Polyglot Club WIKI - User contributions [en]

Language/German/Vocabulary/Parts-of-the-Body

2018-12-18T13:11:13Z

Noryn: Some additions

[[File:body-parts-in-german.jpg|thumb|none]]

Here is some vocabulary about body parts in German. Good learning! :)
==Vocabulary==
*Das Haar - Hair

*Das Auge – Eye

*Die Augenbraue - Eyebrow

*Die Stirn - Forehead

*Das Ohr - Ear

*Die Nase – Nose

*Das Nasenloch - Nostril

*Der Zahn - Tooth

*Der Kiefer - Jaw

*Der Mund – Mouth

*Die Lippe - Lip
*Das Kinn - Chin
*Die Wange - Cheek
*Die Wimper - Eyelash
*Der Bart - Beard
*Der Schnurrbart - Mustache

*Der Hals - Neck

*Die Schulter - Shoulder

*Der Arm - Arm

*Der Ellbogen - Elbow

*Die Hand - Hand

*Der Finger – Finger
*Die Achsel - Armpit
*Der Nagel - Nail
*Der Daumen - Thumb
*Der Zeigefinger - Index finger
*Der Mittelfinger - Middle finger
*Der Ringfinger - Ring finger
*Der Kleinefinger - Little finger/pinky

*Der Bauch - Stomach
*Die Brust - Chest
*Der Rüken - Back
*Die Hüfte - Hip

*Das Bein - Leg

*Das Knie - Knee

*Der Fuss - Foot

*Das Gelenk – Joint

*Die Haut – Skin

*Das Herz - Heart

*Das Blutgefäss – Blood vessel

*Die Arterie – Arteria

*Die Vene – Vein

*Die Kapillare - Capillary
*Der Zeh - Toe
*Das Gehirn - Brain
*Die Lunge - Lung
*Die Leber - Liver
*Die Niere - Kidney
*Die Milz - Spleen
*Das Zwerchfell - Diaphragm
*Der Lymphknoten - Lymphnode
*Der körper - Body
*Der Kopf - Head
*Das Gesicht - Face

==Expressions using body parts==
Please, edit this part...

{{#seo:
|title=How to say the body parts in German
|keywords=head, hand, eye, hair, skin, finger, heart, vocabulary, words, list, table
|description=In this lesson, you will learn some vocabulary related to the body and body parts in German
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/e/ec/Body-parts-in-german.jpg
}}
[[Category: German/Intermediate]]
[[Category:Vocabulary/body]]

Language/German/Vocabulary/Shapes

2018-12-17T18:57:32Z

Noryn: A few additions

In this lesson, we only introduce the shapes. Follow the lesson.

''-The 2D shapes''

Square => '''Quadratisch/Viereck/Quadrat'''

rectangle => '''Rechteck'''

Triangle => '''Dreieck'''

Oval => '''Oval'''

The circle => '''Kreis (You can say "der" instead "the")'''

Diamond => '''Rhombus or Diamant (I'm not sure)'''

Pentagon => '''Fünfeck'''

Star => '''Stern'''

Heart => '''Herz'''

Zigzag => '''Zickzack'''

Spiral => '''Spirale'''

''- The 3D shapes''

Cube => '''Würfel'''

Cylinder => '''Zylinder'''

Pyramid => '''Pyramide'''

Sphere => '''Kugel'''

Hemisphere => '''Halbkugel'''

Cone => '''Kegel'''

Good luck.

Language/Italian/Vocabulary/Body-parts

2018-11-29T09:17:43Z

Noryn: Parts of the body in Italian

Below is a list of parts of the body in Italian:

{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Italian
|-
|Head
|Testa
|-
|Eye/eyes
|Occhio/occhi
|-
|Ear/ears
|Orecchio/orecchie
|-
|Nose
|Naso
|-
|Mouth
|Bocca
|-
|Eyebrow/eyebrows
|Sopracciglio/sopracciglia
|-
|Eyelash/eyelashes
|Ciglio/ciglia
|-
|Beard/beards
|Barba
|-
|Mustache
|Baffi
|-
|Brain
|Cervello
|-
|Neck
|Collo
|-
|Collarbone
|Clavicola
|-
|Shoulder/shoulders
|Spalla/spalle
|-
|Arm/arms
|Braccio/braccia
|-
|Hand/hands
|Mano/mani
|-
|Finger/fingers
|Dito/dita
|-
|Nail/nails
|Unghia/unghie
|-
|Breast
|Mammella
|-
|Chest
|Petto
|-
|Stomach
|Stomaco
|-
|Rib/ribs
|Costola/costolette
|-
|Waist
|Cintola
|-
|Hip/hips
|Fianco/fianchi
|-
|Buttocks
|Culo
|-
|Thigh/thighs
|Coscia/cosce
|-
|Knee/knees
|Ginocchio/ginocchia
|-
|Leg/legs
|Gamba/gambe
|-
|Back
|Schiena
|-
|Hair
|Capelli
|-
|Face
|Faccia/Viso
|-
|Cheek/cheeks
|Guancia/guance
|-
|Chin
|Mento
|-
|Forehead
|Fronte
|-
|Armpit
|Ascella
|-
|Elbow/elbows
|Gomito/gomiti
|-
|Foot/feet
|Piede/piedi
|-
|Ankle/ankles
|Caviglia/caviglie
|-
|Body
|Corpo
|-
|Heart
|Cuore
|-
|Muscle
|Muscolo
|-
|Skin
|Pelle
|-
|Wrist
|Polso
|}

Language/English/Vocabulary/Tongue-twisters

2018-11-28T18:20:24Z

Noryn: Some additions

== 1) Peter Piper ==
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

== 2) She sells seashells ==
She sells seashells by the seashore.

The shells she sells are surely seashells.

So if she sells shells on the seashore,

I'm sure the shells she sells are seashells.

== 3) Betty bought some butter ==
Betty Botter bought some butter

But she said the butter's bitter

If I put in my batter, it will make my batter bitter

But a bit of better butter will make my batter better

So it was better Betty Botter Bought a bit of better butter

== 4) Red lorry, yellow lorry ==
Red lorry, yellow lorry

Red lorry, yellow lorry

Red lorry, yellow lorry

Language/Italian/Vocabulary/Verbi-Italiani-Comuni

2018-11-28T10:10:45Z

Noryn: Additional -are, -ere and -ire verbs

==Verbs in ERE==
*'''accendere''' – to light/to switch on
*'''aprire''' – to open
*'''chiedere''' – to ask for
*'''chiudere''' – to close
*'''correre''' – to run
*'''decidere''' – to decide on
*'''dire''' – to say
*'''dividere''' – to divide
*'''morire''' – to die
*'''nascere''' – to be born
*'''offendere''' – to offend
*'''rispondere''' – to answer
*'''rompere''' – to break
*'''scegliere''' – to choose
*'''scendere''' – to go down
*'''vincere''' – to win
*'''ridere''' – to laugh
*'''riparare''' – to repair
*'''perdere''' – to lose/miss (a bus, not a person)
*'''mettere''' -to put
*'''essere''' – to be
*'''avere''' – to have
*'''vendere''' - to sell
*'''leggere''' - to read
*'''prendere''' - to take
*'''scrivere''' - to write
*'''conoscere''' - to know
*'''credere''' - to believe
*'''spendere''' - to spend
*'''crescere''' - to grow
*'''piacere''' - to be pleasing/to like
*'''vedere''' - to see
*'''vivere''' - to live
*'''comprendere''' - to understand

==Verbs in ARE==
*'''lavorare''' – to work
*'''comprare''' – to buy
*'''studiare''' – to study
*'''amare''' – to love
*'''adorare''' – to adore
*'''odiare''' – to hate
*'''insegnare''' – to teach
*'''suonare''' – to play an instrument
*'''imparare''' – to learn
*'''pregare''' – to ask for
*'''tagliare''' – to cut
*'''assaggiare''' – to taste
*'''camminare''' – to walk
*'''prenotare''' – to book
*'''entrare''' – to enter
*'''ordinare''' – to order
*'''tornare''' – to return
*'''abitare''' – to live (in a place)
*'''lavare''' - to wash
*'''saltare''' - to jump
*'''cucinare''' - to cook
*'''chiamare''' - to call
*'''volare''' - to fly
*'''cantare''' - to sing
*'''nuotare''' - to swim
*'''ballare''' - to dance
*'''gridare''' - to yell/shout
*'''guardare''' - to watch
*'''suonare''' - to play (instrument)
*'''giocare''' - to play (game like football)
*'''guidare''' - to drive
*'''svegliare''' - to wake up
*'''alzare''' - to get up
*'''mandare''' - to send
*'''inviare''' - to send
*'''navigare''' - navigate

== Verbs in IRE ==
* '''Uscire''' - to go out
* '''finire''' - to finish
* '''partire''' - to leave
* '''dormire''' - to sleep
* '''sparire''' - to disappear/vanish
* '''coprire''' - cover up
* '''preferire''' - to prefer
* '''capire''' - to understand
* '''costruire''' - to construct
* '''demolire''' - to demolish
* '''guarire''' - to heal
* '''pulire''' - to clean
* '''unire''' - to unite

Language/Italian/Vocabulary/Le-25-parole-e-frasi-più-usate

2018-11-28T09:32:37Z

Noryn: A few additional sentences

[[File:Learn italian 25 parole piu usate.png|thumb|400x400px|none]]

== Le 25 parole e frasi piu' usate (Top 25 most common words and sentences) ==
# '''Ciao.''' Hello.
# '''Buongiorno.''' Good morning.
# '''Buonanotte.''' Good night.
# '''Sono (il tuo nome).''' I'm (your name).
# '''Mi chiamo (il tuo nome).''' My name is (your name).
# '''Come ti chiami/come si chiama?''' What's your name?(informal/formal)
# '''Piacere di conoscerti/conoscerla.''' Nice to meet you.(informal/formal)
# '''Come stai/come sta?''' How are you?(informal/formal)
# '''Bene, grazie.''' E tu? I'm fine, thanks. And you?
# '''Per favore.''' Please.
# '''Grazie.''' Thank you.
# '''Prego.''' You're welcome.
# '''Sì.''' Yes.
# '''No.''' No.
# '''Va bene.''' Okay.
# '''Scusi.''' Excuse me.
# '''Scusa.''' I'm sorry.
# '''Che ora è/che ore sono?''' What time is it?
# '''Dov'è (ciò che stai cercando)?''' Where is (what you're looking for)?
# '''Posso usare il bagno?''' May I use the restroom?
# '''Vorrei (qualcosa da..).''' I would like (something to..).
# '''Posso avere il conto?''' Can I get the check?
# '''A presto.''' See you soon.
# '''A dopo.''' See you later.
# '''Dove posso mangiare (la pizza)?''' Where can I eat (a pizza)?
# '''Quanto costa?''' How much is it?
# '''Quanto è lontano?''' How far is it?

==Author==
[http://polyglotclub.com/member/Giando Giando]

== Videos ==
<youtube>Cd2Qvxl5U8M</youtube>

Language/Italian/Vocabulary/Jobs

2018-11-28T09:11:16Z

Noryn: small addition,waitress

[[File:Jobs-in-Italian.jpg|thumb|none]]

In this lesson, you will learn some Italian vocabulary about jobs:

*'''Professioni – professions'''

*'''l’operaio''', '''l’operaia''' – manual labourer

*'''il''' '''commesso''', '''la''' '''commessa''' – sales assistant

*'''l’insegnante''' – teacher

*'''l’infermiere, l’infermiera''' – nurse

*'''il farmacista, la farmacista''' – pharmacist

*'''lo studente, la studentessa''' – student

*'''il cameriere, la cameriera''' – waiter/waitress

*'''l’impiegato, la impiegata''' – office worker (white collar)

*'''il dottore, la dottoressa''' – doctor

*'''il casalingo, la casalinga''' – house husband, housewife

*'''l’attore, l’attrice''' – actor/actress

*'''lo scrittore, la scrittrice''' – writer

*'''il cantante, la cantante''' – singer

*'''il panettiere – baker''' (“root word” = pane, suffix = iere)

*'''Il barbiere / la parrucchiera''' – barber / hairdresser

*'''il giornalaio''' – newsagent

*'''il giornalista''' – journalist

*'''il tabaccaio''' – tobacconist

*'''il meccanico''' – mechanic

*'''l’elettricista''' – electrician

*'''il medico''' – doctor

*'''il veterinario''' – vet

*'''il muratore''' – bricklayer

*'''il fruttivendolo''' – greengrocer

*'''il contadino''' – farmer

*'''il libraio''' – bookseller

*'''il macellaio''' – butcher

*'''il falegname''' – carpenter

*'''il pescivendolo''' – fishmonger

*'''il gioielliere''' – jeweler

Language/Italian/Vocabulary/Numbers

2018-11-26T14:39:07Z

Noryn: minor additions

[[File:Numbers-in-Italian.jpg|thumb|none]]

==Numbers==

*0 - Zero (Zero) 
*1 - Uno (One) 
*2 - Due (Two) 
*3 - Tre (Three) 
*4 - Quattro (Four) 
*5 - Cinque (Five) 
*6 - Sei (Six) 
*7 - Sette (Seven) 
*8 - Otto (Eight) 
*9 - Nove (Nine) 
*10 - Dieci (Ten) 
*11 - Undici (Eleven) 
*12 - Dodici (Twelve) 
*13 - Tredici (Thirteen) 
*14 - Quattordici (Fourteen) 
*15 - Quindici (Fifteen) 
*16 - Sedici (Sixteen) 
*17 - Diciassette (Seventeen) 
*18 - Diciotto (Eighteen) 
*19 - Diciannove (Nineteen) 
*20 - '''Venti''' (Twenty) 
*21 - Vent<del>(i)</del>'''uno''' (Twenty one) '''''Without "i"''''' 
*22 - Venti'''due''' (Twenty two) 
*23 - Venti'''tre''' (Twenty three) ....
*28 - Vent<del>(i)</del>'''otto''' (Twenty eight) '''''Without "i"'''''
:..... 
*30 - '''Trenta''' (Thirty) 
*31 - Trent<del>(a)</del>'''uno''' (Thirty one) '''''Without "a"''''' 
*32 - Trenta'''due''' (Thirty two) ....
*38 - trent<del>(a)</del>'''otto''' (Thirty eight) '''''Without "a"'''''
:..... 
*40 - '''Quaranta''' (Forty) 
*41 - Quantnt<del>(a)</del>'''uno''' ( Forty one) '''''Without "a"''''' 
*42 - Quaranta'''due''' (Forty two) .....
*48 - Quarant<del>(a)</del>'''otto''' (Forty eight) '''''Without "a"''''' 
:..... 
*50 - '''Cinquanta''' (Fifty) 
*51 - Cinquant<del>(a)</del>'''uno''' (Fifty one) '''''Without "a"''''' 
*52 - Cinquanta'''due''' (Fifty two) .....
*58 - Cinquant<del>(a)</del>'''otto''' (Fifty eight) '''''Without "a"'''''
:..... 
*60 - '''Sessanta''' (Sixty) 
*61 - Sessant<del>(a)</del>'''uno''' (Sixty one) '''''Without "a"''''' 
*62 - Sessanta'''due''' (Sixty two) .....
*68 - Sessant<del>(a)</del>'''otto''' (Sixty eight) '''''Without "a"'''''
:..... 
*70 - '''Settanta''' (Seventy) 
*71 - Settant<del>(a)</del>'''uno''' (Seventy one) '''''Without "a"''''' 
*72 - Settanta'''due''' (Seventy two) .....
*78 - Settant<del>(a)</del>'''otto''' (Seventy eight) '''''Without "a"''''' 
:..... 
*80 - '''Ottanta''' (Eighty) 
*81 - Ottant<del>(a)</del>'''uno''' (Eighty one) '''''Without "a"''''' 
*82 - Ottanta'''due''' (Eighty two) .....
*88 - Ottant<del>(a)</del>'''otto''' (Eighty eight) '''''Without "a"''''' 
:..... 
*90 - '''Novanta''' (Ninety) 
*91 - Novant<del>(a)</del>'''uno''' (Ninety one) '''''Without "a"''''' 
*92 - Novanta'''due''' (Ninety two) ......
*98 - Novant<del>(a)</del>'''otto''' (Ninety eight) '''''Without "a"'''''
:..... 
*100 - '''Cento''' (One hundred) 
*101 - Cento Uno (One hundred one)
:.... 
*200 - '''Due'''cento (Two hundred) 
*201 - Duecento '''Uno''' (Two hundred one) 
*202 - Duecento '''Due''' (Two hundred two) 
*203 - Duecento '''Tre''' (Two hundred three) 
:.... 
*300 - '''Tre'''cento (Three hundred) 
*400 - '''Quattro'''cento (Four hundred) 
*500 - '''Cinque'''cento 
*600 - '''Sei'''cento 
*700 - '''Sette'''cento 
*800 - '''Otto'''cento 
*900 - '''Nove'''cento 
*1000 - Mille 
*2000 - '''Due'''mila 
*3000 - '''Tre'''mila 
*4000 - '''Quattro'''mila 
*5000 - '''Cinque'''mila 
*6000 - '''Sei'''mila 
*7000 - '''Sette'''mila 
*8000 - '''Otto'''mila 
*9000 - '''Nove'''mila 
*10.000 - '''Dieci'''mila 
:..... 
*1.000.000 - '''Un<del>(o)</del>''' Milione '''''Without "o"''''' 
*2.000.000 - '''Due''' Milioni 
*10.000.000 - '''Dieci''' Milioni 
*100.000.000 - '''Cento''' Milioni 
:..... 
*1.000.000.000 - '''Un<del>(o)</del>''' Miliardo '''''Without "o"''''' 
*2.000.000.000 - '''Due''' Miliardi 
:..... 

==NUMERI ORDINALI (ORDINAL NUMBERS)==

*1° PRIMO (FIRST)
*2° SECONDO (SECOND)
*3° TERZO (THIRD)
*4° QUARTO (FOURTH)
*5° QUINTO (FIFTH)
*6° SESTO (SIXTH)
*7° SETTIMO (SEVENTH)
*8° OTTAVO (EIGHTH)
*9° NONO (NINETH)
*10° DECIMO (TENTH)
*11° UNDICESIMO (ELEVENTH)
*12° DODICESIMO (TWELFTH)
*13° TREDICESIMO (THIRTEENTH)
*14° QUATTORDICESIMO (FOURTEENTH)
*15° QUINDICESIMO (FIFTEENTH)
*16° SEDICESIMO (SIXTEENTH)
*17° DICIASSETTESIMO (SEVENTEENTH)
*18° DICIOTTESIMO (EIGHTEENTH)
*19° DICIANNOVESIMO (NINETEENTH)
*20° '''VENTESIMO (TWENTIETH)'''
*21° VENTUNESIMO (TWENTY-FIRST)
*22° VENTIDUESIMO (TWENTY-SECOND)
*23° VENTITREESIMO (TWENTY-THIRD)
*24° VENTIQUATTRESIMO (TWENTY-FOURTH)
*25° VENTICINQUESIMO (TWENTY-FIFTH)
*26° VENTISEESIMO (TWENTY-SIXTH)
*27° VENTISETTESIMO (TWENTY-SEVENTH)
*28° VENTOTTESIMO (TWENTY-EIGHTH)
*29° VENTINOVESIMO (TWENTY-NINETH)
*30° '''TRENTESIMO''' '''(THIRTIETH)'''
*31° TRENTUNESIMO (THIRTY-FIRST)...... 

*40° '''QUARANTESIMO (FORTIETH)''' 
*50° '''CINQUANTESIMO (FIFTIETH)''' 
*60° '''SESSANTESIMO (SIXTIETH)'''

*70° '''SETTANTESIMO (SEVENTIETH)'''
*80° OTTANTESIMO (EIGHTIETH)
*90° NOVANTESIMO (NINETIETH)

*100° CENTESIMO (HUNDREDTH)

Language/German/Grammar/Cases

2018-11-26T13:24:41Z

Noryn: Spelling

There are four cases in German: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive.
* Nominative (Nom. or N) indicates the subject of a verb, such as "the monkey" in "'''The monkey''' eats a banana." "'''Der Affe''' isst eine Banane."
* Accusative (Akk. or A) indicates the direct object, such as "a pen" in "He bought '''a pen'''." "Er hat '''einen Stift''' gekauft."
* Dative (Dat. or D) indicates the indirect object, such as "him" in "His father will give '''him''' a tricycle." "Sein Vater wird '''ihm''' ein Dreirad geben."
* Genitive (Gen. or G) usually indicates the possessor of something, such as "my mom" in "This is a helicopter of '''my mom'''." "Das ist ein Hubschrauber '''meiner Mutter'''."

Prepositions may require accusative, dative or genitive objects. They can be found here:

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German/Grammar/Prepositions_and_Postpositions.

Verbs may require accusative, dative or genitive objects.

Dative verbs can be found here:

http://germanforenglishspeakers.com/reference/dative-verbs

Genitive verbs can e found here:

https://easy-deutsch.de/en/verbs/verbs-with-complements/genitive/

You can assume other verbs are all accusative, if you don't want to bother search each new verb you meet.

English Wikibooks has an article on: [[wikibooks:German/Grammar/Cases|cases]].

== Practice resources ==
https://quizlet.com/207586948/common-german-genitive-verbs-flash-cards/

https://quizlet.com/164731009/intermediate-german-dative-verbs-flash-cards/

https://quizlet.com/237466632/german-prepositions-cases-flash-cards/

Language/German/Vocabulary/Greetings

2018-11-26T13:16:59Z

Noryn: Minor correction

[[File:germany_greetings.jpg|thumb|none]]

'''hallo''' - hello

'''hi''' - hi

'''guten Morgen''' - good morning

'''guten Tag''' - hello/good day

'''guten Abend''' - good evening

"Moin" - hello (used in northern Germany)

'''gute Nacht''' - good night

'''auf wiederhören''' (am Telefon) - goodbye (on the phone)

'''willkommen''' - welcome

'''Nett, dich kennenzulernen''' - Nice to meet you

'''Wie geht es dir?''' (informal) - How are you?

'''Wie geht es Ihnen?''' (formal) - How are you?

'''Mein Name ist...''' - My name is...

'''Mir geht es gut.''' - I am fine

'''Es geht mir sehr gut.''' - I am very well.

'''und dir?''' - and you?

'''sehr erfreut''' - nice to meet you

'''lange nicht gesehen''' - long time no see

'''bis bald''' - see you soon

'''bis später''' - see you later

'''bis morgen''' - see you tomorrow

'''bis Montag''' - see you Monday

'''auf Wiedersehen''' - Goodbye

'''alles Gute''' - all the best

'''viel Glück''' - good luck

'''mach's gut''' (informal) - take care

'''viele Grüße''' (informal) - Best wishes

'''liebe Grüße''' (informal) - Best regards

'''liebe...''' - dear...

'''Freut mich, dich zu sehen.''' - I am glad to see you.

'''mit freundlichem Gruß''' - Best regards

== Practice Phrases ==
A: '''Hallo''' - Hello

B: '''Guten Tag''' - Hello

A: '''Schön, dich zu treffen''' - Nice to meet you

B: '''Freut mich, dich zu sehen'''. - I am glad to see you

A: '''Wie geht es dir?''' - How are you?

B: '''Mir geht es gut, danke. Wie geht es dir?''' - I am fine, thanks. How are you?

A: '''Mir geht es auch gut, danke.''' - I am fine, too. Thanks.

==Videos==
<youtube>nyUU3s73hn4</youtube>

Language/Italian/Vocabulary/Colors

2018-11-26T10:53:35Z

Noryn: I gave additional examples

Colors - I colori
==Words ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!|English
! |Italiano

|-
|black
|nero/a

|-
|blue
|blu

|-
|brown
|marrone

|-
|gold
|oro

|-
|green
|verde

|-
|grey
|grigio/a

|-
|orange
|arancione

|-
|pink
|rosa

|-
|purple
|viola

|-
|red
|rosso/a

|-
|silver
|argento

|-
|yellow
|giallo/a

|-
|white
|bianco/a
|}

==Examples: ==
In Italian language, objects have genders i.e either feminine or masculine. As we know, colors are adjectives (words that describe something). Adjectives in Italian MUST agree with the GENDER and NUMBER of the noun. You'll notice from the list of colors above that for colors that end in "o" there is also an option for an ending in "a" and this is dependent on the gender.

E.g

1) A black cat : This sentence can be written in two different ways in Italian, depending on the gender of the cat (our noun).

i) A black cat - Un gatto nero (In this case, our cat is masculine hence "nero")

ii) A black cat - Una gatta nera (In this case, the cat is female hence "nera")

OR

2) The pen is yellow : A pen in Italian is feminine i.e "Penna". Therefore, it's adjective which is the color "yellow" MUST agree with

our noun "pen" which is feminine. Hence:

The pen is yellow - La penna è gialla

3) My grey spoon : Spoon in Italian is masculine i.e "cucchiaio". Hence, the adjective must agree with the gender of the noun "spoon" and take a masculine form.

My grey spoon - Il mio cucchiaio grigio

Please Note: A few examples where the adjective agrees with number:

1) Black cats (masculine) - Gatti neri OR (feminine) Gatte nere

2) The pens are yellow - Le penne sono gialle

3) Our grey spoons - i nostri cucchiai grigi

Language/German/Grammar/Simple-negative-sentences

2018-11-26T10:05:33Z

Noryn: Spelling mistakes

In the previous lesson‌ (Introduction), we learned how to say " I am --- ". In this lesson, we learn how we can say "I am not ---". Follow the lesson, please.

We use "'''nicht'''" if it's not for nouns.

Example :

'''- Ich bin Lehrer.'''

''I'm a teacher.''

'''- Ich bin Lehrer nicht.'''

''I'm not a teacher.''

When it comes to nouns, we use "'''kein'''" (for masculine and neuter) or "'''keine'''" (for feminine).

Example :

'''- Ich bin Lehrer.'''

''I'm a teacher.''

'''- Ich bin kein Lehrer.'''

''I'm not a teacher.''

Look at this example again, we delete the "ein / eine => an/ a" because it's more natural for native speakers.

Good luck.

Language/German/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation

2018-11-26T09:33:18Z

Noryn: Spelling and grammar mistakes

[[File:German-alphabet.jpg|none|thumb]]

'''The german alphabet and special sounds''', explained in english sounds.
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
|A a
|B b
|C c
|D d
|E e
|F f
|G g
|H h
|I i
|J j
|K k
|L l
|M m
|N n
|O o
|P p
|Q q
|R r
|S s
|T t
|U u
|V v
|W w
|X x
|Y y
|Z z
|-
!IPA of Name
|/aː/
|/beː/
|/t͡seː/
|/deː/
|/eː/
|/ɛf/
|/ɡeː/
|/haː/
|/iː/
|/jɔt/; /jeː/
|/kaː/
|/ɛl/
|/ɛm/
|/ɛn/
|/oː/
|/peː/
|/kuː/; /kveː/
|/ɛʁ/
|/ɛs/
|/teː/
|/uː/
|/faʊ̯/
|/veː/
|/ɪks/
|/ˈʏpsilɔn/; /ʏˈpsiːlɔn/
|/t͡sɛt/
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
|Ä ä
|Ö ö
|Ü ü
|ẞ ß
|-
!IPA of Name
|/ɛː/
|/øː/
|/yː/
|/ɛsˈt͡sɛt/, /ˈʃaʁfəs ɛs/
|}

The German alphabet contains 26 Letters, as well as four more letters (but for some reason they are not part of the regular alphabet)

It's really hard to describe it in letters, but I'll give it my best try.

# A, this is like the a in garden. It's way more dark and deeper than the english a.
# B, sounds like beh
# C, sounds like tseh
# D, deh
# E, an e like in "enter", but a little longer and more open pronounced
# F, eff
# G, like Gordon
# H, ha, like the English "huh?" sound, once more more open though
# I, like in impress or "in", more open
# J, the letter is called jot, pronounced as yot, the sound itself is y
# K, kah
# L, ell
# M, emm
# N, enn
# O, almost like English o, but like the a before, more dark and deeper, it's not a swinging sound, it's pronounced kind of lazy, you don't say oh, but ooo
# P, peh
# Q, this has two used sounds, the first is kweh, the other is kuh, the u again a dark sound. Further explanation: The German sound of "Q-Tip" would be Kjuh-Tip, if you skip that j in the middle, you got it
# R, err, the English R I'd write down phonetic as Rw. For example Richard sounds to German speakers like Rwicharwd. German doesn't have that w-swing, between words it bends more to an A than W. In the beginning its like rr, like a you do a horny sound.
# S. ess
# T, teh
# U, as all the other vowels, it is deep and dark sounding, the German phonetic of the English U would be "juh", you must skip that j sound from the beginning
# V, fau (au is a dipthong, a double sound, i explain further later)
# W, weh
# X, iks (a little bit like eeks, but the i does not equal ee entirely, it's a shorter and harder sound)
# Y, üpsilonn / ipsilonn (Ü explanation coming soon)
# Z, tsett
I heavily advice you to listen to the sounds in YouTube videos. It's almost impossible to describe them properly. You must get a sense for it yourself. Nevertheless, here comes the four letters which are part of regular words, but aren't part of the alphabet.

# ß, this one is like a double s, it does not have a big writing, it only exists in the small form, if you have to write it in big, you do SS instead.
# ö, if you make an O sound, put your tongue more forward to your lower teeth and sharpen your lips a bit
# ü, probably the hardest one for English speakers,try it the same way as explained in Ö
# ä, this comes close to the English a sound, but doesn't swing in voice so much, it's darker, it's almost like if you wondering "eeeehm?" The tongue does not go forward here, but rather a bit upward, not too much though

Now we are coming to Diphthongs and special sounds, which are very important. If two or three certain letters come together, they form a new sound.

# Sch, is exactly the same like English sh. It is NOT like English "school", but it's like "shit"
# Ch, this sound doesn't exist in English, it's a throaty one, imagine a cat making it's angry sound, like a cat roar/hiss, not so much pressure on it though
# St, mostly becomes a spoken sch
# ie, this only occurs in the middle of a word, never at beginning, it is called the "long i" or sometimes "mute e", so it's basically like a longer pronounced i
# Ei, sounds a 100% like the English i
# Ai, again like i
# Au, is like a ow, like the sound you make if you hurt yourself
# Äu, is like oi
# Eu, the same again, oi
# ee, is a longer stretched German e sound
# aa, is a longer stretched German a sound

Now for some useful examples.

*Das Haus (the house) sounds like dass hows

*Der Baum (the tree) sounds like dare bowm

*Das Tier (the animal) sounds like dass teer

*Der Mais (the corn) sounds like dare mice

*Das Paar (the pair) sounds like dass pahr

*Der Bär (the bear) sounds like dare bare (but the R sound is heavier)

*Die Straße (the street) sounds like dee shdrrahseh

*Vier (four) sounds like fear (but the R comes close to an A, so it could also be described as German fia)

Again, I strongly suggest you to watch various videos of it. I recommend you the YouTube channel "Deutsch für euch".

'''For example:'''

<youtube>4DnNVi1qCyQ</youtube>

[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]

Language/German/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week

2018-11-26T09:10:39Z

Noryn: A minor change of the translation of "The days of the week" to German's " Die Tage der Woche"

[[File:german-vocabulary-days-of-the-week.jpg|300px]]

'''The days of the week''', or '''die Tage der Woche''', are all masculine because they end in (-tag). However, Mittwoch is still considered masculine.

== Days of the Week ==
* '''Sonntag''' - Sunday
* '''Montag''' - Monday
* '''Dienstag''' - Tuesday
* '''Mittwoch''' - Wednesday
* '''Donnerstag''' - Thursday
* '''Freitag''' - Friday
* '''Samstag''' - Saturday

== Practice Phrases ==
* '''Heute ist Freitag''' - Today is Friday
* '''Morgen ist Dienstag''' - Tomorrow is Tuesday
* '''Von Sonntag bis Mittwoch''' - From Sunday to Wednesday
* '''Donnerstag ist den fünfte Tag der Woche''' - Thursday is the fifth day of the week
* '''Am Montag trinken wir Bier.''' - On Monday, we drink beer
* '''Gestern war Donnerstag''' - Yesterday was Thursday

==Videos==
<youtube>UG9DuRk-u8E</youtube>

{{#seo:
|title=How to say the days of the week in German
|keywords=Sonntag, Montag, Dienstag, Mittwoch, Donnerstag, monday, tuesday, wednesday
|description=This lesson will teach you the days of the week in German: Sonntag, Montag, Dienstag...
|og:image=http://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/b/b8/German-vocabulary-days-of-the-week.jpg
}}

[[Category: German/Beginner]]

Language/Swahili-individual-language/Grammar/Pronouns

2018-06-14T20:52:08Z

Noryn: Personal and Possessive Pronouns in Swahili

<big>Personal Pronouns:</big>

The Swahili personal pronouns are as below:

{| class="wikitable"
!
!SWAHILI
!ENGLISH
|-
|1st Person Singular
|Mimi
|I
|-
|2nd Person Singular
|Wewe
|You
|-
|3rd Person Singular
|Yeye (for both male and female)
|He or She
|-
|1st Person Plural
|Sisi
|We
|-
|2nd Person Plural
|Nyinyi
|You (plural)
|-
|3rd Person Plural
|Wao
|They
|}

<big>Possessive Pronouns:</big>

In Swahili, the possessive pronouns must agree with the noun class they represent. The nouns in Swahili are classified in groups called "ngeli". An example of one classification (ngeli) is '''''Ngeli ya Ki - Vi(Ch-Vy)''''' where you will find nouns such as:
* Kisu (knife singular) - Visu (plural)
* Kiti (chair) - Viti
* Kitabu (book) - Vitabu
* Chumba (room) - Vyumba
Let's first list the Swahili possessive pronouns before continuing with our example above.

{| class="wikitable"
!
!SWAHILI
!ENGLISH
|-
|1st Person Singular
| -angu
|mine
|-
|2nd Person Singular
| -ako
|yours
|-
|3rd Person Singular
| -ake
|his or hers
|-
|1st Person Plural
| -etu
|ours
|-
|2nd Person Plural
| -enu
|yours (plural)
|-
|3rd Person Plural
| -ao
|theirs
|}

Now, let me explain what i meant by "In Swahili, the possessive pronouns must agree with the noun class they represent". In the above example, we looked at '''''Ngeli ya Ki-Vi(Ch-Vy)''''' and we saw that the word '''''knife-kisu''''' falls in this category or '''''ngeli'''''. So, how do we say "'''''My knife'''''" in Swahili?

<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''''Kisu -angu'''''? No, we would have to place a prefix before the stem '''''-angu'''''. Since knife falls under the category of '''''ngeli ya Ki-Vi(Ch-Vy)''''' then it means:
* We must use the prefix '''''ch''''' for singular and '''''vy''''' for plural i.e. kisu '''''ch'''''angu - visu '''''vy'''''angu, chumba '''''ch'''''angu - vyumba '''''vy'''''angu

However, the prefixes placed before the stems when dealing with possessive pronouns change depending on the category('''''ngeli''''') of the noun given.

Language/Swahili-individual-language/Vocabulary/Counting-and-Numbers

2018-06-12T17:20:44Z

Noryn: I gave a break down of how we count numbers in Swahili language

A short guide on how to count in Swahili from one to a million. First, let's start from 0-9 (zero to nine).

0 Sufuri 1 Moja 2 Mbili

3 Tatu 4 Nne 5 Tano

6 Sita 7 Saba 8 Nane

9 Tisa

Next, we shall look at the tens i.e 10-90 (ten to ninety).

10 Kumi 20 Ishirini 30 Thelathini

40 Arobaini 50 Hamsini 60 Sitini

70 Sabini 80 Themanini 90 Tisini

The compound numbers like 11, 25, 76 etc are formed by saying the ten and the corresponding digit for example 11 would be "kumi na moja" which literally translates to "ten and one", 25 would be "ishirini na tano" and in English it translates to "twenty and five" literally! Hence, 99 would be "tisini na tisa".

Now let's look at the hundreds. These are simply formed by placing the corresponding digit or number after the word hundred in Swahili "Mia". For example, 700 (seven hundred) in Swahili would be (Mia) + (our corresponding number which in our case is 7).....Hence, it would be "Mia saba"

100 Mia moja 200 Mia mbili 300 Mia tatu

400 Mia nne 500 Mia tano 600 Mia sita

700 Mia saba 800 Mia nane 900 Mia tisa

The hundreds are different from how we name the tens when compounded. Saying the hundred and the corresponding digit will only work with the single digits 1-9 for example, 108 would be "Mia moja na nane" literally "one hundred and eight" but when it comes to the 'hundreds plus a tens' like 150, 690 we do not include the and i.e 'na' for example 150 would NOT be "Mia moja na hamsini" BUT rather "Mia moja hamsini" and 690 would be "Mia sita tisini".

Finally, thousands are formed exactly like the hundreds but we place the word "Elfu" which means thousand before the corresponding number or digit for example 1007 would be "Elfu moja na saba" which in English would translate as "One thousand and seven", 3840 would be "Elfu tatu mia nane na arobaini" literally in English it translates as "Three thousand eight hundred and forty", 6587 would be "Elfu sita mia tano themanini na saba" and the literal translation in English would be a bit different from how we say it normally "Six thousand five hundred eighty and seven". Please note that the and 'na' attaches itself to the last digit and that is why a number like 9362 in Swahili is "Elfu tisa mia tatu sitini NA mbili" while 9950 would be "Elfu tisa tisini NA hamsini"

1000 Elfu moja 2000 Elfu mbili 3000 Elfu tatu

4000 Elfu nne 5000 Elfu tano 6000 Elfu sita

7000 Elfu saba 8000 Elfu nane 9000 Elfu tisa

100000 Laki moja 1000000 Milioni moja