Language/French/Grammar/Negations

2019-06-08T15:02:58Z

Omfati14: /* General Structure */

[[File:learn_french_ne_pas.jpg]]

In this article you will discover how to form negation in French. Feel free to directly edit this page if you think it can be improved.

==General Structure==
In French, the general structure of Negation is simply to "encircle" the verb with two particles:

"NE" (or "N’", if the verb begins with a vowel) and "PAS":

<code>SUBJECT + "NE (N')" + VERB + "PAS" + COMPLEMENT</code>

*Il connaît le pays → Il ne connaît pas le pays
<blockquote>He knows the country → He does not know the country</blockquote>

Subject + ne + auxilary + pas + verb .
Il n'a pas connaît le pays.

Following this general scheme, in French there are several kinds of denial, each with a different structure:

==="Ne" + "PAS" : no (generally)===
*Je ne comprends pas.
<blockquote>I do not understand</blockquote>

Encors ==="Ne" + "PLUS" : no more, anymore, no longer===
*Nous avons encore de café
*Nous n’avons plus de café
<blockquote>we have no more coffee</blockquote>
*je parle encore
*Je ne parle plus
<blockquote>I do not speak anymore</blockquote>
*il fume encore
*Il ne fume plus
<blockquote>He no longer smokes</blockquote>

Quelque chose ==="Ne" + "RIEN" : anything===
*je dis quelque chose
*Je ne dis rien
<blockquote>I do not say anything</blockquote>

Quelqu'un ==="Ne" + "PERSONNE" : nobody, anybody===
*il y a quelqu'un
*Il n’y a personne
<blockquote>There is nobody</blockquote>
*je vois quelqu'un
*Je ne vois personne
<blockquote>I do not see anybody</blockquote>

Toujours ==="Ne" + "JAMAIS" : never===
*Nous allons toujours à la mer
*Nous n’allons jamais à la mer
<blockquote>We never go to the sea</blockquote>

==="Ne" + "AUCUN/E": any===
*Je n’ai aucune idée
<blockquote>I do not have any idea</blockquote>

==="Ne" + "QUE"===
This structure is not really a negation, but rather a restriction. It is equivalent to "only".
*Je ne dors que cinq heures
<blockquote>I only sleep 5 hours</blockquote>
*Ça ne coûte que cent euros
<blockquote>This costs no more than 100 euros</blockquote>

==Negation with verbs and pronouns==

=== Componds verbs ===

When we have to use negation with a compund verb (compound means having auxiliary and participle), negation "surrounds" the auxiliary, not the participle.

*Vous avez parlé en allemand → Vous n'avez pas parlé en allemand
<blockquote>You have spoken in German → You have not spoken in German</blockquote>

*J’ai dit la vérité → Je n’ai rien dit.
<blockquote>I have said the truth → I have not said the truth</blockquote>

Thus, the structure to remember is:

<code>SUBJECT + "NE (N’)" + AUXILIARY+ "PAS" + PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT</code>

Vous + n’+ avez + pas + parlé + allemand

=== Negation of pronominal verbs===

When we have in the phrase pronouns, we must remember the 2nd most important French rule:

<code>"The pronoun goes before the verb, and as close to it as possible."</code>

We will apply this rule, thinking that the first term of negation ("NE") will be first in the order of the sentence, and then go the pronoun before the verb, and then finally the "PAS".

An example with a pronominal verb, which are the ones with reflexive pronouns:

*Je m’appelle Antoine → Je ne m’appelle pas Antoine
<blockquote>My name is Antoine → My name is not Antoine</blockquote>

<code>SUBJECT + "NE" + ("ME, TE...") + VERB + "PAS" + COMPLEMENT</code>

*Je + ne + m’ + appelle + pas + Antoine

==Examples==

*Je ne veux pas partir
<blockquote>I don't want to leave</blockquote>

''Ne'' becomes ''n''' before a vowel.

*Il n'a pas perdu son sac
<blockquote>He has not lost his bag</blockquote>

Placing ''ne pas'' before an infinitive negates it.

*Le pire est de ne pas essayer
<blockquote>The worst is not to try</blockquote>

==Spoken French==
In spoken French (slang), it is common to hear "J'ai pas faim" (I'm not hungry) without the "n".

The correct written way is : "Je '''n''''ai pas faim".

Always use the '''N''' or the '''NE''' when writing.

==VIDEOS==
<youtube>xjlIsHfkV9E</youtube>

If you consider that this page can be improved, don't hesitate to edit it.

{{#seo:
|title=How to use the negation in French?
|keywords=ne pas, rien, plus, personne, aucun, jamais
|description=This lesson will teach you how to use the negation in French
|og:image=http://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/3/3d/Learn_french_ne_pas.jpg
}}

[[Category: French/Beginner]]
[[Category: French/Grammar]]

Language/French/Grammar/Adjectives

2019-06-08T14:52:04Z

Omfati14:

L'adjectif. ( adjectives) we have 2 types the adjectives .
1 -épithète : nom + adj or adj + nom
For exemple : une fille belle or une belle fille.
( the girl nice or the nice girl)
2 -attribut : nom + verbe + adj
For exemple : cette fille est belle . ( this girl is nice)

==Singular==
*le grand bâtiment = the large building
*la grande ville = the big city

*un grand appartement = a large apartment

==Plural==
*les grands bâtiments = the large buildings
*les grandes villes = the big cities
*de grands appartements = large apartments

Another thing to consider is that the plural article "des" becomes "de" when it is before the adjective:

*Mon bâtiment a de grands appartements = My building has large apartments.

==Sentense construction==
Construct sentences with adjectives is very simple:
*Ce vélo est rapide = This bike is fast.
*Le ciel est bleu = The sky is blue

Adjectives are placed in front or behind a name:

*un homme pauvre = a poor man
*un pauvre homme = a poor man

==Feminine==
The feminine of adjectives is formed by adding the ending "e" to the masculine adjective. However, there are some exceptions. Look at The Adjective. Women's training to learn more about this.

Here is a list of the most common adjectives, with their feminine :

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |'''L'ADJECTIF'''
|-
|'''Masculine'''
|'''Feminine'''

|'''Masculine'''
|'''Feminine'''

|'''Translation'''
|-
|beau
|belle
|laid
|laide
|''beautiful / ugly''
|-
|bon
|bonne
|mauvais
|mauvaise
|''good / bad''
|-
|long
|longue
|court
|courte
|''Long / short''
|-
|grand
|grande
|petit
|petite
|''large / small''
|-
|lent
|lente
|rapide
|rapide
|''slow / fast''
|-
|ouvert
|ouverte
|fermé
|fermée
|''open / closed''
|-
|jeune
|jeune
|vieux
|vieille<br>
|''young / old''
|-
|plein
|pleine
| vide
| vide
|''full / empty''
|-
|cher
|chère
|bon marché
|bon marché
|''expensive / cheap''
|-
|bas
|basse
|haut
|haute
|''low / high''
|-
|facile
|facile
|difficile
|difficile
|''easy / hard''
|-
|vrai
|vraie
|faux
|fausse
|''true / false''
|-
|froid
|froide
|chaud
|chaude
|''cold / hot''
|-
|léger
|légère
|lourd
|lourde
|''light / heavy''
|-
| nouveau
|nouvelle
|ancien
|ancienne
|''new / old''
|}

{{#seo:
|title=How to use adjectives in French?
|keywords=singular, plural, sentense, name, masculine, feminine
|description=In this article you will learn how to use the adjectives in French sentenses.
|og:image=http://wiki.polyglotclub.com/images/6/6e/Learn_french_adjectives.png
}}
[[Category:French/Beginner]]

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Language/French/Grammar/Negations

Language/French/Grammar/Adjectives