offl.d]

=== Portuguese ===
Portuguese
* https://www.aulete.com.br/site.php?mdl=gramatica
* https://www.flip.pt/FLiP-On-line/Gramatica
* https://www.infoescola.com/portugues/
* https://www.todamateria.com.br/gramatica/

=== Romanian ===
Multiple languages https://www.learnro.com/

English https://simpleromanian.com/

=== Russian ===
Multiple languages
* https://russky.info/
* English & French http://masterrussian.com/

English
* https://everydayrussianlanguage.com/en/home/
* https://learnrussianstepbystep.com/en/learn-russian/
* https://learnrussian.rt.com/
* https://www.russianforeveryone.com/
* https://www.russianforfree.com/
* https://www.russianlessons.net/
* http://russianlearn.com/

=== Samoan ===
English
* https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-PraDict.html [PL]
* https://samoan.ws/

=== Scottish Gaelic ===
English
* https://go-gaelic.scot/
* https://learngaelic.scot/

=== Serbo-Croatian ===
==== Bosnian ====
Standard Arabic http://www.speakbosnian.com/

==== Croatian ====
English https://www.hr4eu.hr/

=== Sindarin ===
English http://sindarinlessons.weebly.com/ [offl.d]

=== Sindhi ===
English https://learn.sindhila.edu.pk/

=== Slovak ===
Multiple languages https://slovake.eu/

=== Slovenian ===
English http://learnslovenian.net/

=== Spanish ===
Spanish https://www.spanish.cl/

English
* https://studyspanish.com/grammar
* https://www.spanish411.net/ [PL]
* https://www.spanishdict.com/guide
* https://www.spanishlearninglab.com/
* https://www.spanishveryeasy.com/
* https://www.thespanishexperiment.com/

=== Swedish ===
Swedish http://blog.lardigsvenska.com/p/grammar.html

English https://www.sayitinswedish.com/

=== Tagalog ===
English
* https://www.tagaloglessons.com/
* https://www.tagaloglang.com/

=== Talossan ===
English http://talossan.com/

=== Tamil ===
English https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/

=== Telugu ===
English http://www.learningtelugu.org/ [offl.d]

=== Thai ===
English http://www.thai-language.com/

=== Tsonga ===
English https://www.xitsonga.org/

=== Turkish ===
English
* https://www.turkishclass.com/turkish/lessons/turkish_classes.php
* http://turkishbasics.com/

=== Ukrainian ===
English https://www.ukrainianlanguage.org.uk/read/index.htm

=== Urdu ===
English https://www.urdu-english.com/

=== Volapük ===
English https://xn--volapk-7ya.com/

=== Uncoded languages ===
==== aUI ====
English https://auilanguage.org/

==== Folksprak ====
English https://folksprak.org/

==== Glosa ====
Multiple languages
* English & German http://www.glosa.org/en/index_materia.html [offl.d]

==== Ithkuil ====
English http://ithkuil.net/

==== Lingwa de Planeta ====
Multiple languages
* Russian & English http://www.lingwadeplaneta.info/

==== Loglan ====
English http://www.loglan.org/

==== Romániço ====
English http://romaniczo.com/

==== Romanid ====
English http://romanid.nyelv.info/english.html [[http://romanid.nyelv.info/downloads.html offl.d]]

==== Sambahsa ====
Multiple languages http://sambahsa.pbworks.com/w/page/10183084/FrontPage [offl.d]

==== Slovio ====
English https://www.slovio.com/

==== Toaq ====
English https://toaq.net/

==== Toki Pona ====
English https://moosader.itch.io/toki-pona-pal

==== Uropi ====
Multiple languages http://uropi.free.fr/index1.html

==== Unish ====
Korean http://www.unish.net/

== Q&A ==
=== How to pick the best course from many? ===
First, see how much it can teach you. You can roughly estimate from the last lesson. Second, see how detailed it can be and how many mistakes it contains. You can't easily achieve this if you are a beginner of the language. As a result, maybe you should expect to learn from more than one source, instead of picking the best one.

==Shared on:==
* https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/comments/vwewto/selection_of_the_best_free_courses_for_learning/

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Best-Guitarists

2022-07-10T08:54:47Z

Sybille:

<div class="pg_page_title">🎸 The Best Acoustic Guitarists in the World in 2022</div>
[[File:best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb]]

It is well known, music is a universal language! So here is my ranking of the best videos of the best '''acoustic guitarists''' in the world!

Of course this is specific to everyone: this is my ranking.

NB: It's evolving all the time as I discover new guistarists.

What about you?
* What is your ranking?
* Please write a comment below 😎

==Kent Nishimura from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkk24x1x3YI</youtube>
==Lucas Imbiriba from Brazil==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOIxac4zDKI</youtube>
==Robert Svärd from Sweden==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgqmxsxXnC0</youtube>
==Kim Jinsan (김진산) from South Korea==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grlvDLzvbL4</youtube>

==Marcin from Poland & Ichika Nito from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXJc5SFW-I</youtube>
==Grisha Goryachev from Russia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahztizVxXeQ</youtube>
==Luca Stricagnoli from Italy==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIpOxa5hxOw</youtube>
==Alexandr Misko from Russia==
<youtube>https://youtu.be/YzgTMh21zhI</youtube>
==Ewan Dobson from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GRR3F9FLM8</youtube>
==Mark Polawat from Thailand==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VvC0B3_82E</youtube>
==Casper Esmann from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g15ckRYCu0k</youtube>
==Mike Dawes from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGc5in2F_Rg</youtube>
==Seiji Igusa from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8kFrqRMXQM</youtube>
==Josephine Alexandra from Indonesia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTgXgN9fOsk</youtube>
==Author==
* https://polyglotclub.com/member/vincent

{{#seo:
|title=🎸 Best Guitarists in 2022
|keywords=guitar, flamenco, acoustic, youtube, best, guitarist
|description=I share with you my selection of the best guitarists in 2021 (in my opinion)
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/8/88/Best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg/800px-Best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg
}}

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Best-Guitarists

2022-07-10T08:54:24Z

Sybille:

<div class="pg_page_title">🎸 The Best Acoustic Guitarists in the World in 2022</div>
[[File:best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb]]

It is well known, music is a universal language! So here is my ranking of the best videos of the best '''acoustic guitarists''' in the world!

Of course this is specific to everyone: this is my ranking.

NB: It's evolving all the time as I discover new guistarists.

What about you?
* What is your ranking?
* Please write a comment below 😎

==Kent Nishimura from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkk24x1x3YI</youtube>
==Lucas Imbiriba from Brazil==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOIxac4zDKI</youtube>
==Robert Svärd from Sweden==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgqmxsxXnC0</youtube>
==Kim Jinsan (김진산) from South Korea==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grlvDLzvbL4</youtube>

==Marcin from Poland & Ichika Nito from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXJc5SFW-I</youtube>
==Grisha Goryachev from Russia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahztizVxXeQ</youtube>
==Luca Stricagnoli from Italy==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIpOxa5hxOw</youtube>
==Alexandr Misko from Russia==
<youtube>https://youtu.be/YzgTMh21zhI</youtube>
==Ewan Dobson from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GRR3F9FLM8</youtube>
==Mark Polawat from Thailand==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VvC0B3_82E</youtube>
==Casper Esmann from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g15ckRYCu0k</youtube>
==Mike Dawes from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGc5in2F_Rg</youtube>
==Seiji Igusa from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8kFrqRMXQM</youtube>
==Josephine Alexandra from Indonesia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTgXgN9fOsk</youtube>
==Author==
* https://polyglotclub.com/member/vincent

{{#seo:
|title=🎸 Best Guitarists in 2022
|keywords=guitar, flamenco, acoustic, youtube, best, guitarist
|description=I share with you my selection of the best guitarists in 2021 (in my opinion)
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/5/58/Guitarists-polyglotclub.jpg
}}

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Best-Guitarists

2022-07-10T08:54:14Z

Sybille:

<div class="pg_page_title">🎸 The Best Acoustic Guitarists in the World in 2022</div>
[[File:best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb|none]]

It is well known, music is a universal language! So here is my ranking of the best videos of the best '''acoustic guitarists''' in the world!

Of course this is specific to everyone: this is my ranking.

NB: It's evolving all the time as I discover new guistarists.

What about you?
* What is your ranking?
* Please write a comment below 😎

==Kent Nishimura from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkk24x1x3YI</youtube>
==Lucas Imbiriba from Brazil==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOIxac4zDKI</youtube>
==Robert Svärd from Sweden==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgqmxsxXnC0</youtube>
==Kim Jinsan (김진산) from South Korea==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grlvDLzvbL4</youtube>

==Marcin from Poland & Ichika Nito from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXJc5SFW-I</youtube>
==Grisha Goryachev from Russia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahztizVxXeQ</youtube>
==Luca Stricagnoli from Italy==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIpOxa5hxOw</youtube>
==Alexandr Misko from Russia==
<youtube>https://youtu.be/YzgTMh21zhI</youtube>
==Ewan Dobson from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GRR3F9FLM8</youtube>
==Mark Polawat from Thailand==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VvC0B3_82E</youtube>
==Casper Esmann from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g15ckRYCu0k</youtube>
==Mike Dawes from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGc5in2F_Rg</youtube>
==Seiji Igusa from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8kFrqRMXQM</youtube>
==Josephine Alexandra from Indonesia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTgXgN9fOsk</youtube>
==Author==
* https://polyglotclub.com/member/vincent

{{#seo:
|title=🎸 Best Guitarists in 2022
|keywords=guitar, flamenco, acoustic, youtube, best, guitarist
|description=I share with you my selection of the best guitarists in 2021 (in my opinion)
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/5/58/Guitarists-polyglotclub.jpg
}}

File:Best-guitarists-acoustic-polyglotclub.jpg

2022-07-10T08:54:04Z

Sybille: File uploaded with MsUpload

File uploaded with MsUpload

File:132749289 222490202777366 2779368531547911159 n.jpg

2022-07-10T08:53:26Z

Sybille: File uploaded with MsUpload

File uploaded with MsUpload

Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Best-Guitarists

2022-07-10T08:43:14Z

Sybille: /* Robert Svärd from Sweden */

<div class="pg_page_title">🎸 The Best Acoustic Guitarists in the World in 2022</div>
[[File:guitarists-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb]]

It is well known, music is a universal language! So here is my ranking of the best videos of the best '''acoustic guitarists''' in the world!

Of course this is specific to everyone: this is my ranking.

NB: It's evolving all the time as I discover new guistarists.

What about you?
* What is your ranking?
* Please write a comment below 😎

==Kent Nishimura from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkk24x1x3YI</youtube>
==Lucas Imbiriba from Brazil==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOIxac4zDKI</youtube>
==Robert Svärd from Sweden==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgqmxsxXnC0</youtube>
==Kim Jinsan (김진산) from South Korea==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grlvDLzvbL4</youtube>

==Marcin from Poland & Ichika Nito from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXJc5SFW-I</youtube>
==Grisha Goryachev from Russia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahztizVxXeQ</youtube>
==Luca Stricagnoli from Italy==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIpOxa5hxOw</youtube>
==Alexandr Misko from Russia==
<youtube>https://youtu.be/YzgTMh21zhI</youtube>
==Ewan Dobson from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GRR3F9FLM8</youtube>
==Mark Polawat from Thailand==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VvC0B3_82E</youtube>
==Casper Esmann from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g15ckRYCu0k</youtube>
==Mike Dawes from the United States==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGc5in2F_Rg</youtube>
==Seiji Igusa from Japan==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8kFrqRMXQM</youtube>
==Josephine Alexandra from Indonesia==
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTgXgN9fOsk</youtube>
==Author==
* https://polyglotclub.com/member/vincent

{{#seo:
|title=🎸 Best Guitarists in 2022
|keywords=guitar, flamenco, acoustic, youtube, best, guitarist
|description=I share with you my selection of the best guitarists in 2021 (in my opinion)
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/5/58/Guitarists-polyglotclub.jpg
}}

Template:Sci-Tech-Index-Menu

2021-10-23T11:04:20Z

Sybille:

<div class="pg_template_menu">
<div style="font-size:200%">Table of Contents</div>

* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Introduction-to-Sci%E2%80%93Tech-Index|Introduction]]
<hr>
<big>Mathematics</big>
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Mathematical-Logic|Mathematical Logic]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Number-Theory|Number Theory]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Geometry|Geometry]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Algebra|Algebra]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Probability-Theory|Probability Theory]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Statistics|Statistics]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Mathematical-Analysis|Mathematical Analysis]]
<hr>
<big>Physics</big>
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Units-of-Measurement|Units of Measurement]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Mechanics|Mechanics]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Thermodynamics|Thermodynamics]]
<hr>
<big>Electronics</big>
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Electronic-Components|Electronic Components]]
<hr>
<big>Engineering in general</big>
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Technical-Drawing|Technical Drawing]]
<hr>
<big>Mechanical Engineering</big>
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Machine-Tools|Machine Tools]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/TRIZ|TRIZ]]

</div>

Language/Standard-arabic/Vocabulary/Colors

2020-07-17T10:07:39Z

Sybille:

[[File:arabic-colors-vocabulary.jpg|thumb]]

Hello Everyone,

Here are some Arabic Colors and the Way you can pronounce them / مرحبا جميعا ... هنا بعض الألوان باللغة العربية مع طريقة نطقها

== الألوان في اللغة العربية / Colors in Arabic Language ==

=== White / أبيض/ Ab'Yad ===

=== black / أسود / As'wad ===

=== Yellow / أصفر / As'far ===

=== Green / أخضر / Akh'dar===

=== Red / أحمر / Ah'mar ===

=== brown / بني / bon'nee ===

=== Blue / أزرق / Az'raq ===

=== pink / زهري-وردي / Zah'Rie / War'Dee ===

=== Purple / بنفسجي / Ba'naf'sa'jee ===

hope this help you with your Learning .....أتمنى أن يفيدكم هذا في تعلمكم

if you have another Colors you want to know the Way you can Say in Arabic then contact me ...
إذا كان لدين ألوان أخرى تريد ان تعرف طريقة نطقها بالعربية يمكنك مراسلتي

==VIDEOS==
<youtube>WOl9J9453OI</youtube>

{{#seo:
|title=Colors vocabulary in Arabic
|keywords=yellow, green, red, black, white, brown
|description=Here is how to write and pronounce the different colors in Arabic.
|og:image=http://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/f/ff/Arabic-colors-vocabulary.jpg
}}
[[Category: Arabic/Beginner]]

Language/Standard-arabic/Vocabulary/Colors

2020-07-17T10:07:29Z

Sybille:

[[File:arabic-colors-vocabulary.jpg|thumb|none]]

Hello Everyone,

Here are some Arabic Colors and the Way you can pronounce them / مرحبا جميعا ... هنا بعض الألوان باللغة العربية مع طريقة نطقها

== الألوان في اللغة العربية / Colors in Arabic Language ==

=== White / أبيض/ Ab'Yad ===

=== black / أسود / As'wad ===

=== Yellow / أصفر / As'far ===

=== Green / أخضر / Akh'dar===

=== Red / أحمر / Ah'mar ===

=== brown / بني / bon'nee ===

=== Blue / أزرق / Az'raq ===

=== pink / زهري-وردي / Zah'Rie / War'Dee ===

=== Purple / بنفسجي / Ba'naf'sa'jee ===

hope this help you with your Learning .....أتمنى أن يفيدكم هذا في تعلمكم

if you have another Colors you want to know the Way you can Say in Arabic then contact me ...
إذا كان لدين ألوان أخرى تريد ان تعرف طريقة نطقها بالعربية يمكنك مراسلتي

==VIDEOS==
<youtube>WOl9J9453OI</youtube>

{{#seo:
|title=Colors vocabulary in Arabic
|keywords=yellow, green, red, black, white, brown
|description=Here is how to write and pronounce the different colors in Arabic.
|og:image=http://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/f/ff/Arabic-colors-vocabulary.jpg
}}
[[Category: Arabic/Beginner]]

Language/Standard-arabic/Vocabulary/Colors

2020-07-17T10:06:42Z

Sybille: Undo revision 39887 by Shyima (talk)

[[File:arabic-colors-vocabulary.jpg|thumb|none]]

Hello Everyone

.... here are some Arabic Colors and the Way you can say them / مرحبا جميعا ... هنا بعض الألوان باللغة العربية مع طريقة نطقها
== الألوان في اللغة العربية / Colors in Arabic Language ==

=== White / أبيض/ Ab'Yad ===

=== black / أسود / As'wad ===

=== Yellow / أصفر / As'far ===

=== Green / أخضر / Akh'dar===

=== Red / أحمر / Ah'mar ===

=== brown / بني / bon'nee ===

=== Blue / أزرق / Az'raq ===

=== pink / زهري-وردي / Zah'Rie / War'Dee ===

=== Purple / بنفسجي / Ba'naf'sa'jee ===

hope this help you with your Learning .....أتمنى أن يفيدكم هذا في تعلمكم

if you have another Colors you want to know the Way you can Say in Arabic then contact me ...
إذا كان لدين ألوان أخرى تريد ان تعرف طريقة نطقها بالعربية يمكنك مراسلتي

==VIDEOS==
<youtube>WOl9J9453OI</youtube>

{{#seo:
|title=Colors vocabulary in Arabic
|keywords=yellow, green, red, black, white, brown
|description=Here is how to write and pronounce the different colors in Arabic.
|og:image=http://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/f/ff/Arabic-colors-vocabulary.jpg
}}
[[Category: Arabic/Beginner]]

Language/English/Grammar/In:-place

2020-07-16T14:22:10Z

Sybille:

<div style="font-size:300%;">In: place</div>

"In" is used for a position inside large areas, and in a three-dimensional space (when something is surrounded on all sides).

“In” can also be a city, of country, or place.

Examples:

*I don't think he's in his office.

*Let’s go for a walk in the woods.

*She grew up in Belgium.

*I last saw her in Times Square.

*He lived in the desert for four years.

Language/English/Grammar/Collocations-with-go

2020-04-28T10:49:41Z

Sybille:

[[File:Collocations-with-GO.jpg|700px]]
go abroad

go astray

go bad

go bald

go bankrupt

go blind

go crazy

go dark

go deaf

go fishing

go mad

go missing

go on foot

go online

go out of business

go overseas

go quiet

go sailing

go to war

go yellow

Language/English/Grammar/Collocations-with-go

2020-04-28T10:48:57Z

Sybille:

[[:File:MT4 Editing Instructions (1).pdf]][[File:Collocations-with-GO.jpg|700px]]
go abroad

go astray

go bad

go bald

go bankrupt

go blind

go crazy

go dark

go deaf

go fishing

go mad

go missing

go on foot

go online

go out of business

go overseas

go quiet

go sailing

go to war

go yellow

File:MT4 Editing Instructions (1).pdf

2020-04-28T10:48:51Z

Sybille: File uploaded with MsUpload

File uploaded with MsUpload

File:Destini-Story-Plan.pdf

2020-04-28T10:48:11Z

Sybille: File uploaded with MsUpload

File uploaded with MsUpload

File:Kogildir test.mp3

2020-04-28T10:47:42Z

Sybille: File uploaded with MsUpload

File uploaded with MsUpload

Language/German/Grammar/Conditional-Mood

2020-01-01T14:40:22Z

Sybille:

[[File:conditional-tense.jpg|thumb]]

Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Happy-New-Year-in-all-languages

2020-01-01T08:45:00Z

Sybille:

[[File:How to say Happy New Year in ALL languages.jpg|thumb]]
How to say "Happy New Year" in all languages:

{| class="wikitable"
!Language
!How to say "happy new year"
|-
|AFRIKAANS
|gelukkige nuwejaar / voorspoedige nuwejaar
|-
|AKPOSSO
|ilufio ètussé
|-
|ALBANIAN
|Gëzuar vitin e ri
|-
|ALSATIAN
|e glëckliches nëies / güets nëies johr
|-
|ANTILLEAN CREOLE
|bon lanné
|-
|ARABIC
|عام سعيد (aam saiid) / sana saiida
|-
|ARMENIAN
|շնորհավոր Նոր տարի (shnorhavor nor tari)
|-
|ATIKAMEKW
|amokitanone
|-
|AZERBAIJANI
|yeni iliniz mübarək
|-
|BAMBARA
|aw ni san'kura / bonne année
|-
|BASAA
|nwii lam / ngand nwii lam
|-
|BASQUE
|urte berri on
|-
|BELARUSIAN
|З новым годам (Z novym hodam)
|-
|BENGALI
|shuvo noboborsho
|-
|BERBER
|assugas amegaz
|-
|BETI
|mbembe mbu
|-
|BHOJPURI
|nauka sal mubarak hoe
|-
|BOBO
|bonne année
|-
|BOSNIAN
|sretna nova godina
|-
|BRETON
|bloavezh mat / bloavez mad
|-
|BULGARIAN
|честита нова година (chestita nova godina)
|-
|BURMESE
|hnit thit ku mingalar pa
|-
|CANTONESE
|sun lin fi lok / kung hé fat tsoi
|-
|CATALAN
|bon any nou
|-
|CEBUANO
|malipayong bag-ong tuig
|-
|CHINESE (MANDARIN)
|新年快乐 (xin nian kuai le) / 新年好 (xin nian hao)
|-
|CORNISH
|bledhen nowedh da
|-
|CORSICAN
|pace è salute
|-
|CROATIAN
|sretna nova godina
|-
|CZECH
|šťastný nový rok
|-
|DANISH
|godt nytår
|-
|DUALA
|mbu mwa bwam
|-
|DUTCH
|gelukkig nieuw jaar
|-
|ENGLISH
|happy new year
|-
|ESPERANTO
|feliĉan novan jaron
|-
|ESTONIAN
|head uut aastat
|-
|EWE
|eƒé bé dzogbenyui nami
|-
|EWONDO
|mbembe mbu
|-
|FANG
|bamba mbou
|-
|FAROESE
|gott nýggjár
|-
|FILIPINO
|manigong bagong taon
|-
|FINNISH
|onnellista uutta vuotta
|-
|FLEMISH
|gelukkig nieuwjaar
|-
|FON
|kudo xwe yoyo (to 1 person) / mikudo xwe yoyo (several persons)
|-
|FRENCH
|bonne année
|-
|FRISIAN
|lokkich nijjier
|-
|FRIULAN
|bon an
|-
|FULA
|dioul mo wouri
|-
|GALICIAN
|feliz ano novo
|-
|GEORGIAN
|გილოცავთ ახალ წელს (gilocavt akhal tsels)
|-
|GERMAN
|Frohes neues Jahr / prosit Neujahr
|-
|GREEK
|Καλή Χρονιά (kali chronia / kali xronia) / Ευτυχισμένος ο Καινούριος Χρόνος (eutichismenos o kainourgios chronos)
|-
|GUARANI
|rogüerohory año nuévo-re
|-
|GUJARATI
|sal mubarak / nootan varshabhinandan
|-
|HAITIAN CREOLE
|bònn ané
|-
|HAUSA
|barka da sabuwar shekara
|-
|HAWAIIAN
|hauoli makahiki hou
|-
|HEBREW
|שנה טובה (shana tova)
|-
|HERERO
|ombura ombe ombua
|-
|HINDI
|nav varsh ki subhkamna
|-
|HMONG
|nyob zoo xyoo tshiab
|-
|HUNGARIAN
|boldog új évet
|-
|ICELANDIC
|gleðilegt nýtt ár
|-
|IGBO
|obi anuri nke afor ohuru
|-
|INDONESIAN
|selamat tahun baru
|-
|IRISH GAELIC
|ath bhliain faoi mhaise
|-
|ITALIAN
|felice anno nuovo / buon anno
|-
|JAPANESE
|あけまして　おめでとう　ございます (akemashite omedetô gozaimasu)
|-
|JAVANESE
|ꦱꦸꦒꦼꦁꦮꦂꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦭ꧀ ꧒꧐꧑꧘ (sugêng warsa enggal)
|-
|KABYLE
|aseggas ameggaz
|-
|KANNADA
|ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷದ ಹಾರ್ಧಿಕ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು (hosa varshada hardika shubhashayagalu)
|-
|KASHMIRI
|nav reh mubarakh
|-
|KAZAKH
|zhana zhiliniz kutti bolsin
|-
|KHMER
|sur sdei chhnam thmei
|-
|KIEMBU
|ngethi cya mwaka mweru
|-
|KIKONGO
|buanana / yimvu yambote
|-
|KINYARWANDA
|umwaka mwiza
|-
|KIRUNDI
|umwaka mwiza
|-
|KOREAN
|새해 복 많이 받으세요 (seh heh bok mani bat uh seyo)
|-
|KURDISH
|sala we ya nû pîroz be
|-
|KWANGALI
|mvhura zompe zongwa
|-
|KYRGYZ
|ЖАӉЫ ЖЫЛЫӉЫЗДАР МЕНЕН (zhany zhylynyzdar menen)
|-
|LAO
|sabai di pi mai
|-
|LARI
|buanana / m'vu wambote
|-
|LATIN
|felix sit annus novus
|-
|LATVIAN
|laimīgu Jauno gadu
|-
|LENAPE
|Weli Newiyal
|-
|LIGURIAN
|bón ànno nêuvo
|-
|LINGALA
|bonana / mobu elamu
|-
|LITHUANIAN
|laimingų Naujųjų Metų
|-
|LOW SAXON
|gelükkig nyjaar
|-
|LUGANDA
|omwaka omulungi
|-
|LUXEMBOURGISH
|e gudd neit Joër
|-
|MACEDONIAN
|Среќна Нова Година (srekna nova godina)
|-
|MALAGASY
|arahaba tratry ny taona
|-
|MALAY
|selamat tahun baru
|-
|MALAYALAM
|nava varsha ashamshagal
|-
|MALTESE
|is-sena t-tajba
|-
|MANGAREVAN
|kia porotu te ano ou
|-
|MAORI
|kia hari te tau hou
|-
|MARATHI
|navin varshaachya hardik shubbheccha
|-
|MARQUESAN
|kaoha nui tenei ehua hou
|-
|MBOCHI
|bonana / obu elamu
|-
|MOHAWK
|ose:rase
|-
|MONGOLIAN
|Шинэ жилийн баярын мэнд хvргэе (shine jiliin bayariin mend hurgeye)
|-
|MORÉ
|wênd na kô-d yuum-songo
|-
|NDEBELE
|umyaka omucha omuhle
|-
|NEPALI
|naya barsha ko subhakamana
|-
|NGOMBALE
|ngeu' shwi pong mbeo paghe
|-
|NORMAN
|boune anna / jostouse anna
|-
|NORWEGIAN
|godt nyttår
|-
|OCCITAN
|bon annada
|-
|ORIYA
|subha nababarsa / naba barsara hardika abhinandan
|-
|PALAUAN
|ungil beches er rak
|-
|PAPIAMENTO
|bon anja / felis anja nobo
|-
|PASHTO
|nawe kaalmo mobarak sha
|-
|PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH
|Gelukkig Nieu jaar
|-
|PERSIAN (DARI)
|سال نو مبارک (sâle no mobârak)
|-
|PERSIAN (FARSI)
|سال نو مبارک
|-
|POLISH
|szczęśliwego nowego roku
|-
|PORTUGUESE
|feliz ano novo
|-
|PUNJABI
|ਨਵੇਂ ਸਾਲ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਧਾਈਆਂ (nave saal deeyan vadhaiyaan)
|-
|ROMANI
|baxtalo nevo bersh
|-
|ROMANIAN
|un an nou fericit / la mulţi ani
|-
|ROMANSH
|bun di bun onn
|-
|RUSSIAN
|С Новым Годом (S novim godom)
|-
|SAMI (INARI)
|luholâš uđđâ ive
|-
|SAMI (LULE)
|buorre ådå jagev
|-
|SAMI (NORTHERN)
|lihkolaš ođđa jagi
|-
|SAMI (SKOLT)
|leklvaz ođđ eeˊjj
|-
|SAMI (SOUTHERN)
|buerie orre jaepie
|-
|SAMOAN
|ia manuia le tausaga fou
|-
|SANGO
|nzoni fini ngou
|-
|SARDINIAN
|bonu annu nou
|-
|SCOTTISH GAELIC
|bliadhna mhath ur
|-
|SERBIAN
|Срећна Нова година (Srećna Nova godina)
|-
|SHIMAORE
|mwaha mwema
|-
|SHONA
|goredzva rakanaka
|-
|SINDHI
|nain saal joon wadhayoon
|-
|SINHALESE
|ශුභ අළුත් අවුරුද්දක් වේවා (shubha aluth awuruddak weiwa)
|-
|SIOUX LAKOTA
|omaka t'etcha kin washte kte ni / omaka tetcha oi'yokipi
|-
|SLOVAK
|šťastný nový rok
|-
|SLOVENE
|srečno novo leto
|-
|SOBOTA
|dobir leto
|-
|SOMALI
|sanad wanagsan
|-
|SPANISH
|feliz año nuevo
|-
|SRANAN
|wan bun nyun yari
|-
|SWAHILI
|mwaka mzuri / heri ya mwaka mpya
|-
|SWEDISH
|gott nytt år
|-
|SWISS GERMAN
|es guets Nöis
|-
|TAGALOG
|manigong bagong taon
|-
|TAHITIAN
|ia orana i te matahiti api
|-
|TAJIK
|соли нав муборак (soli nav muborak)
|-
|TAMANG
|lhochharla jyaba danba
|-
|TAMIL
|இனிய புத்தாண்டு நல்வாழ்த்துக்கள் (iniya puthandu nal Vazhthukkal)
|-
|TATAR
|yaña yıl belän
|-
|TELUGU
|నూతన సంవత్శర శుభాకాంక్షలు (nuthana samvathsara subhakankshalu)
|-
|THAI
|สวัสดีปีใหม่ (sawatdii pimaï)
|-
|TIBETAN
|tashi delek / losar tashi delek
|-
|TIGRE
|sanat farah wa khare
|-
|TSHILUBA
|tshidimu tshilenga
|-
|TSWANA
|itumelele ngwaga o mosha
|-
|TULU
|posa varshada shubashaya
|-
|TURKISH
|yeni yılınız kutlu olsun
|-
|TWENTS
|gluk in'n tuk
|-
|TWI (ASHANTI)
|afehyia pa
|-
|UDMURT
|Vyľ Aren
|-
|UKRAINIAN
|Щасливого Нового Року / З Новим роком (z novym rokom)
|-
|URDU
|naya sar Mubarak
|-
|URDU
|naya sal mubarak
|-
|UZBEK
|yangi yilingiz qutlug' bo'lsin
|-
|VIETNAMESE
|Chúc Mừng Nǎm Mới / Cung Chúc Tân Niên / Cung Chúc Tân Xuân
|-
|WALLOON
|ene boune anéye, ene boune sintéye
|-
|WALLOON
|bone annéye / bone annéye èt bone santéye
|-
|WELSH
|blwyddyn newydd dda
|-
|WOLOF
|dewenati
|-
|XHOSA
|nyak'omtsha
|-
|YIDDISH
|אַ גוט יאָר (a gut jor)
|-
|YORUBA
|eku odun / eku odun tun tun / eku iyedun
|-
|ZARMA
|barka'n da djiri tagio
|-
|ZULU
|unyaka omusha omuhle
|}
==Sources==

https://www.freelang.net/expressions/newyear.php

{{#seo:
|title=How to say "Happy New Year" in all languages
|description=Table with translations of Happy New Year in about 200 languages and counting.
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/4/45/How_to_say_Happy_New_Year_in_ALL_languages.jpg/450px-How_to_say_Happy_New_Year_in_ALL_languages.jpg
}}

Help/Why-Write-a-Language-Lesson

2019-09-23T11:34:48Z

Sybille:

{{Help-menu}}
<div style="font-size:300%;"> Why should you write a language lesson?</div>

==Become VIP member==
Each time an article is accepted by our team, you will earn '''1,000 points'''.

Once you reach '''10,000 points''', you will become VIP member. [http://polyglotclub.com/trust.php Why become VIP member?]

NB: To be accepted, your article must have a minimum [[Help/Quality|quality]].

==Teach the Language you are Learning==

The following quote sums it all up : '''"Knowledge Shared is Knowledge Gained"'''.

If you are learning a language and in the same time you are teaching that same language to others, chances are that you will learn faster.

As an example, if you are learning Japanese. A very good way for your to improve your knowledge of Japanese will be to write Japanese lessons.

If it's useful for you, it can be also useful to others.

Others will also add content to your lesson or correct some errors. It will also be an opportunity for you to learn new things.

==Teach your Native Language==
As a native speaker of a language, it will be easier for you to write a lesson to teach that language.

By helping others, you could make new friends who might, in return, teach you their native language.

By writing a lesson, you might also learn things about your own language.

Help/Why-Write-a-Language-Lesson

2019-09-23T11:33:32Z

Sybille:

Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Periodic-Table-of-Elements

2019-08-28T10:35:07Z

Sybille:

[[File:periodic-table-greek.jpg|thumb]]

Here is the periodic Table of elements in several languages ! (Symbol names)

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number (number of protons), electron configurations, and chemical properties.

For Mandarin Chinese, see [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Vocabulary/Chemical-elements]].

{| class="wikitable"
!Z
!Symbol
!English
!Italian
!Greek
!Polish
!French
!persian
|-
|1
|H
|Hydrogen
|Idrogeno
|Υδρογόνο
|Wodór
|Hydronège
|هیدروژن
|-
|2
|Ηe
|Ηelium
|Elio
|Ήλιο
|Hel
|Hélium
|هلیوم
|-
|3
|Li
|Lithium
|Litio
|Λίθιο
|Lit
|Lithium
|لیتییوم
|-
|4
|Be
|Beryllium
|Berillio
|Βηρύλλιο
|Beryl
|Beryllium
|بور
|-
|5
|B
|Boron
|Boro
|Βόριο
|Bor
|Bore
|برن
|-
|6
|C
|Carbon
|Carbonio
|Άνθρακας
|Węgiel
|Carbone
|کربن
|-
|7
|N
|Nitrogen
|Nitrogeno
|Άζωτο
|Azot
|Nitrogène
|نیتروژن
|-
|8
|O
|Oxygen
|Ossigeno
|Οξυγόνο
|Tlen
|Oxygène
|اکسیژن
|-
|9
|F
|Fluorine
|Fluoro
|Φθόριο
|Fluor
|Fluor
|فلور
|-
|10
|Ne
|Neon
|Neon
|Νέον
|Neon
|Néon
|نئون
|-
|11
|Na
|Sodium
|Sodio
|Νάτριο
|Sód
|Sodium
|سدیم
|-
|12
|Mg
|Magnesium
|Magnesio
|Μαγνήσιο
|Magnez
|Magnésium
|منیزیم
|-
|13
|Al
|Aluminium
|Alluminio
|Αργύλιο
|Glin
|Aluminium
|آلومینیوم
|-
|14
|Si
|Silicon
|Silicone
|Πυρίτιο
|Krzem
|Silicone
|سیلیس
|-
|15
|P
|Phosphorus
|Fosforo
|Φώσφορος
|Fosfor
|Phosphore
|فسفر
|-
|16
|S
|Sulfur
|Zolfo
|Θείο
|Siarka
|Soufre
|گوگرد
|-
|17
|Cl
|Chlorine
|Cloro
|Χλώριο
|Chlor
|Chlore
|کلر
|-
|18
|Ar
|Argon
|Argon
|Αργό
|Argon
|Argon
|آرگون
|-
|19
|K
|Potassium
|Potassio
|Κάλιο
|Potas
|Potassium
|پتاسیم
|-
|20
|Ca
|Calcium
|Calcio
|Ασβέστιο
|Wapń
|Calcium
|کلسیم
|-
|21
|Sc
|Scandium
|Scandio
|Σκάνδιο
|Skand
|Scandium
|اسکاندیم
|-
|22
|Ti
|Titanium
|Titanio
|Τιτάνιο
|Tytan
|Titanium
|تیتانیم
|-
|23
|V
|Vanadium
|Vanadio
|Βανάδιο
|Wanad
|Vanadium
|وانادیم
|-
|24
|Cr
|Chromium
|Cromo
|Χρώμιο
|Chrom
|Chromium
|کروم
|-
|25
|Mn
|Maganese
|Manganese
|Μαγγάνιο
|Mangan
|Maganèse
|منگنز
|-
|26
|Fe
|Iron
|Ferro
|Σίδηρος
|Żelazo
|Fer
|آهن
|-
|27
|Co
|Cobalt
|Cobalto
|Κοβάλτιο
|Kobalt
|Cobalt
|کبالت
|-
|28
|Ni
|Nickel
|Nickel
|Νικέλιο
|Nikiel
|Nickel
|نیکل
|-
|29
|Cu
|Copper
|Rame
|Χαλκός
|Miedź
|Cuivre
|مس
|-
|30
|Zn
|Zinc
|Zinco
|Ψευδάργυρος
|Cynk
|Zinc
|روی
|-
|31
|Ga
|Gallium
|Gallio
|Γάλλιο
|Gal
|Gallium
|گالیوم
|-
|32
|Ge
|Germanium
|Germanio
|Γερμάνιο
|German
|Germanium
|ژرمانیوم
|-
|33
|As
|Arsenic
|Arsenico
|Αρσενικό
|Arsen
|Arsenic
|آرسنیک
|-
|34
|Se
|Selenium
|Selenio
|Σελήνιο
|Selen
|Sélénium
|سلنیوم
|-
|35
|Br
|Bromine
|Bromo
|Βρώμιο
|Brom
|Bromine
|برم
|-
|36
|Kr
|Krypton
|Kripton
|Κρυπτό
|Krypton
|Krypton
|کریپتون
|-
|37
|Rb
|Rubidium
|Rubidio
|Ρουβίδιο
|Rubid
|Rubidium
|روبیدیوم
|-
|38
|Sr
|Strontium
|Stronzio
|Στρόντιο
|Stront
|Strontium
|استرانسیوم
|-
|39
|Y
|Yttrium
|Ittrio
|Ύττριο
|Itr
|
|ایتریوم
|-
|40
|Zr
|Zirconium
|Zirconio
|Ζιρκόνιο
|Cyrkon
|
|زیرکونیوم
|-
|41
|Nb
|Niobium
|Niobio
|Νιόβιο
|Niob
|
|نیوبیم
|-
|42
|Mo
|Molybdenum
|Molibdeno
|Μολυβδαίνιο
|Molibden
|
|مولیبدن
|-
|43
|Tc
|Technetium
|Tecnezio
|Τεχνήτιο
|Technet
|
|تکنسیوم
|-
|44
|Ru
|Ruthenium
|Rutenio
|Ρουθήνιο
|Ruten
|
|روتنیوم
|-
|45
|Rh
|Rhodium
|Rodio
|Ρόδιο
|Rod
|
|رادیوم
|-
|46
|Pd
|Palladium
|Palladio
|Παλλάδιο
|Pallad
|
|پالادیوم
|-
|47
|Ag
|Silver
|Argento
|Άργυρος
|Srebro
|
|نقره
|-
|48
|Cd
|Cadmium
|Cadmio
|Κάδμιο
|Kadm
|
|کادمیوم
|-
|49
|In
|Indium
|Indio
|Ίνδιο
|Ind
|
|ایندیوم
|-
|50
|Sn
|Tin
|Stagno
|Κασσίτερος
|Cyna
|
|قلع
|}

{{#seo:
|title=Periodic table of elements in Greek
|keywords=elements, symbol, Hydrogen, Ηelium, Carbon, words, chemistry, greek-english
|description=The elements of the periodic table in the Greek language
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/6/6b/Periodic-table-greek.jpg
}}

[[Category:Vocabulary/many-languages]]

Language/English/Vocabulary/Slang-contractions

2019-08-28T10:29:09Z

Sybille: /* wanna */

[[File:English-contractions-polyglot-club.jpg|thumb]]

Although these slang contractions should never be used in written contexts, a lot of native speakers use them both in unformal or formal spoken situations.

For example, you will hear them in many movies and songs.

Therefore it's important to understand their use.

Here are the main ones. Feel free to complete this list by editing this wiki page.

== gonna ==
Gonna = Going to
* I'm gonna go to the store to pick up some groceries = I'm going to go to the store to pick up some groceries.

== wanna ==
Wanna = want to
* I wanna go out to eat tonight = I want to go out to eat tonight

<blockquote>
While, i fact, "wanna" usually means "I want to", it can (and does) on many occasions represent the phrase "I want a ___".

Also worth noting that "wanna" can apply to any type pronoun, i.e., "I wanna", "you wanna", "s/he wanna" - never mind that there is an "s" @ "s/he wants" --, "we wanna", and "they wanna". The "he/she wanna" is obviously even more "slangy" than the others, but then this should not come as a surprise to persons who "know" about English (American for sure and some other, e.g., London/UK) Black slang, in which the verb "to be" is utterly corrupted for lack of conjugation: I be, you be, he be, she be, we be, they be -- all of these are heard "on the streets" of America's urban (and not-so-urban) communities. Thus, the collapse of "He/she wants to/a" into "He/she wanna ...." should not be surprising.
</blockquote>

== gotta ==
Gotta = have got to
* I gotta go to bed soon, I'm tired. = I've got to go to bed soon, I'm tired.

== shoulda ==
Shoulda is a slang contraction of "should have"
* I should have washed my car today = I shoulda washed my car today.

== ain't ==
See: [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Meaning-of-ain't]]
== kinda ==
Kinda is a slang contraction of "Kind of"
* I kind of like it = I kinda like it

== lotta/alotta ==
Lotta is a slang contraction of "a lot of"
* There are a lot of things I need to do today = There's lotta things I need to today

== sorta ==
Sorta is a slang contraction of "sort of"
* That's the sort of thing I don't like. = That's the sorta thing I don't like.

== lemme ==
Lemme is a slang contraction of "let me"
* Let me put on my shoes first = Lemme put on my shoes first.

== gimme ==
Gimme is a slang contraction of "give me"
* Give me another piece of cake! = Gimme another piece of cake!

== whatcha ==
Whatcha is a slang contraction of "what are you"
* What are you doing today? = Whatcha doin' today?

== dontcha ==
Dontcha is a slang contraction of "Don't you"
* Don't you have something better to do? = Dontcha have something better to do?

== betcha ==
Betcha is a slang contraction of "bet you"
* I bet you can't beat me to the car! = I betcha can't beat me to the car!

== cmon/c'mon ==
Cmon is a slang contraction of "come on"
* Come on! Stop teasing me! = C'mon! Stop teasing me!

== dunno ==
Dunno is a slang contraction of "don't know"
* I don't know, sorry. = I dunno, sorry

== s'pose ==
S'pose is a slang contraction of "suppose"
* I suppose so. = I s'pose so.

== s'pect ==
S'pect is a slang contraction of "suspect"
* I suspect it is so. = I s'pect it is so.

== innit ==
Innit is a slang contraction of "isn't it"
* Isn't it wonderful? = Innit wonderful?

== y'all ==
Y'all is a slang contraction of "you all"
* Are you all comfortable? = Y'all comfortable?

== fixin' ==
Fixin' is a slang contraction of "fixing"
* Are you fixing the door? = Are you fixin' the door?
* I'm fixing to die. = I'm fixin' to die.

== wood'nit ==
Wood'nit is a slang contraction of "wouldn't it"
* Wouldn't it be nice to live forever? = Wood'nit be nice to live forever?

== who'dja ==
Who'dja is a slang contraction of "who did you"
* Who did you expect? = Who'dja expect?

== whu'dja ==
Whu'dja is a slang contraction of "what did you"
* What did you expect? = Whu'dja expect?

== wher'dja ==
Wher'dja is a slang contraction of "where did you"
* Where did you think we were going? = Wher'dja think we were going?

== sintcha ==
Sintcha is a slang contraction of "Since you"
* I've been sad since you left. = I've been sad sintcha left.

== sentcha ==
Sentcha is a slang contraction of "Sent you"
* I sent you the letter. = I sentcha the letter.

== whu'mi ==
Whu'mi is a slang contraction of "What am I"
* What am I going to do about him? = Whu'mi going to do about him?

== bad'n ==
Bad'n is a slang contraction of "Bad one"
* He's a bad one. = He's a bad'n.

== f'sho ==
F'soh is a slang contraction of "For sure"
* I ain't comin' and that's for sure. = I ain't comin' and that's f'sho.

== wussup ==
Wussup is slang for "What's up."
* What's up with you, Jerry? = Wussup with you, Jerry?

== dint'cha ==
Dint'cha is a slang contraction of "Didn't you"
* Didn't you have something better to do? = Dint'cha have something better to do?

== wernt'cha ==
Wernt'cha is a slang contraction of "Weren't you"
* Weren't you here yesterday? = Wernt'cha here yesterday?

== 'sawrite ==
'Sawrite is a slang contraction of "It's alright"
* Tell her it's alright if she stays home. = Tell her 'sawrite if she stays home.

== did'ja ==
Did'ja is a slang contraction of "did you"
* Who did you expect? = Who did'ja expect?

== whad'ja ==
Whad'ja is a slang contraction of "what did you"
* What did you expect? = Whad'ja expect?

Language/English/Vocabulary/Slang-contractions

2019-08-28T10:26:29Z

Sybille: /* wanna */

[[File:English-contractions-polyglot-club.jpg|thumb]]

Although these slang contractions should never be used in written contexts, a lot of native speakers use them both in unformal or formal spoken situations.

For example, you will hear them in many movies and songs.

Therefore it's important to understand their use.

Here are the main ones. Feel free to complete this list by editing this wiki page.

== gonna ==
Gonna = Going to
* I'm gonna go to the store to pick up some groceries = I'm going to go to the store to pick up some groceries.

== wanna ==
Wanna = want to
* I wanna go out to eat tonight = I want to go out to eat tonight

While, i fact, "wanna" usually means "I want to", it can (and does) on many occasions represent the phrase "I want a ___".

Also worth noting that "wanna" can apply to any type pronoun, i.e., "I wanna", "you wanna", "s/he wanna" - never mind that there is an "s" @ "s/he wants" --, "we wanna", and "they wanna". The "he/she wanna" is obviously even more "slangy" than the others, but then this should not come as a surprise to persons who "know" about English (American for sure and some other, e.g., London/UK) Black slang, in which the verb "to be" is utterly corrupted for lack of conjugation: I be, you be, he be, she be, we be, they be -- all of these are heard "on the streets" of America's urban (and not-so-urban) communities. Thus, the collapse of "He/she wants to/a" into "He/she wanna ...." should not be surprising.

== gotta ==
Gotta = have got to
* I gotta go to bed soon, I'm tired. = I've got to go to bed soon, I'm tired.

== shoulda ==
Shoulda is a slang contraction of "should have"
* I should have washed my car today = I shoulda washed my car today.

== ain't ==
See: [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Meaning-of-ain't]]
== kinda ==
Kinda is a slang contraction of "Kind of"
* I kind of like it = I kinda like it

== lotta/alotta ==
Lotta is a slang contraction of "a lot of"
* There are a lot of things I need to do today = There's lotta things I need to today

== sorta ==
Sorta is a slang contraction of "sort of"
* That's the sort of thing I don't like. = That's the sorta thing I don't like.

== lemme ==
Lemme is a slang contraction of "let me"
* Let me put on my shoes first = Lemme put on my shoes first.

== gimme ==
Gimme is a slang contraction of "give me"
* Give me another piece of cake! = Gimme another piece of cake!

== whatcha ==
Whatcha is a slang contraction of "what are you"
* What are you doing today? = Whatcha doin' today?

== dontcha ==
Dontcha is a slang contraction of "Don't you"
* Don't you have something better to do? = Dontcha have something better to do?

== betcha ==
Betcha is a slang contraction of "bet you"
* I bet you can't beat me to the car! = I betcha can't beat me to the car!

== cmon/c'mon ==
Cmon is a slang contraction of "come on"
* Come on! Stop teasing me! = C'mon! Stop teasing me!

== dunno ==
Dunno is a slang contraction of "don't know"
* I don't know, sorry. = I dunno, sorry

== s'pose ==
S'pose is a slang contraction of "suppose"
* I suppose so. = I s'pose so.

== s'pect ==
S'pect is a slang contraction of "suspect"
* I suspect it is so. = I s'pect it is so.

== innit ==
Innit is a slang contraction of "isn't it"
* Isn't it wonderful? = Innit wonderful?

== y'all ==
Y'all is a slang contraction of "you all"
* Are you all comfortable? = Y'all comfortable?

== fixin' ==
Fixin' is a slang contraction of "fixing"
* Are you fixing the door? = Are you fixin' the door?
* I'm fixing to die. = I'm fixin' to die.

== wood'nit ==
Wood'nit is a slang contraction of "wouldn't it"
* Wouldn't it be nice to live forever? = Wood'nit be nice to live forever?

== who'dja ==
Who'dja is a slang contraction of "who did you"
* Who did you expect? = Who'dja expect?

== whu'dja ==
Whu'dja is a slang contraction of "what did you"
* What did you expect? = Whu'dja expect?

== wher'dja ==
Wher'dja is a slang contraction of "where did you"
* Where did you think we were going? = Wher'dja think we were going?

== sintcha ==
Sintcha is a slang contraction of "Since you"
* I've been sad since you left. = I've been sad sintcha left.

== sentcha ==
Sentcha is a slang contraction of "Sent you"
* I sent you the letter. = I sentcha the letter.

== whu'mi ==
Whu'mi is a slang contraction of "What am I"
* What am I going to do about him? = Whu'mi going to do about him?

== bad'n ==
Bad'n is a slang contraction of "Bad one"
* He's a bad one. = He's a bad'n.

== f'sho ==
F'soh is a slang contraction of "For sure"
* I ain't comin' and that's for sure. = I ain't comin' and that's f'sho.

== wussup ==
Wussup is slang for "What's up."
* What's up with you, Jerry? = Wussup with you, Jerry?

== dint'cha ==
Dint'cha is a slang contraction of "Didn't you"
* Didn't you have something better to do? = Dint'cha have something better to do?

== wernt'cha ==
Wernt'cha is a slang contraction of "Weren't you"
* Weren't you here yesterday? = Wernt'cha here yesterday?

== 'sawrite ==
'Sawrite is a slang contraction of "It's alright"
* Tell her it's alright if she stays home. = Tell her 'sawrite if she stays home.

== did'ja ==
Did'ja is a slang contraction of "did you"
* Who did you expect? = Who did'ja expect?

== whad'ja ==
Whad'ja is a slang contraction of "what did you"
* What did you expect? = Whad'ja expect?

Language/English/Vocabulary/Healthy-Habits

2019-02-09T16:33:11Z

Sybille:

<div style="font-size:300%;">Healthy Habits</div>

During the summer months, many people in the world try to get comfortable and light by eating healthy foods and trying to gain muscle mass and better fitness.

If you want to stay healthy, you must follow the following recommendation to increase your knowledge about achieving fitness and healthy habits in general.

==Make a list of Diet==
When planning a nutritional framework, many times it helps to consult with experts from the fitness world.

In America, it is very common to hear people talking about the topic of health and nutrition.

In order to get started, ''create a dietary list''.

It is not difficult, it´s easy to create a list after only a bit of food research and by adhering to the guidelines below:

===Eat Healthily===

This expression is very common and necessary.

This refers to eliminating processed foods containing artificial and chemical flavors, and by eating natural foods like fruits and vegetables and of course by drinking a lot of water.

===Start a diet===
When first staring a dietary regimen, people will say "I need to stick to my diet", that is, eating foods that are consistent with the original dietary plan.

There are many diets. Some are designed to lose weight, others to gain weight, reduce cholesterol, lead a long and healthy life and many other reasons.

Here are the most popular diets:
====Ketogenic diet====
The ketogenic diet (or keto diet) has been used for decades for the treatment of epilepsy and is also being studied for other uses.

This involves reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing fat intake. This seems contrary to common sense, but it allows the body to burn fat as fuel rather than using carbohydrates.

====Atkins diet====
The Atkins diet, or Atkins nutritional approach, focuses on controlling insulin levels in the body through a low-carb diet.
====Vegetarian diet====
Many people choose a vegetarian diet for ethical reasons and for their health.

Studies in recent years have shown that vegetarians have lower body weight, suffer fewer illnesses and generally have a longer life expectancy than meat consumers.
===Counting Calories===
Pay attention to the amount of calories you consume daily, calories are essential units of energy, and this refers to two points in particular, i.e., '''your food and your body fat.'''

===Stay well hydrated===
Finally in this first list, the fourth essential parameter: drink lots of water naturaly also with active components like lemon, or sports drinks like "Powerade" And of course, when you are sick you need to hydrate.

Hydration is very important when exercising!

==Body types and physical training==

A person engaged in physical training needs to know his/or own body first.

There are basically three different body types, including Ectomorph, Endomorph, and Mesomorph.

If you know your body type well, you can better create both a nutrition and workout program that are best-suited to your body type.

==="Ectomorph" body type===
The "Ectomorph" body type is known as a "hard gainer", that is, it is difficult to gain muscle mass.

If you are of this body type, you shouldn't work out more than four times per week.

For "hard gainers", strength training is the best option. Of course, it will be effective only if the workout is accompanied by a high protein and moderate carb intake nutrition program.

==="Endomorph" body type===
The "Endomorph" body type is high fat ratio, big and inclined to storing fat. For this body type, a person should work out more often, no less than four times per week and, as with the "Ectomorph", focus on strength training as cardio training weight loss is but a temporarily effective solution for losing fat, but if one's training is focused on gaining muscle mass, it will speed up one's basal metabolism, so that even during daily activities one will expend more calories. Such is the long-term effect of strength training for a faster basal metabolism.

==="Mesomorph" body type===
The "Mesomorph" body type is muscular, has a high basal metabolism, and highly responsive muscle cells. "Mesomorphs" are able to engage in a workout program which is focused on different body types each day.

--

This is all for the moment, keep going through here and possibly you will know more about the '''healthy topic''' and common words regarding '''health''' and '''food'''.

==Author==
By: Alejandro de Sousa, education student mention English, (5th semester.)

Language/English/Vocabulary/Healthy-Habits

2019-02-09T16:32:39Z

Sybille: /* Ketogenic diet */

<div style="font-size:300%;">Healthy Habits</div>

During the summer months, many people in the world try to get comfortable and light by eating healthy foods and trying to gain muscle mass and better fitness.

If you want to stay healthy, you must follow the following recommendation to increase your knowledge about achieving fitness and healthy habits in general.

==Make a list of Diet==
When planning a nutritional framework, many times it helps to consult with experts from the fitness world.

In America, it is very common to hear people talking about the topic of health and nutrition.

In order to get started, ''create a dietary list''.

It is not difficult, it´s easy to create a list after only a bit of food research and by adhering to the guidelines below:

===Eat Healthily===

This expression is very common and necessary.

This refers to eliminating processed foods containing artificial and chemical flavors, and by eating natural foods like fruits and vegetables and of course by drinking a lot of water.

===Start a diet===
When first staring a dietary regimen, people will say "I need to stick to my diet", that is, eating foods that are consistent with the original dietary plan.

There are many diets. Some are designed to lose weight, others to gain weight, reduce cholesterol, lead a long and healthy life and many other reasons.

Here are the most popular diets:
====Ketogenic diet====
The ketogenic diet (or keto diet) has been used for decades for the treatment of epilepsy and is also being studied for other uses.

This involves reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing fat intake. This seems contrary to common sense, but it allows the body to burn fat as fuel rather than using carbohydrates.

====Atkins diet====
The Atkins diet, or Atkins nutritional approach, focuses on controlling insulin levels in the body through a low-carb diet.
====Vegetarian diet====
Many people choose a vegetarian diet for ethical reasons and for their health.

Studies in recent years have shown that vegetarians have lower body weight, suffer fewer illnesses and generally have a longer life expectancy than meat consumers.
====Vegan diet====
Veganism is more of a way of life and a philosophy than a diet.

A vegan does not eat any animal products, including eggs, dairy products and honey.

Vegans generally do not adopt veganism for health reasons, but also for environmental, ethical and compassionate reasons.
===Counting Calories===
Pay attention to the amount of calories you consume daily, calories are essential units of energy, and this refers to two points in particular, i.e., '''your food and your body fat.'''

===Stay well hydrated===
Finally in this first list, the fourth essential parameter: drink lots of water naturaly also with active components like lemon, or sports drinks like "Powerade" And of course, when you are sick you need to hydrate.

Hydration is very important when exercising!

==Body types and physical training==

A person engaged in physical training needs to know his/or own body first.

There are basically three different body types, including Ectomorph, Endomorph, and Mesomorph.

If you know your body type well, you can better create both a nutrition and workout program that are best-suited to your body type.

==="Ectomorph" body type===
The "Ectomorph" body type is known as a "hard gainer", that is, it is difficult to gain muscle mass.

If you are of this body type, you shouldn't work out more than four times per week.

For "hard gainers", strength training is the best option. Of course, it will be effective only if the workout is accompanied by a high protein and moderate carb intake nutrition program.

==="Endomorph" body type===
The "Endomorph" body type is high fat ratio, big and inclined to storing fat. For this body type, a person should work out more often, no less than four times per week and, as with the "Ectomorph", focus on strength training as cardio training weight loss is but a temporarily effective solution for losing fat, but if one's training is focused on gaining muscle mass, it will speed up one's basal metabolism, so that even during daily activities one will expend more calories. Such is the long-term effect of strength training for a faster basal metabolism.

==="Mesomorph" body type===
The "Mesomorph" body type is muscular, has a high basal metabolism, and highly responsive muscle cells. "Mesomorphs" are able to engage in a workout program which is focused on different body types each day.

--

This is all for the moment, keep going through here and possibly you will know more about the '''healthy topic''' and common words regarding '''health''' and '''food'''.

==Author==
By: Alejandro de Sousa, education student mention English, (5th semester.)

Language/English/Vocabulary/Healthy-Habits

2019-02-09T16:31:11Z

Sybille: /* "Mesomorph" body type */

<div style="font-size:300%;">Healthy Habits</div>

During the summer months, many people in the world try to get comfortable and light by eating healthy foods and trying to gain muscle mass and better fitness.

If you want to stay healthy, you must follow the following recommendation to increase your knowledge about achieving fitness and healthy habits in general.

==Make a list of Diet==
When planning a nutritional framework, many times it helps to consult with experts from the fitness world.

In America, it is very common to hear people talking about the topic of health and nutrition.

In order to get started, ''create a dietary list''.

It is not difficult, it´s easy to create a list after only a bit of food research and by adhering to the guidelines below:

===Eat Healthily===

This expression is very common and necessary.

This refers to eliminating processed foods containing artificial and chemical flavors, and by eating natural foods like fruits and vegetables and of course by drinking a lot of water.

===Start a diet===
When first staring a dietary regimen, people will say "I need to stick to my diet", that is, eating foods that are consistent with the original dietary plan.

There are many diets. Some are designed to lose weight, others to gain weight, reduce cholesterol, lead a long and healthy life and many other reasons.

Here are the most popular diets:
====Ketogenic diet (or keto diet)====
The ketogenic diet has been used for decades for the treatment of epilepsy and is also being studied for other uses.

This involves reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing fat intake. This seems contrary to common sense, but it allows the body to burn fat as fuel rather than using carbohydrates.
====Atkins diet====
The Atkins diet, or Atkins nutritional approach, focuses on controlling insulin levels in the body through a low-carb diet.
====Vegetarian diet====
Many people choose a vegetarian diet for ethical reasons and for their health.

Studies in recent years have shown that vegetarians have lower body weight, suffer fewer illnesses and generally have a longer life expectancy than meat consumers.
====Vegan diet====
Veganism is more of a way of life and a philosophy than a diet.

A vegan does not eat any animal products, including eggs, dairy products and honey.

Vegans generally do not adopt veganism for health reasons, but also for environmental, ethical and compassionate reasons.
===Counting Calories===
Pay attention to the amount of calories you consume daily, calories are essential units of energy, and this refers to two points in particular, i.e., '''your food and your body fat.'''

===Stay well hydrated===
Finally in this first list, the fourth essential parameter: drink lots of water naturaly also with active components like lemon, or sports drinks like "Powerade" And of course, when you are sick you need to hydrate.

Hydration is very important when exercising!

==Body types and physical training==

A person engaged in physical training needs to know his/or own body first.

There are basically three different body types, including Ectomorph, Endomorph, and Mesomorph.

If you know your body type well, you can better create both a nutrition and workout program that are best-suited to your body type.

==="Ectomorph" body type===
The "Ectomorph" body type is known as a "hard gainer", that is, it is difficult to gain muscle mass.

If you are of this body type, you shouldn't work out more than four times per week.

For "hard gainers", strength training is the best option. Of course, it will be effective only if the workout is accompanied by a high protein and moderate carb intake nutrition program.

==="Endomorph" body type===
The "Endomorph" body type is high fat ratio, big and inclined to storing fat. For this body type, a person should work out more often, no less than four times per week and, as with the "Ectomorph", focus on strength training as cardio training weight loss is but a temporarily effective solution for losing fat, but if one's training is focused on gaining muscle mass, it will speed up one's basal metabolism, so that even during daily activities one will expend more calories. Such is the long-term effect of strength training for a faster basal metabolism.

==="Mesomorph" body type===
The "Mesomorph" body type is muscular, has a high basal metabolism, and highly responsive muscle cells. "Mesomorphs" are able to engage in a workout program which is focused on different body types each day.

--

This is all for the moment, keep going through here and possibly you will know more about the '''healthy topic''' and common words regarding '''health''' and '''food'''.

==Author==
By: Alejandro de Sousa, education student mention English, (5th semester.)

Language/English/Vocabulary/Healthy-Habits

2019-02-09T16:30:11Z

Sybille:

<div style="font-size:300%;">Healthy Habits</div>

During the summer months, many people in the world try to get comfortable and light by eating healthy foods and trying to gain muscle mass and better fitness.

If you want to stay healthy, you must follow the following recommendation to increase your knowledge about achieving fitness and healthy habits in general.

==Make a list of Diet==
When planning a nutritional framework, many times it helps to consult with experts from the fitness world.

In America, it is very common to hear people talking about the topic of health and nutrition.

In order to get started, ''create a dietary list''.

It is not difficult, it´s easy to create a list after only a bit of food research and by adhering to the guidelines below:

===Eat Healthily===

This expression is very common and necessary.

This refers to eliminating processed foods containing artificial and chemical flavors, and by eating natural foods like fruits and vegetables and of course by drinking a lot of water.

===Start a diet===
When first staring a dietary regimen, people will say "I need to stick to my diet", that is, eating foods that are consistent with the original dietary plan.

There are many diets. Some are designed to lose weight, others to gain weight, reduce cholesterol, lead a long and healthy life and many other reasons.

Here are the most popular diets:
====Ketogenic diet (or keto diet)====
The ketogenic diet has been used for decades for the treatment of epilepsy and is also being studied for other uses.

This involves reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing fat intake. This seems contrary to common sense, but it allows the body to burn fat as fuel rather than using carbohydrates.
====Atkins diet====
The Atkins diet, or Atkins nutritional approach, focuses on controlling insulin levels in the body through a low-carb diet.
====Vegetarian diet====
Many people choose a vegetarian diet for ethical reasons and for their health.

Studies in recent years have shown that vegetarians have lower body weight, suffer fewer illnesses and generally have a longer life expectancy than meat consumers.
====Vegan diet====
Veganism is more of a way of life and a philosophy than a diet.

A vegan does not eat any animal products, including eggs, dairy products and honey.

Vegans generally do not adopt veganism for health reasons, but also for environmental, ethical and compassionate reasons.
===Counting Calories===
Pay attention to the amount of calories you consume daily, calories are essential units of energy, and this refers to two points in particular, i.e., '''your food and your body fat.'''

===Stay well hydrated===
Finally in this first list, the fourth essential parameter: drink lots of water naturaly also with active components like lemon, or sports drinks like "Powerade" And of course, when you are sick you need to hydrate.

Hydration is very important when exercising!

==Body types and physical training==

A person engaged in physical training needs to know his/or own body first.

There are basically three different body types, including Ectomorph, Endomorph, and Mesomorph.

If you know your body type well, you can better create both a nutrition and workout program that are best-suited to your body type.

==="Ectomorph" body type===
The "Ectomorph" body type is known as a "hard gainer", that is, it is difficult to gain muscle mass.

If you are of this body type, you shouldn't work out more than four times per week.

For "hard gainers", strength training is the best option. Of course, it will be effective only if the workout is accompanied by a high protein and moderate carb intake nutrition program.

==="Endomorph" body type===
The "Endomorph" body type is high fat ratio, big and inclined to storing fat. For this body type, a person should work out more often, no less than four times per week and, as with the "Ectomorph", focus on strength training as cardio training weight loss is but a temporarily effective solution for losing fat, but if one's training is focused on gaining muscle mass, it will speed up one's basal metabolism, so that even during daily activities one will expend more calories. Such is the long-term effect of strength training for a faster basal metabolism.

==="Mesomorph" body type===
The "Mesomorph" body type is muscular, has a high basal metabolism, and highly responsive muscle cells. "Mesomorphs" are able to engage in a workout program which is focused on different body types each day.

==Author==
By: Alejandro de Sousa, education student mention English, (5th semester.)

Language/English/Vocabulary/Useful-English-Acronyms-and-Abbreviations

2019-02-08T10:37:07Z

Sybille:

Here are some useful English Acronyms & Abbreviations:
{| class="wikitable"
!Acronym or Abbreviation
!Meaning
|-
|ASAP
|As Soon As Possible
|-
|AKA
|Also Known As
|-
|ATM
|Automated/Automatic Teller Machine; At the Moment
|-
|BTW
|By the Way
|-
|DIY
|Do it Yourself
|-
|DOB
|Date of Birth
|-
|e.g.
|For example (It comes from Latin “exemplī grātiā”)
|-
|EFL
|English as a Foreign Language
|-
|ESL
|English as a Second Language
|-
|ETA
|Estimated Time of Arrival
|-
|FAQ
|Frequently Asked Questions
|-
|FYI
|For Your Information
|-
|GMO
|Genetically Modified Organism
|-
|HR
|Human Resources
|-
|i.e.
|In other words (It comes from Latin “id est”)
|-
|ID
|Identification
|-
|IIRC
|If I Recall Correctly
|-
|IQ
|Intelligence Quotient
|-
|LOL
|Lots Of Laughs
|-
|MD
|Medical Doctor
|-
|MIA
|Missing in Action
|-
|NATO
|North Atlantic Treaty Organization
|-
|NSFW
|Not Safe/Suitable for Work
|-
|OCD
|Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (a mental disorder)
|-
|P.S.
|Postscript (It comes from Latin “Post Scriptum”)
|-
|PC
|Personal Computer
|-
|POW
|Prisoner of War
|-
|PR
|Public Relations
|-
|RIP
|Rest in Peace
|-
|RSVP
|Respond please (for invitation. It comes from French "Répondez S’il Vous Plaît")
|-
|SEO
|Search Engines Optimization
|-
|SOS
|Save Our Souls (for help)
|-
|TBA
|To Be Announced
|-
|TGIF
|Thank God it’s Friday
|-
|WMD
|Weapons of Mass Destruction
|}

Language/English/Vocabulary/Useful-English-Acronyms-and-Abbreviations

2019-02-08T10:35:28Z

Sybille:

Here are some useful English Acronyms & Abbreviations:
{| class="wikitable"
!Acronym or Abbreviation
!Meaning
|-
|ASAP
|As Soon As Possible
|-
|AKA
|Also Known As
|-
|ATM
|Automated/Automatic Teller Machine; At the Moment
|-
|BTW
|By the way
|-
|DIY
|Do it Yourself
|-
|DOB
|Date of Birth
|-
|e.g.
|For example (It comes from Latin “exemplī grātiā”)
|-
|EFL
|English as a Foreign Language
|-
|ESL
|English as a Second Language
|-
|ETA
|Estimated Time of Arrival
|-
|FAQ
|Frequently Asked Questions
|-
|FYI
|For Your Information
|-
|GMO
|Genetically Modified Organism
|-
|HR
|Human Resources
|-
|i.e.
|In other words (It comes from Latin “id est”)
|-
|ID
|Identification
|-
|IIRC
|If I Recall Correctly
|-
|IQ
|Intelligence Quotient
|-
|MD
|Medical Doctor
|-
|MIA
|Missing in Action
|-
|NATO
|North Atlantic Treaty Organization
|-
|NSFW
|Not Safe/Suitable for Work
|-
|OCD
|Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (a mental disorder)
|-
|P.S.
|Postscript (It comes from Latin “Post Scriptum”)
|-
|PC
|Personal Computer
|-
|POW
|Prisoner of War
|-
|PR
|Public Relations
|-
|RIP
|Rest in Peace
|-
|RSVP
|Respond please (for invitation. It comes from French "Répondez S’il Vous Plaît")
|-
|SEO
|Search Engines Optimization
|-
|SOS
|Save Our Souls (for help)
|-
|TBA
|To Be Announced
|-
|TGIF
|Thank God it’s Friday
|-
|WMD
|Weapons of Mass Destruction
|}

Language/English/Vocabulary/Useful-English-Acronyms-and-Abbreviations

2019-02-08T10:33:48Z

Sybille:

Here are some useful English Acronyms & Abbreviations:
{| class="wikitable"
!Acronym or Abbreviation
!Meaning
|-
|AKA
|Also Known As
|-
|ATM
|Automated/Automatic Teller Machine; At the Moment
|-
|BTW
|By the way
|-
|DIY
|Do it Yourself
|-
|DOB
|Date of Birth
|-
|e.g.
|For example (It comes from Latin “exemplī grātiā”)
|-
|EFL
|English as a Foreign Language
|-
|ESL
|English as a Second Language
|-
|ETA
|Estimated Time of Arrival
|-
|FAQ
|Frequently Asked Questions
|-
|FYI
|For Your Information
|-
|GMO
|Genetically Modified Organism
|-
|HR
|Human Resources
|-
|i.e.
|In other words (It comes from Latin “id est”)
|-
|ID
|Identification
|-
|IIRC
|If I Recall Correctly
|-
|IQ
|Intelligence Quotient
|-
|MD
|Medical Doctor
|-
|MIA
|Missing in Action
|-
|NATO
|North Atlantic Treaty Organization
|-
|NSFW
|Not Safe/Suitable for Work
|-
|OCD
|Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (a mental disorder)
|-
|P.S.
|Postscript (It comes from Latin “Post Scriptum”)
|-
|PC
|Personal Computer
|-
|POW
|Prisoner of War
|-
|PR
|Public Relations
|-
|RIP
|Rest in Peace
|-
|RSVP
|Respond please (for invitation. It comes from French "Répondez S’il Vous Plaît")
|-
|SEO
|Search Engines Optimization
|-
|SOS
|Save Our Souls (for help)
|-
|TBA
|To Be Announced
|-
|TGIF
|Thank God it’s Friday
|-
|WMD
|Weapons of Mass Destruction
|}

Language/English/Vocabulary/Useful-English-Acronyms-and-Abbreviations

2019-02-08T10:32:10Z

Sybille:

Language/English/Vocabulary/Useful-English-Acronyms-and-Abbreviations

2019-02-08T10:31:25Z

Sybille:

Here are some useful English Acronyms & Abbreviations:
{| class="wikitable"
!Acronym or Abbreviation
!Meaning
|-
|AKA
|Also Known As
|-
|ATM
|Automated/Automatic Teller Machine; At the Moment
|-
|BTW
|By the way
|-
|DIY
|Do it Yourself
|-
|DOB
|Date of Birth
|-
|e.g.
|For example (It comes from Latin “exemplī grātiā”)
|-
|EFL
|English as a Foreign Language
|-
|ESL
|English as a Second Language
|-
|ETA
|Estimated Time of Arrival
|-
|FAQ
|Frequently Asked Questions
|-
|FYI
|For Your Information
|-
|GMO
|Genetically Modified Organism
|-
|HR
|Human Resources
|-
|i.e.
|In other words (It comes from Latin “id est”)
|-
|ID
|Identification
|-
|IIRC
|If I Recall Correctly
|-
|IQ
|Intelligence Quotient
|-
|MD
|Medical Doctor
|-
|MIA
|Missing in Action
|-
|NATO
|North Atlantic Treaty Organization
|-
|NSFW
|Not Safe/Suitable for Work
|-
|OCD
|Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (a mental disorder)
|-
|P.S.
|Postscript (It comes from Latin “Post Scriptum”)
|-
|PC
|Personal Computer
|-
|POW
|Prisoner of War
|-
|PR
|Public Relations
|-
|RIP
|Rest in Peace
|-
|RSVP
|Respond please (for invitation. It comes from French "Répondez S’il Vous Plaît")

|-
|SEO
|Search Engines Optimization

|-
|SOS
|Save Our Souls (for help)
|-
|TBA
|To Be Announced
|-
|TGIF
|Thank God it’s Friday
|}

Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation

2018-04-08T18:47:21Z

Sybille:

[[File:arabic-alphabet-and-pronunciation-1.jpg]]

Hello everyone!

We are going to talk about the letters and how you spell them In Arabic ... So let's start:
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! colspan="4" |Letter
|-
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
!Isolated
|-
|ألف
|/aː/, /ʔ/
| colspan="2" |ـا
| colspan="2" |ا
|-
|باء
|/b/
|ـب
|ـبـ
|بـ
|ب
|-
|تاء
|/t/
|ـت
|ـتـ
|تـ
|ت
|-
|ثاء
|/θ/
|ـث
|ـثـ
|ثـ
|ث
|-
|جيم
|/d͡ʒ/
|ـج
|ـجـ
|جـ
|ج
|-
|حاء
|/ħ/
|ـح
|ـحـ
|حـ
|ح
|-
|خاء
|/x/
|ـخ
|ـخـ
|خـ
|خ
|-
|دال
|/d/
| colspan="2" |ـد
| colspan="2" |د
|-
|ذال
|/ð/
| colspan="2" |ـذ
| colspan="2" |ذ
|-
|راء
|/r/
| colspan="2" |ـر
| colspan="2" |ر
|-
|زاي
|/z/
| colspan="2" |ـز
| colspan="2" |ز
|-
|سين
|/s/
|ـس
|ـسـ
|سـ
|س
|-
|شين
|/ʃ/
|ـش
|ـشـ
|شـ
|ش
|-
|صاد
|/sˤ/
|ـص
|ـصـ
|صـ
|ص
|-
|ضاد
|/dˤ/
|ـض
|ـضـ
|ضـ
|ض
|-
|طاء
|/tˤ/
|ـط
|ـطـ
|طـ
|ط
|-
|ظاء
|/ðˤ/
|ـظ
|ـظـ
|ظـ
|ظ
|-
|عين
|/ʕ/
|ـع
|ـعـ
|عـ
|ع
|-
|غين
|/ɣ/
|ـغ
|ـغـ
|غـ
|غ
|-
|فاء
|/f/
|ـف
|ـفـ
|فـ
|ف
|-
|قاف
|/q/
|ـق
|ـقـ
|قـ
|ق
|-
|كاف
|/k/
|ـك
|ـكـ
|كـ
|ك
|-
|لام
|/l/
|ـل
|ـلـ
|لـ
|ل
|-
|ميم
|/m/
|ـم
|ـمـ
|مـ
|م
|-
|نون
|/n/
|ـن
|ـنـ
|نـ
|ن
|-
|هاء
|/h/
|ـه
|ـهـ
|هـ
|ه
|-
|واو
|/w/, /uː/
| colspan="2" |ـو
| colspan="2" |و
|-
|ياء
|/j/, /iː/
|ـي
|ـيـ
|يـ
|ي
|}

In Arabic we have Letters like ( '''ا ب ت ث ج ح ....''').

These letters have pronunciation.

Then we have these small Symbols ( َ - ُ - ِ ) ( ً - ٌ - ٍ ) ( ّ ) ( ْ).

When we add those Symbols to the Letter it will change their pronunciation ...

Well not very different but it will look like we say the letter with a second letter or more ....

So I'll give Examples and see:

We will start with the first three symbols: ( َ ) ( ُ ) ( ِ )

#The first one is called in Arabic "'''Fat ha'''" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter.
#The second one is called "'''Damma'''". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O".
#The third one is called "'''Kasra'''". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E".

Here are some examples:

*If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Fatha to it ( بَ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Ba'''). Not a long "a", just a short one.
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Damma to it ( بُ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Bo'''). Not a long "o", just a short one.
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Kasra to it ( بِ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Be'''). Not a long "e", just a short one.

The table below will help you with other letters:

{| class="wikitable"
!letter
!name of the letter
!pronunciation with Fatha
!pronunciation with Damma
!pronunciation with Kasra
|-
|ا
|Alif
|A
|O
|E
|-
|ب
|Ba'a
|Ba
|Bo
|Be
|-
|ت
|Ta'a
|Ta
|To
|Te
|-
|ث
|tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th]
|tha
|tho
|the
|-
|ج
|jeem
|ja
|jo
|je
|-
|ح
|ha'a [h]
|ha
|Ho
|He
|-
|خ
|Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian]
|Kha
|Kho
|Khe
|}
and so on with All the letters.

Please note that the second letter you add has a very short pronunciation.

I hope this will help you. A lot of people I talked to found this hard to understand but found it a little easier after this explanation ...

See you soon.

part2 :

hello Again ...

well let's complete our lesson ....

we'll talk about these symbols ( ً )-( ٌ )-( ٍ )
*The first one is called in Arabic "'''Tanween Al''' '''Fat'h'''" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter then add N at the end of letter.
*The second one is called "'''Tanween Al Damm'''". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O" and add N at the End of the letter
*The third one is called "'''Tanween Al Kasr'''". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E" .and add N at the End of the letter

Here are some examples:
*If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add '''Tanween Al Fat'h''' to it ( بً ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Ban)'''. Not a long "a", just a short one.
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add '''Tanween Al Damm''' to it ( بٌ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Bon'''). Not a long "o", just a short one.
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add '''Tanween Al Kasr''' to it ( بٍ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Ben'''). Not a long "e", just a short one.
The table below will help you with other letters:
{| class="wikitable"
!letter
!name of the letter
!pronunciation with Tanween Al Fat'h
!pronunciation with Tanween Al Damm
!pronunciation with Tanween Al Kasr
|-
|ا
|Alif
|An
|On
|Ee
|-
|ب
|Ba'a
|Ban
|Bon
|Ben
|-
|ت
|Ta'a
|Tan
|Ton
|Ten
|-
|ث
|tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th]
|than
|thon
|then
|-
|ج
|jeem
|jan
|jon
|jen
|-
|ح
|ha'a
|han
|Hon
|Hen
|-
|خ
|Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian]
|Khan
|Khon
|Khen
|}
and so on with All the letters.

{{#seo:
|title=How do you pronounce letters in Arabic?
|keywords=letters, sound, pronunciation, rules, Fatha, Damma
|description=In this lesson we will explain how to pronounce the letters of the Arabic Alphabet.
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/5/51/Arabic-alphabet-and-pronunciation.jpg
}}

[[Category: Arabic/Beginner]]
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]

Language/French/Grammar/Imperative-mood

2016-09-23T14:40:16Z

Sybille:

[[File:imperatif.jpg]]

==When to use?==
We use the imperative (or Imératif in French) to order someone to:

* give an order,
* express a desire,
* offer advice,
* recommend something,
* make a request.

==Examples==

The imperative only exists for the present tense ''tu'', ''vous'', or ''nous'' forms:
*Parle ! = speak!
*Parlez ! = speak!
*Parlons ! = let's speak

*Range ta chambre s'il te plait ! = ''Tidy up your room please!''
*Ne va pas au jardin ! = ''Don't go to the garden!
*Ne buvons plus de lait = ''Let's not drink any more milk''
*N'oubliez jamais ce qu'il vous a dit = ''Never forget what he has told you''
*Va faire les courses ! = ''Go run the errands! ''
*Sois sage ! = ''Be wise! ''

Use the "vouloir" forms to politely ask someone to do something. It's not really an order.
*Veuillez vous asseoir! = ''Please sit down.''
*Veuillez attacher votre ceinture! = ''Please fasten your seat belt.''

Tell someone not to do something by negating the verb:
*Ne sois pas en retard ! = ''Don't be late!''

==Videos==
<youtube>tw7othLUDEM</youtube>

Language/French/Grammar/Imperative-mood

2016-09-23T13:47:23Z

Sybille:

modif sybille
[[File:imperatif.jpg]]

==When to use?==
We use the imperative (or Imératif in French) to order someone to:

* give an order,
* express a desire,
* offer advice,
* recommend something,
* make a request.

==Examples==

The imperative only exists for the present tense ''tu'', ''vous'', or ''nous'' forms:
*Parle ! = speak!
*Parlez ! = speak!
*Parlons ! = let's speak

*Range ta chambre s'il te plait ! = ''Tidy up your room please!''
*Ne va pas au jardin ! = ''Don't go to the garden!
*Ne buvons plus de lait = ''Let's not drink any more milk''
*N'oubliez jamais ce qu'il vous a dit = ''Never forget what he has told you''
*Va faire les courses ! = ''Go run the errands! ''
*Sois sage ! = ''Be wise! ''

Use the "vouloir" forms to politely ask someone to do something. It's not really an order.
*Veuillez vous asseoir! = ''Please sit down.''
*Veuillez attacher votre ceinture! = ''Please fasten your seat belt.''

Tell someone not to do something by negating the verb:
*Ne sois pas en retard ! = ''Don't be late!''

==Videos==
<youtube>tw7othLUDEM</youtube>

Language/French/Vocabulary/Useful-Sentenses

2016-09-22T19:29:00Z

Sybille:

[[File:learn_french_useful_phrases.jpg]]

test

Knowing a few useful expressions can make you feel more comfortable when travelling in France.

==Common Sentenses==

In the following list, you will find some of the most common French phrases.

{| class="wikitable"

|
[[File:french.png|50px]]'''French phrase'''

|
'''Translation'''

|-
|
Allons-y !

|
Let’s go !

|-
|
Au feu !

|
Fire!

|-
|
Au revoir

|
Goodbye

|-
|
Au secours !

|
Help !

|-
|
Avez-vous… ?

|
Do you have...?

|-
|
Bon appétit !

|
Enjoy your meal.

|-
|
Bonjour !

|
Hello/Good day!

|-
|
Ça va ?
|
How are you? (informal)

|-
|
Ce n'est pas grave
|
No problèm

|-
|
Combien coûte… ?

|
How much does . . . cost?

|-
|
Comment allez-vous ?

|
How are you?

|-
|
Comment vous appelez-vous ?

|
What’s your name?

|-
|
D'accord

|
Alright

|-
|
De rien

|
You' re welcome

|-
|
Enchanté/Enchantée

|
Pleased to meet you

|-
|
Encore une (bière), s’il vous plaît.

|
Another (beer) please.

|-
|
Est-ce que vous parlez anglais ?

|
Do you speak English?

|-
|
Excusez-moi
|
Excuse me

|-
|
Je m'appelle...

|
My name is... (literally: I call myself)

|-
|
Je ne comprends pas.
|
I don't understand.

|-
|
Je ne sais pas.

|
I don't know.

|-
|
Je suis de...

|
I am from...

|-
|
Je suis malade.

|
I am sick.

|-
|
Je t'aime.

|
I love you. (informal)

|-
|
Je vais bien.

|
I’m fine.

|-
|
Je voudrais...

|
I would like...

|-
|
Je vous en prie/De rien
|
You’re welcome

|-
|
L’addition, s’il vous plaît.

|
The check, please.

|-
|
Le menu, s’il vous plaît.

|
The menu, please.

|-
|
Merci.

|
Thank you.

|-
|
Ne t'en fais pas.

|
Don't worry. (informal)

|-
|
Non.

|
No.

|-
|
Où est…?

|
Where is... ?

|-
|
Où sont les toilettes ?
|
Where are the bathrooms?

|-
|
Pardon./Excusez-moi.

|
Excuse me.

|-
|
Parlez lentement.

|
Please speak slowly.

|-
|
Parlez-vous anglais ?

|
Do you speak English?

|-
|
Pourriez-vous m’aider ?

|
Would you help me please?

|-
|
Pourriez-vous parler plus lentement ?

|
Could you please speak more slowly?

|-
|
Pourriez-vous répéter, s’il vous plaît ?

|
Could you repeat that, please?

|-
|
Qu’est-ce que vous recommandez ?

|
What do you recommend?

|-
|
Quel temps fait-il ?

|
What’s the weather like?

|-
|
Quelle heure est-il ?

|
What time is it?

|-
|
Qu'est-ce que vous avez dit ?
|
What did you say?

|-
|
S'il vous plaît.

|
Please.

|}

==VIDEOS==
<youtube>jBic8GFJ-Rk</youtube>