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Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers

2024-10-21T02:15:33Z

Masiziva:

== Numbers in Shona ==
'''This page is still under edit read with care.'''

On this page we will go over Shona numbers.

=== Numbers Vocabulary ===
Below is a list of some vocabulary that may be used in reference to numbers.
{| class="wikitable"
!Vocabulary in Shona
(Mazwi eChivanhu)
!Translation in English
(Uturikiso muChingezi)
!
|-
|Chiperengo; zviperengo
|Number; Numbers
|'''nhamba''' is also used, deriving from English.
|-
|Mperengo; miperengo; dziperengo
|Digit; Digits
|
|-
|Numeri; Manumeri
|Numeral; Numerals
|The biblical Book of Numbers is also called 'Numeri'.
|-
|Kurava
|To count; counting
|
|-
|Kuperenga
|To number; numbering
|
|-
|Kuverenga / Kuwerenga
|To read; reading
|
|-
|Mamotsi
|Ones
|
|-
|Machumi
|Tens
|
|-
|Mazana
|Hundrends
|
|-
|Machuru
|Thousands
|
|-
|Mamiriyoni
|Millions
|
|-
|Mabhiriyoni
|Billions
|
|}

=== Ones (0-9) ===
The following set of numbers is the basic foundation of Shona numerals, just as you find that in other languages in the world 0 to 9, or 1 to 9 are continuously repeated in one form or another, the same is true in the Shona language. The Shona language has no known native script, although there are projects to create one, it currently utilises Western scripts for writing, in particular the Latin Script, and the Roman numerals for number system. However, be mindful to remember that the use of roman numerals does not necessarily mean they are pronounced the same, they are very different.
{| class="wikitable"
!Numbers in English
(Zviperengo muChivanhu)
!
!Translation in English
(Uturikiso muChingezi)
!
|-
|Zanda
|Rushaiwe; Rupasina
|Zero
|Rushaiwe and Rupasina mean "without; not found"
Zanda means "Egg"; ''zai'' could also be used.
|-
|Poshi
|Imwe
|One
|Other variations include: motsi; moshi; mosi; modza; modzi; potsi; posi; bodzi; bodza
|-
|Piri
|Mbiri
|Two
|
|-
|Tatu
|Nhatu
|Three
|
|-
|Ina
|Na; Nna
|Four
|
|-
|Shanu
|
|Five
|
|-
|Tanhatu
|Nhanhatu
|Six
|
|-
|Nomwe
|
|Seven
|
|-
|Sere
|
|Eight
|
|-
|Pfumbamwe
|Pfemba
|Nine
|
|}

=== Tens (10-90) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Numbers in Shona
(Zviperengo muChivanhu)
!Translation in English
(Uturikiso muChingezi)
!Explanation
(Tsananguro)
|-
!10s
! colspan="2" |Ten and - (i.e. ten and two = twelve)
|-
|Gumi
|Ten
|
|-
|Guminerimwe
|Eleven
| rowspan="9" |"Gumi ne-" is essentially "ten and-"; it is equivalent to "-teen".
Ten and One = eleven

Ten and Two = twelve, and etcetera.
|-
|Guminembiri
|Twelve
|-
|Guminenhatu
|Thirteen
|-
|Guminena / Guminenna
|Fourteen
|-
|Gumineshanu
|Fifteen
|-
|Guminenhanhatu
|Sixteen
|-
|Guminenomwe
|Seventeen
|-
|Guminesere
|Eighteen
|-
|Guminepfumbamwe
|Nineteen
|-
!20s
! colspan="2" |<nowiki>(amount of) tens i.e. two tens = twenty | two tens and one = twenty-one</nowiki>
|-
|Makumimaviri / Makumimairi
|Twenty
|Variations: Makumimawiri; Makumimayiri
|-
|Makumimaviri-nerimwe
|Twenty-one
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nembiri
|Twenty-two
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-netatu
|Twenty-three
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nena
|Twenty-four
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-neshanu
|Twenty-five
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nenhanhatu
|Twenty-six
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nenomwe
|Twenty-seven
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nesere
|Twenty-eight
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nepfumbamwe
|Twenty-nine
|
|-
!30s
!
! rowspan="21" |All other numbers follow a similar pattern to the above "20s" section.
The first sets have been exemplified in each section, to form other sets of tens, simply follow the system/pattern.

For example,

all "tens" utilise "gumi" which is "ten".

Be it "gumi ne-" = ("ten and")

or "makumima" = ("x amount of tens")

i.e. makumimaviri = twenty ("two tens")

{two times ten / [2x10 = 20] or two sets of ten [10 + 10 = 20]}

if we add "neshanu" = and/plus five

[+5)

it becomes "makumimaviri neshanu" which is "two tens and five"

equating to "twenty and five"

[(2x10) + 5 = 25] or [10 + 10 + 5 = 25]

The same logic is applied to the rest 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s

i.e.

"makumimanomwe" which is "seven tens" or "seventy"

and "neshanu" = seventy five

[7x10=70] / [10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 70]
|-
|Makumimatatu
|Thirty
|-
|Makumimatatu-nerimwe
|Thirty-one
|-
!40s
!
|-
|Makumimana
|Forty
|-
|Makumimana-nerimwe
|Forty-one
|-
!50s
!
|-
|Makumimashanu
|Fifty
|-
|Makumimashanu-nerimwe
|Fifty-one
|-
!60s
!
|-
|Makumimatanhatu
|Sixty
|-
|Makumimatanhatu-nerimwe
|Sixty-one
|-
!70s
!
|-
|Makumimanomwe
|Seventy
|-
|Makumimanomwe-nerimwe
|Seventy-one
|-
!80s
!
|-
|Makumimasere
|Eighty
|-
|Makumimasere-nerimwe
|Eighty-one
|-
!90s
!
|-
|Makumimapfumbamwe
|Ninety
|-
|Makumimapfumbamwe-nerimwe
|Ninety-one
|}

=== Hundreds (100-900) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Number in Shona
!English Translation
!Explanation
|-
! colspan="3" |Example: One hundred and "Ones"
|-
|Zana
|Hundred; One hundred
| rowspan="10" |
|-
|Zananerimwe
|One hundred
|-
|Zananembiri
|One hundred and two
|-
|Zananenhatu
|One hundred and three
|-
|Zananena
|One hundred and four
|-
|Zananeshanu
|One hundred and five
|-
|Zananenhanhatu
|One hundred and six
|-
|Zananenomwe
|One hundred and seven
|-
|Zananesere
|One hundred and eight
|-
|Zananepfumbamwe
|One hundred and nine
|-
!110s
!
! rowspan="84" |Remembering the "Tens" in this lesson, we utilise:
"hundred",

"and ten"

as well as

"and x amount of tens"

Similar to tens all hundreds utilise "zana",

be it "zana ne-"(hundred and-)

or "mazanama-" (x amount of hundred)

for example, "one hundred" = zana

if we add "nesere"

it become "zana nesere" which is "a hundred and eight"

100 + 8 = 108

another example, "one hundred twenty and five"

= zana nemakumimaviri-neshanu

which is "hundred and two sets of tens and five"

which is

100 + (2 x10) + 5 = 100 + 20 + 5 = 125

When creating hundreds, we are essentially repeating the tens and simply adding the prefix "ne-"

zana nemakumimapfumbmwe-nerimwe

("hundred + nine sets of tens + one")

one hundred and ninety-one

= 191

<nowiki>|</nowiki>

This very pattern is used even as we get into higher hundreds,

such as 200s, 300s, 400s, 500s, 600s, 700s, 800s and 900s.

using the same numbers as above,

three hundred = mazanamatatu

which is "three sets of hundreds"

[3x100 = 300] or [100 + 100 + 100 = 300]

if we add, "nesere" (and eight)

+ 8

it becomes "three sets of hundreds and three"

[(3 x 100) + 8 = 308] or [100 + 100 + 100 + 8 = 108]

mazanamatatu nesere

another example,

if we have "mazanamatatu nemakumimaviri neshanu"

"three sets of hundreds and two sets of ten and five"

(3 x100) + (2x10) + 5 = 300 + 20 + 5 = 325

or

(100 + 100 + 100) + (10 + 10) + 5 =

The same is done for numbers that follow.
|-
|Zananegumi
|One hundred and ten
|-
|Zana-neguminerimwe
|One hundred and eleven
|-
|Zana-neguminembiri
|One hundred and twelve
|-
|Zana-neguminenhatu
|One hundred and thirteen
|-
!120s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimaviri
|One hundred and twenty
|-
|Zana nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|One hundred and twenty-one
|-
!130s
!Similar to 120s.
|-
|Zana nemakumimatatu
|One hundred and thirty
|-
|Zana nemakumimatatu-nerimwe
|One hundred and thirty-one
|-
!140s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimana
|One hundred and forty
|-
|Zana nemakumimana-nerimwe
|One hundred and forty-one
|-
!150s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimashanu
|One hundred and fifty
|-
|Zana nemakumimashanu-nerimwe
|One hundred and fifty-one
|-
!160s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimatanhatu
|One hundred and sixty
|-
|Zana nemakumimatanhatu-nerimwe
|One hundred and sixty-one
|-
!170s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimanomwe
|One hundred seventy
|-
|Zana nemakumimanomwe-nerimwe
|One hundred and seventy-one
|-
!180s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimasere
|One hundred and eighty
|-
|Zana nemakumimasere-nerimwe
|One hundred and eight-one
|-
!190s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimapfumbamwe
|One hundred and ninety
|-
|Zana nemakumimapfumbamwe-nerimwe
|One hundred and ninety-one
|-
!
!
|-
|Mazanamaviri / Mazanamairi
|Two hundred
|-
|Mazanamaviri-nerimwe
|Two hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamaviri-negumi
|Two hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamaviri-neguminerimwe
|Two hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamaviri nemakumimaviri
|Two hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamaviri nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Two hundred and twenty-one
|-
!300s
!
|-
|Mazanamatatu
|Three hundred
|-
|Mazanamatatu-nerimwe
|Three hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamatatu-negumi
|Three hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamatatu-neguminerimwe
|Three hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamatatu-nemakumimaviri
|Three hundred and Twenty
|-
|Mazanamatatu nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Three hundred and Twenty-one
|-
!400s
!
|-
|Mazanamana
|Four hundred
|-
|Mazanamana-nerimwe
|Four hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamana-negumi
|Four hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamana-neguminerimwe
|Four hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamana nemakumimaviri
|Four hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamana nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Four hundred and twenty-one
|-
!500s
!
|-
|Mazanamashanu
|Five hundred
|-
|Mazanamashanu negumi
|Five hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamashanu neguminerimwe
|Five hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamashanu nemakumimaviri
|Five hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamashanu nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Five hundred and twenty-one
|-
!600s
!
|-
|Mazanamanhanhatu
|Six hundred
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu nerimwe
|Six hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu negumi
|Six hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu neguminerimwe
|Six hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu makumimaviri
|Six hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Six hundred and twenty-one
|-
!700s
!
|-
|Mazanamanomwe
|Seven hundred
|-
|Mazanamanomwe nerimwe
|Seven hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamanomwe negumi
|Seven hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamanomwe neguminerimwe
|Seven hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamanomwe nemakumimaviri
|Seven hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamanomwe nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Seven hundred and twenty-one
|-
!800s
!
|-
|Mazanamasere
|Eight hundred
|-
|Mazanamasere nerimwe
|Eight hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamasere negumi
|Eight hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamasere neguminerimwe
|Eight hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamasere nemakumimamviri
|Eight hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamasere nemakumimaviri nerimwe
|Eight hundred and twenty-one
|-
!900s
!
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe
|Nine hundred
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe nerimwe
|Nine hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe negumi
|Nine hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe neguminerimwe
|Nine hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe nemakumimaviri
|Nine hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Nine hundred and twenty-one
|}

=== Thousands ===

==== "One" Thousands (1,000 - 9,000) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Numbers in Shona
!Translation in English
!
!
|-
|Chiuru / Churu
|Thousand; One thousand
|
|
|-
|Chiurunerimwe
|One thousand and one
|
|
|-
|Chiurunembiri
|One thousand and two
|
|
|-
|Chiurunenhatu
|One thousand and three
|
|
|-
|Chiurunena
|One thousand and four
|
|
|-
|Chiuruneshanu
|One thousand and five
|
|
|-
|Chiurunenhanhatu
|One thousand and six
|
|
|-
|Chiurunenomwe
|One thousand and seven
|
|
|-
|Chiurunesere
|One thousand and eight
|
|
|-
|Chiurunepfumbamwe
|One thousand and nine
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Chiuru-neguminerimwe
|One thousand and eleven
|
|
|-
|Chiuru-neguminembiri
|One thousand and twelve
|
|
|-
|Chiuru-neguminenhatu
|One thousand and thirteen
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Zvuruzviviri
|Two thousand
|"two sets of thousands"
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nerimwe
|Two thousand and one
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri negumi
|Two thousand and ten
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri neguminerimwe
|Two thousand and eleven
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemakumimaviri
|Two thousand and twenty
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Two thousand and twenty-one
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana
|Two thousand and one hundred
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana nerimwe
|Two thousand one hundred and one
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana negumi
|Two thousand one hundred and ten
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana neguminerimwe
|Two thousand one hundred and eleven
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri
|Two thousand two hundred
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri-nerimwe
|Two thousand two hundred and one
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri negumi
|Two thousand two hundred and ten
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri neguminerimwe
|Two thousand two hundred and eleven
|
|
|-
|Zvuru zviviri nemazanamaviri nemakumimaviri
|Two thousand two hundred and twenty
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Two thousand two hundred and twenty-one
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|
|
|
|
|}

==Videos==

===Shona Months, Days of the week & Numbers || Reading and ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUp7NdQ0g8o</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members

2024-06-24T13:14:44Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Next Lesson — Describing Relationships ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Family and Relationships → Family Members</div>

__TOC__

==Introduction==

Welcome to the family members lesson in our Complete 0 to A1 Shona Course! In this lesson, we will learn the Shona words for various family members and how to talk about your family.

Family is an important part of Shona culture, and there are many specific terms for different family members. Understanding these terms will help you communicate more effectively with native Shona speakers and gain insights into the culture.

Let's get started!

After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]].
==Shona Vocabulary - Family Members==

Here are the most common words for family members in Shona:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Note: '''Ɀ ɀ [commonly "-zv"], Ȿ ȿ [ commonly "-sv"] are whistled sibilants, videos may be necessary for proper pronunciations)'''
Note: ɗ [commonly "d" (NOT dh)], is soft-click, videos may also be necessary for proper pronunciations)

Note: '''Ɓ''' '''ɓ [commonly "b"], is an implosive "popping" letter, videos may be necessary for proper pronunciations)'''
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
!
|-
! colspan="4" |General terms
|-
|Mhuri
|mm-hoo-ree
|family
|
|-
|Hama
|ha-ma
|relatives
|
|-
|Dzinza
|dzee-nza
|bloodline, line of descent
|
|-
|Tateguru
|ta-te-goo-roo
|male ancestor
|''tate'' means father in Shona
|-
|Teteguru
|te-te-goo-roo
|female ancestor
|''tete'' means aunt in Shona
|-
|Sekuru; Tatemukuru
|se-koo-roo
|grandfather
|
|-
|Ambuya; Gogo
|ah-mm-boo-ya; go-go
|grandmother
|
|-
|Sekurwana
|se-koo-rua-na
|uncle older than yourself
|
|-
|Mukororo
|moo-ko-ro-ro
|son
|
|-
|Murumbwana
|moo-room-bua-na
|son; a boy whom a woman breastfed
|
|-
|Mwanakomana
|moo-ah-na-ko-ma-na
|baby boy
|term of endearment by parent
|-
|Mukunda
|moo-koon-da
|daughter
|
|-
|Mwanasikana
|moo-ah-na-see-ka-na
|baby girl
|term of endearment by parent
|-
|Muzukuru
|moo-zoo-koo-roo
|nephew; neice
|
|-
|Hanzvadzi
|ha-nɀa-dzee ('''WHISTLED''')
|sibling(s)
|
|-
|Hanzvadzisikana
(''also'' hanzvadzikadzi)
|ha-nɀa-dzee-see-ka-na
(ha-nɀa-dzee-ka-dzee)
|female sibling(s); sister
|
|-
|Taita (''also'' sisi)
|Ta-ee-ta (see-see)
|sister (of any age)
|
|-
|Wakoma (''also'' Makoma)
|wa-k-ma (ma-ko-ma)
|older sister
|
|-
|Murongoti
|moo-ron-go-tee
|sister (as referred by brother)
|very old Shona.
|-
|Hanzvadzidoko
|ha-nɀa-dzee-ɗo-ko ('''SOFT CLICK''')
|younger sibling(s)
|
|-
|Munin'ina
|moo-neeng-ee-na
|younger sibling of the same sex
|a girl would call her younger sister munin'ina
but, a guy would call his younger brother munin'ina
|-
|Munun'una
|moo-noong'''-'''oo-na
|younger sibling of the opposite sex
|a girl would call her younger brother munun'una
but, a guy would call his younger sister munun'una
|-
|Hanzvadzikomana
(''also'' hanzvadzirume)
|
|male sibling; brother
|
|-
|Mukoma (''also'' bhudhi)
|moo-ko-ma, (boo-dee)
|older brother
|
|-
|Mwana
|moo-ah-na
|child
|also note, that the children of one's aunt are your children
|-
|Kazi
|ka-zee; ma-koo-roo
|cousin (from English)
|Shona does not do cousins, but these term can be used.
|-
! colspan="4" |Paternal family
|-
|Baba (''also'' Bambo, Tate)
|
|father
|
|-
|Bambo
|
|uncles, in general
|it means "fathers"
father's brothers are also your father
|-
|Babamukuru (Ba'mkuru)
|
|older brother of one's father
|meaning "older father"
|-
|Babamunini (Ba'munini)
(''also'' babamudiki)
|
|younger brother of one's father
|meaning "younger father"
|-
|Tete

* babakadzi; bambomukunda
* sangadzi, samukadzi)
|
|aunt; your father's sisters
"female father"
|father's sisters have a strong role in Shona families
''Sa-'' is a prefix for men

* (whereas ''Nya-'' is usually used for women)
|-
|Wamai, Wamae
|
|the female child of your mother's brother
|
|-
! colspan="4" |Maternal family
|-
|Amai
|
|mother
|
|-
|Maiguru
|
|older sister of mother
|meaning "older mum"
|-
|Mainini
|
|younger sister of mother
|meaning "younger mum"
|-
|Mairume (Sekuru ''or'' Samukuru
|
|mother's brothers
|mairume - is male mother
why ''sekuru''? this is because children of the mother belong to the father's side

* by using "sekuru" for mother's brother it puts that blood distance
|-
|Bwanamai or Bganamai
|
|cousins whose mothers are sisters
|
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| baba || bah-bah || father
|-
| amai || ah-mah-ee || mother
|-
| mwana || m-wah-nah || child
|-
| mwana wamai || m-wah-nah wah-mah-ee || mother's child
|-
| mwana wababa || m-wah-nah wah-bah-bah || father's child
|-
| Tsano || ts-a-no || brother-in-law or sister-in-law
|-
| mwana || m-wah-nah|| grandchild
|-
| sekuru || seh-koo-roo || grandfather
|-
| Mbuya || m-b-u-ya || grandmother
|-
| mukwasha || mook-wah-shah || son-in-law (husband of daughter)
|-
| munyai || moo-nye-eye || marriage negotiator
|-

==Talking About Family in Shona==

Now that we know the words for different family members, let's learn how to use them in sentences.

===Introducing Your Family===

Here's an example conversation:

Shona: Ndini Tinashe. Zita ravakadzi rangu Anesu, zita ra baba vangu Gift, nezita raamai vangu Nomatter.
English: I am Tinashe. My daughter's name is Anesu, my father's name is Gift, and my mother's name is Nomatter.

Some other helpful phrases for introducing your family:

* Ini ndiri mwana weGift. (I am Gift's child.)
* Imai yangu vanonzi Nomatter. (My mother's name is Nomatter.)
* Baba vangu vanonzi Tapiwa. (My father's name is Tapiwa.)

===Asking About Someone's Family===

If you want to ask someone about their family, you can use the following questions:

* Vana vako vari kune? (Do you have children?)
* Vana vako vanoshanda here? (Do your children work?)
* Unonzwa Here nevana vako? (How are your children?)

==Cultural Insights==

Family is an incredibly important part of Shona culture, and the family unit extends beyond immediate family members. Extended family, including aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents, are considered just as important as immediate family.

When a Shona person greets someone, it is common to ask about their family as a way of showing interest and concern. Being part of a family is seen as a source of pride, support, and identity. It is also traditional for younger family members to show respect to their elders by using specific titles such as amai (mother) and sekuru (grandfather).

==Conclusion==

In this lesson, we learned the Shona words for different family members and how to talk about your family. Through understanding these words and phrases, we can gain valuable insights into Shona culture and communicate more effectively with native speakers. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to talk about your family in Shona with ease!

With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]].
{{#seo:
|title=Shona Vocabulary → Family and Relationships → Family Members
|keywords=Shona, Shona vocabulary, family members in Shona, introducing family in Shona, talking about family in Shona, Shona culture
|description=Learn the Shona words for various family members and how to talk about your family in this Shona vocabulary lesson. Gain insights into Shona culture and communicate more effectively with native speakers.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Videos==

===Ep5 || How to read and speak Shona for kids|| Family members ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTOaLKFr2ZM</youtube>

===8 IMPORTANT SHONA FAMILY WORDS YOU SHOULD KNOW ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsqaoZr4FfY</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|Telling Time]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Modes of Transportation]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50811721-my-family-in-shona My Family in Shona: Translate Shona-English by Kasahorow ...]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Family-Shona-Translate-Shona-English-kasahorow/dp/1076300316 My Family in Shona: Translate Shona-English (Shona kasahorow ...]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/family-in-shona/ Family in Shona – Resources for Self-Instructional Learners of Less ...]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Next Lesson — Describing Relationships ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Geography

2024-06-13T12:12:55Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">Shona Vocabulary - Geography</div>

Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] learners! 😊 
In this lesson, we will learn Shona vocabulary related to geography. Understanding geography is crucial to understanding the world we live in. It helps us learn about other countries and cultures, and appreciate the natural beauty of our planet. Let's get started!

__TOC__

With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|Telling Time]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]].
== Basic Geography Vocabulary ==

Let's start with some basic vocabulary that you will need to know when learning about geography.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|tarachisi, taranyika
|
|geography
|-
| nyika || || country
|-
|ziwumbe
|
|continent
|-
| unda, ndau || || land
|-
|nzvimbo
|
|area, place
|-
|chisi
|
|region
|-
|teritori
|
|territory
|-
|pasi
|
|ground
|-
|pasirose
|
|world
|-
|rinopasi
|
|earth
|-
|gurunyika
|
|mainland
|-
|chitsuwa
|
|island
|-
|gungwa
|
|ocean
|-
|bhahari
|
|sea
|-
|nyanza
|
|lake
|-
|rwizi
|
|river
|-
| denga || de.ŋɡa || sky
|-
| gomo || || mountain
|-
|mhotedzero
|
|environment
|}

== Continents and Vocabulary ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!Translation
!English
|-
|Afurika
|
|Africa
|-
|Ezhiya, Ezha
|
|Asia
|-
|Yuropu
|
|Europe
|-
|Hoshina
|
|Oceania
|-
|Anthakitika
|
|Antarctica
|-
|Amerika Maodzanyemba
|
|North America
|-
|Amerika Chamhembe
|
|South America
|}

== Countries and Vocabulary ==

=== African countries ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
!
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|Afurika Chamhembe
|
|South Africa
!
|Moritani
|
|Mauritania
|-
|Anghola
|
|Angola
!
|Moroko
|
|Morroco
|-
|Arujeriya, Rujazaire
|
|Algeria
!
|Naijeriya
|
|Nigeria
|-
|Bhenini
|
|Benin
!
|Namibhiya
|
|Namibia
|-
|Bhurukina Faso
|
|Burkina Faso
!
|Nayizhe
|
|Niger
|-
|Chadhi
|
|Chad
!
|Ribheriya
|
|Liberia
|-
|Eriteriya
|
|Eritrea
!
|Ribhiya
|
|Libya
|-
|Eswatini
|
|Eswatini, Swaziland
!
|Rudhende rwe Afurika Yepakati
|
|Central African Republic
|-
|Gabhoni (VuGabhoni)
|
|Gabon
!
|Rudhende rwe Vukongo
(Bhurazakongo)
|
|Republic of the Congo
(Congo-Brazzaville)
|-
|Gambia (VoGambia)
|
|The Gambia
!
|Rwanda
|
|Rwanda
|-
|Ghana
|
|Ghana
!
|Sao Tome ne Purinzipe
|
|Sao Tome and Principe
|-
|Ghini
|
|Guinea
!
|Senegari
|
|Senegal
|-
|Ghini-Visawu
|
|Guinea-Bissau
!
|Seyisheri
|
|Seychelles
|-
|Ghini-Yomutsazanisi
|
|Equatorial Guinea
!
|Siera-Leyoni
|
|Sierra-Leon
|-
|Ijipita, Gipita
|
|Egypt
!
|Somariya
|
|Somalia
|-
|Itopiya
|
|Ethiopia
!
|Sudhani
|
|Sudan
|-
|Jibhuti
|
|Djibouti
!
|Sudhani Chamhembe
|
|South Sudan
|-
|Kabho Vherite
|
|Cape Verde
!
|Tanzania
|
|Tanzania
|-
|Kameruni
|
|Cameroon
!
|Togo
|
|Togo
|-
|Kenya
|
|Kenya
!
|Tunisia
|
|Tunisia
|-
|Komori
|
|Comoros
!
|Utemabanze we Rudhende rwe Vukongo
(Kinshakongo)
|
|Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
|-
|Kote Dhi Vhwa
|
|Cote d'Ivoire
!
|Vuganda
|
|Uganda
|-
|Maari (VoMaari)
|
|Mali
!
|Vurundi
|
|Burundi
|-
|Marawi, Malawi
|
|Malawi
!
|Vusutu
|
|Lesotho
|-
|Matagadzikwa
|
|Madagascar
!
|Vutswana
|
|Botswana
|-
|Mazambuko
|
|Mozambique
!
|Zambia
|
|Zambia
|-
|Morishasi
|
|Mauritius
!
|Zimbabwe
|
|Zimbabwe
|}

=== Asian Countries ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
! rowspan="15" |
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|Afughanistani
|
|Afghanistan
|Mongoriya
|
|Mongolia
|-
|Arumeniya
|
|Amernia
|Neparu
|
|Nepal
|-
|Azeribhaijani
|
|Azerbaijan
|Omani
|
|Oman
|-
|Bhahareyini
|
|Bahrein
|Pakistani
|
|Pakistan
|-
|Bhangaladheshi
|
|Bangladesh
|Kataa
|
|Qatar
|-
|Bhurunei
|
|Brunei
|Raosi
|
|Laos
|-
|Bhutani
|
|Butan
|Rebhanoni
|
|Lebanon
|-
|Chayina
|
|China
|Rhashiya
|
|Russia
|-
|India
|
|India
|Shipurasi
|
|Cyprus
|-
|Indonezha
|
|Indonesia
|Saudhi Arabhiya
|
|Saudi Arabia
|-
|Irani
|
|Iran
|Sin'apowo
|
|Singapore
|-
|Iraki
|
|Iraq
|Siri Lankha
|
|Sri Lanka
|-
|Isiraeri
|
|Israel
|Siriya
|
|Syria
|-
|Istimuri
|
|East Timor
|Tajikistani
|
|Tajikistan
|-
|Japani
|
|Japan
!
|Turukiya
|
|Türkiye
|-
|Jojiya
|
|Georgia
!
|Turukimenistani
|
|Turkmenistan
|-
|Jorodhani
|
|Jordan
!
|Mubatanidzwa weMaamire eUarabhu
|
|United Arab Emirates
|-
|Kambodhiya
|
|Cambodia
!
|Uzubhekistani
|
|Uzbekistan
|-
|Kazakhastani
|
|Kazakhstan
!
|Vhiyetinamu
|
|Vietnam
|-
|Kerigistani
|
|Kyrgyzstan
!
|Vufiripina
|
|Philippines
|-
|Koriya Chamhembe
|
|South Korea
!
|Vumalayi
|
|Malaysia
|-
|Koriya Maodzanyemba
|
|North Korea
!
|Vuthayi
|
|Thailand
|-
|Kuwayiti
|
|Kuwait
!
|Yemeni
|
|Yemen
|-
|Miyanima
|
|Mynmar
!
|Morudhivhi
|
|Maldives
|}

=== Some European Countries ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
! rowspan="17" |
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|Andora
|
|Andorra
|Monako
|
|Monaco
|-
|Arubhaniya
|
|Albania
|Monthenegiro
|
|Montenegro
|-
|Bherarusi
|
|Belarus
|Morudhvha
|
|Moldova
|-
|Bherujyamu
|
|Belgium
|Noruweyi
|
|Norway
|-
|Bhoziniya ne Herizegovhina
|
|Bosnia and Herzegovina
|Ostiriya, Awustiriya
|
|Austria
|-
|Bhuritani
|
|United Kingdom
|Polandi
|
|Poland
|-
|Bhurugariya
|
|Bulgaria
|Putugaro
|
|Portugal
|-
|Cheki
|
|Czechia
|Rakisombhegi
|
|Luxemburg
|-
|Dhanemaki
|
|Denmark
|Rativhiya
|
|Latvia
|-
|Estonia
|
|Estonia
|Rishenistayini
|
|Liechtenstein
|-
|Furanzi
|
|France
|Ritwaniya
|
|Lithuania
|-
|Holandi
|
|Netherlands
|Rhomaniya
|
|Romania
|-
|Hlovhakiya
|
|Slovakia
|Serubhiya
|
|Serbia
|-
|Hlovheniya
|
|Slovenia
|Speini
|
|Spain
|-
|Hungariya
|
|Hungary
|Vufini
|
|Finland
|-
|Itari
|
|Italy
|Vugiriki
|
|Greece
|-
|Jerumani
|
|Germany
!
|Vusvwisi
|
|Switzerland
|-
|Kurohesha
|
|Croatia
!
|Yerelendi
|
|Ireland
|-
|Maruta
|
|Malta
!
|Yisirandi
|
|Iceland
|}

=== Some countries in Oceania ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|Fiji
|
|Fiji
|-
|Kiribhati
|
|Kiribati
|-
|Mikoronesi
|
|Micronesia
|-
|Nauru
|
|Nauru
|-
|Nyuzilandi, Aotearoa
|
|New Zealand
|-
|Ostireriya, Awustireriya
|
|Australia
|-
|Palawu
|
|Palau
|-
|Papwa Ghini-Dzva
|
|Papua New Guinea
|-
|Samoa
|
|Samoa
|-
|Tonga
|
|Tonga
|-
|Tuvhalu
|
|Tuvalu
|-
|Vhanuatu
|
|Vanuatu
|-
|Zvitsuwa zva Soromoni
(Dzisoromoni)
|
|Soloman Islands
|-
|Zvitsuwa zva Marishori
(Dzimarishori)
|
|Marshall Islands
|}

=== Some North American Countries ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
! rowspan="12" |
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|Andigwa ne Bharibhudha
|
|Antigua and Barbuda
|Kanadha
|
|Canada
|-
|Bharibhadhosi
|
|Barbados
|Mabhahama
|
|Bahamas
|-
|Bhelize
|
|Belize
|Mehiko
|
|Mexico
|-
|Dhominika
|
|Dominica
|Musande Kitsi ne Nevhisi
|
|Saint Kitts and Nevis
|-
|Eri Savhadho
|
|El Savador
|Musande Rukia
|
|Saint Lucia
|-
|Girenadha
|
|Grenada
|Musande Vhinzone ne Girenadhinezi
|
|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|-
|Gwatemala
|
|Guatemala
|Nikaragwa
|
|Nicaragua
|-
|Haiti
|
|Haiti
|Panama
|
|Panama
|-
|Hondurasi
|
|Honduras
|Rudhende rwe Dhominika
|
|Dominican Republic
|-
|Jamaika
|
|Jamaica
|Tirinidhadha ne Tobhago
|
|Trinidad and Tobago
|-
|Kuubha
|
|Cuba
|Amerika
|
|America
|}

=== Some South American countries ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|Aryendina
|
|Argentina
|-
|Bhorivhiya
|
|Bolivia
|-
|Bhuraziri
|
|Brazill
|-
|Chire
|
|Chile
|-
|Ekwadhoro
|
|Ecuador
|-
|Guyana
|
|Guyana
|-
|Kolombiya
|
|Colombia
|-
|Paragwayi
|
|Paraguay
|-
|Peru
|
|Peru
|-
|Suriname
|
|Suriname
|-
|Urugwayi
|
|Uruguay
|-
|Vhenezwela
|
|Venezuela
|}

=== Desert Vocabulary ===

Deserts are beautiful but inhospitable places that have fascinated people throughout history. Here is some Shona vocabulary to help you understand more about these fascinating places.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| gwenga || || desert
|-
| jecha || || sand
|-
| dundu || || dune
|-
| chinyuko || || oasis
|-
| uma || || mirage
|-
|mhari
|
|drought
|-
|piramidhi
|
|pyramid
|-
|sahara
|
|sahara
|}

Dialogue:

* Person 1: Urikuendepi? (Where are you going?)
* Person 2: Ndiri kuenda kuSahara. (I am going to the Sahara)
* Person 1: Urikuitei munzvimbo inopisa sokudaro? (What do you do in such a hot place?)
* Person 2: Ndauya kunoferefeta, asi ndicharamba ndakachenjera. (I came to explore, but I will remain cautious)

== Ocean and Sea Vocabulary ==

Oceans and seas cover over 70% of the Earth's surface and are essential for life on our planet. Here is some vocabulary to help you understand more about these vast bodies of water.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| gungwa || || ocean
|-
|bhahari
|
|sea
|-
| saisai || || wave
|-
| chitsuwa || || island
|-
|mugimbakirwa
|
|peninsula
|-
|gururundu, gurutsuwa
|
|archipelago
|-
|gahwi
|
|gulf
|-
|gawa
|
|inlet
|-
|muronga
|
|channel
|-
|bhayi
|
|bay
|-
|rumaniko
|
|strait
|-
|ghuva, ghua
|
|seafloor, seabed
|-
|gandwa
|
|lagoon
|-
|gombe
|
|shore, seashore
|}

Dialogue:

* Person 1: Urikuenda kuKariba pamupero wesvondo here? (Are you going to Kariba this weekend?)
* Person 2: Hongu, tirikuronga kurhenda bwato rekuenda pamwe newe nemwamuna wako. (Yes, we planned to rent a boat to ride with you and your husband)
* Person 1: Handisi kuona zvakadaro pano, hatingararame upenyu usina mwero ko. (I haven't seen such a thing here, we can't waste our lives there)
* Person 2: Ko zvekushamira mutabhi inodziya kumba? (But how about taking a swim in the hot tub at home?)

== Mountain Vocabulary ==

Mountains are some of the most majestic and awe-inspiring natural features on Earth. Here is some Shona vocabulary to help you understand more about these amazing formations.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| gomo || || mountain
|-
| dzimbahwe || || summit
|-
| chimwere || || cliff
|-
| mupata || || valley
|-
|hanu, haro
|
|mountain pass
|-
|jinga
|
|foot hill
|}

Dialogue:

* Person 1: Munotya ka kunana gungwa? (Aren't you scared of hiking?)
* Person 2: Handitombonzwawo krusade redukuri (I've never heard of anyone getting lost)
* Person 1: Asi mukasiya mafuta here? (But what if you run out of petrol?)
* Person 2: Handina kubikira kana kupfeka sando, ndoda pfungwa (I won't drive or wear sandals, I need to be cautious)

== Weather Vocabulary ==

Understanding the weather is important not just for its practical applications, but also for its impact on our daily lives. Here is some Shona vocabulary to help you understand more about the weather.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| hwewa, hwehwa || || weather
|-
| mvura || || rain
|-
| bvungapfunga || || fog
|-
| gore || || cloud
|}

Dialogue:

* Person 1: Zvichakurwadza here kuita vanhu pano pano? (Does the heat bother you while doing outdoor activities here?)
* Person 2: Handi, ndiri kupikirira pamwe napfuti (No, I'm thinking of swimming with an oasis)
* Person 1: Asi havadi here ndimi ne-zuva iyi? (But won't you be uncomfortable with the sun?)
* Person 2: Handidi kunyatsoitira, handikuzivikanwe chete (I won't overdo it, I'm not used to it)

== Conclusion ==

Well done! You now know some basic Shona Geography vocabulary. As always, the more you practice, the more you'll remember. Don't forget to use [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=111 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona/question questions]. You can also improve your Shona [[:Language/Shona|Vocabulary]] and other skills by visiting [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club], where you can find language exchange partners from all over the world. 

<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below. ➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Health|Health]].
{{#seo:
|title=Shona Vocabulary - Geography
|keywords=Shona geography vocabulary, desert vocabulary, ocean and sea vocabulary, mountain vocabulary, weather vocabulary
|description=This lesson teaches Shona vocabulary related to geography, including deserts, oceans and seas, mountains, and weather.
}}

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]


==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Geography Shona Vocabulary - Geography]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}

[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]
[[Category:Shona Lessons]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers

2024-06-03T16:42:02Z

Masiziva:

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers

2024-04-22T11:18:14Z

Masiziva:

== Numbers in Shona ==
'''This page is still under edit read with care.'''

On this page we will go over Shona numbers.

=== Numbers Vocabulary ===
Below is a list of some vocabulary that may be used in reference to numbers.
{| class="wikitable"
!Vocabulary in Shona
(Mazwi eChivanhu)
!Translation in English
(Uturikiso muChingezi)
!
|-
|Chiperengo; zviperengo
|Number; Numbers
|'''nhamba''' is also used, deriving from English.
|-
|Mperengo; miperengo; dziperengo
|Digit; Digits
|
|-
|Numeri; Manumeri
|Numeral; Numerals
|The biblical Book of Numbers is also called 'Numeri'.
|-
|Kurava
|To count; counting
|
|-
|Kuperenga
|To number; numbering
|
|-
|Kuverenga / Kuwerenga
|To read; reading
|
|-
|Mamotsi
|Ones
|
|-
|Machumi
|Tens
|
|-
|Mazana
|Hundrends
|
|-
|Machuru
|Thousands
|
|-
|Mamiriyoni
|Millions
|
|-
|Mabhiriyoni
|Billions
|
|}

=== Ones (0-9) ===
The following set of numbers is the basic foundation of Shona numerals, just as you find that in other languages in the world 0 to 9, or 1 to 9 are continuously repeated in one form or another, the same is true in the Shona language. The Shona language has no known native script, although there are projects to create one, it currently utilises Western scripts for writing, in particular the Latin Script, and the Roman numerals for number system. However, be mindful to remember that the use of roman numerals does not necessarily mean they are pronounced the same, they are very different.
{| class="wikitable"
!Numbers in English
(Zviperengo muChivanhu)
!
!Translation in English
(Uturikiso muChingezi)
!
|-
|Zanda
|Rushaiwe; Rupasina
|Zero
|Rushaiwe and Rupasina mean "without; not found"
Zanda means "Egg"; ''zai'' could also be used.
|-
|Poshi
|Imwe
|One
|Other variations include: motsi; moshi; mosi; modza; modzi; potsi; posi; bodzi; bodza
|-
|Piri
|Mbiri
|Two
|
|-
|Tatu
|Nhatu
|Three
|
|-
|Ina
|Na; Nna
|Four
|
|-
|Shanu
|
|Five
|
|-
|Tanhatu
|Nhanhatu
|Six
|
|-
|Nomwe
|
|Seven
|
|-
|Sere
|
|Eight
|
|-
|Pfumbamwe
|Pfemba
|Nine
|
|}

=== Tens (10-90) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Numbers in Shona
(Zviperengo muChivanhu)
!Translation in English
(Uturikiso muChingezi)
!Explanation
(Tsananguro)
|-
!10s
! colspan="2" |Ten and - (i.e. ten and two = twelve)
|-
|Gumi
|Ten
|
|-
|Guminerimwe
|Eleven
| rowspan="9" |"Gumi ne-" is essentially "ten and-"; it is equivalent to "-teen".
Ten and One = eleven

Ten and Two = twelve, and etcetera.
|-
|Guminembiri
|Twelve
|-
|Guminenhatu
|Thirteen
|-
|Guminena / Guminenna
|Fourteen
|-
|Gumineshanu
|Fifteen
|-
|Guminenhanhatu
|Sixteen
|-
|Guminenomwe
|Seventeen
|-
|Guminesere
|Eighteen
|-
|Guminepfumbamwe
|Nineteen
|-
!20s
! colspan="2" |<nowiki>(amount of) tens i.e. two tens = twenty | two tens and one = twenty-one</nowiki>
|-
|Makumimaviri / Makumimairi
|Twenty
|Variations: Makumimawiri; Makumimayiri
|-
|Makumimaviri-nerimwe
|Twenty-one
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nembiri
|Twenty-two
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-netatu
|Twenty-three
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nena
|Twenty-four
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-neshanu
|Twenty-five
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nenhanhatu
|Twenty-six
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nenomwe
|Twenty-seven
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nesere
|Twenty-eight
|
|-
|Makumimaviri-nepfumbamwe
|Twenty-nine
|
|-
!30s
!
! rowspan="21" |All other numbers follow a similar pattern to the above "20s" section.
The first sets have been exemplified in each section, to form other sets of tens, simply follow the system/pattern.

For example,

all "tens" utilise "gumi" which is "ten".

Be it "gumi ne-" = ("ten and")

or "makumima" = ("x amount of tens")

i.e. makumimaviri = twenty ("two tens")

{two times ten / [2x10 = 20] or two sets of ten [10 + 10 = 20]}

if we add "neshanu" = and/plus five

[+5)

it becomes "makumimaviri neshanu" which is "two tens and five"

equating to "twenty and five"

[(2x10) + 5 = 25] or [10 + 10 + 5 = 25]

The same logic is applied to the rest 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s

i.e.

"makumimanomwe" which is "seven tens" or "seventy"

and "neshanu" = seventy five

[7x10=70] / [10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 70]
|-
|Makumimatatu
|Thirty
|-
|Makumimatatu-nerimwe
|Thirty-one
|-
!40s
!
|-
|Makumimana
|Forty
|-
|Makumimana-nerimwe
|Forty-one
|-
!50s
!
|-
|Makumimashanu
|Fifty
|-
|Makumimashanu-nerimwe
|Fifty-one
|-
!60s
!
|-
|Makumimatanhatu
|Sixty
|-
|Makumimatanhatu-nerimwe
|Sixty-one
|-
!70s
!
|-
|Makumimanomwe
|Seventy
|-
|Makumimanomwe-nerimwe
|Seventy-one
|-
!80s
!
|-
|Makumimasere
|Eighty
|-
|Makumimasere-nerimwe
|Eighty-one
|-
!90s
!
|-
|Makumimapfumbamwe
|Ninety
|-
|Makumimapfumbamwe-nerimwe
|Ninety-one
|}

=== Hundreds (100-900) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Number in Shona
!English Translation
!Explanation
|-
! colspan="3" |Example: One hundred and "Ones"
|-
|Zana
|Hundred; One hundred
| rowspan="10" |
|-
|Zananerimwe
|One hundred
|-
|Zananembiri
|One hundred and two
|-
|Zananenhatu
|One hundred and three
|-
|Zananena
|One hundred and four
|-
|Zananeshanu
|One hundred and five
|-
|Zananenhanhatu
|One hundred and six
|-
|Zananenomwe
|One hundred and seven
|-
|Zananesere
|One hundred and eight
|-
|Zananepfumbamwe
|One hundred and nine
|-
!110s
!
! rowspan="84" |Remembering the "Tens" in this lesson, we utilise:
"hundred",

"and ten"

as well as

"and x amount of tens"

Similar to tens all hundreds utilise "zana",

be it "zana ne-"(hundred and-)

or "mazanama-" (x amount of hundred)

for example, "one hundred" = zana

if we add "nesere"

it become "zana nesere" which is "a hundred and eight"

100 + 8 = 108

another example, "one hundred twenty and five"

= zana nemakumimaviri-neshanu

which is "hundred and two sets of tens and five"

which is

100 + (2 x10) + 5 = 100 + 20 + 5 = 125

When creating hundreds, we are essentially repeating the tens and simply adding the prefix "ne-"

zana nemakumimapfumbmwe-nerimwe

("hundred + nine sets of tens + one")

one hundred and ninety-one

= 191

<nowiki>|</nowiki>

This very pattern is used even as we get into higher hundreds,

such as 200s, 300s, 400s, 500s, 600s, 700s, 800s and 900s.

using the same numbers as above,

three hundred = mazanamatatu

which is "three sets of tens"

[3x100 = 300] or [100 + 100 + 100 = 300]

if we add, "nesere" (and eight)

+ 8

it becomes "three sets of tens and three"

[(3 x 100) + 8 = 308] or [100 + 100 + 100 + 8 = 108]

mazanamatatu nesere

another example,

if we have "mazanamatatu nemakumimaviri neshanu"

"three sets of hundreds and two sets of ten and five"

(3 x100) + (2x10) + 5 = 300 + 20 + 5 = 325

or

(100 + 100 + 100) + (10 + 10) + 5 =

The same is done for numbers that follow.
|-
|Zananegumi
|One hundred and ten
|-
|Zana-neguminerimwe
|One hundred and eleven
|-
|Zana-neguminembiri
|One hundred and twelve
|-
|Zana-neguminenhatu
|One hundred and thirteen
|-
!120s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimaviri
|One hundred and twenty
|-
|Zana nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|One hundred and twenty-one
|-
!130s
!Similar to 120s.
|-
|Zana nemakumimatatu
|One hundred and thirty
|-
|Zana nemakumimatatu-nerimwe
|One hundred and thirty-one
|-
!140s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimana
|One hundred and forty
|-
|Zana nemakumimana-nerimwe
|One hundred and forty-one
|-
!150s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimashanu
|One hundred and fifty
|-
|Zana nemakumimashanu-nerimwe
|One hundred and fifty-one
|-
!160s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimatanhatu
|One hundred and sixty
|-
|Zana nemakumimatanhatu-nerimwe
|One hundred and sixty-one
|-
!170s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimanomwe
|One hundred seventy
|-
|Zana nemakumimanomwe-nerimwe
|One hundred and seventy-one
|-
!180s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimasere
|One hundred and eighty
|-
|Zana nemakumimasere-nerimwe
|One hundred and eight-one
|-
!190s
!
|-
|Zana nemakumimapfumbamwe
|One hundred and ninety
|-
|Zana nemakumimapfumbamwe-nerimwe
|One hundred and ninety-one
|-
!
!
|-
|Mazanamaviri / Mazanamairi
|Two hundred
|-
|Mazanamaviri-nerimwe
|Two hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamaviri-negumi
|Two hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamaviri-neguminerimwe
|Two hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamaviri nemakumimaviri
|Two hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamaviri nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Two hundred and twenty-one
|-
!300s
!
|-
|Mazanamatatu
|Three hundred
|-
|Mazanamatatu-nerimwe
|Three hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamatatu-negumi
|Three hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamatatu-neguminerimwe
|Three hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamatatu-nemakumimaviri
|Three hundred and Twenty
|-
|Mazanamatatu nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Three hundred and Twenty-one
|-
!400s
!
|-
|Mazanamana
|Four hundred
|-
|Mazanamana-nerimwe
|Four hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamana-negumi
|Four hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamana-neguminerimwe
|Four hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamana nemakumimaviri
|Four hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamana nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Four hundred and twenty-one
|-
!500s
!
|-
|Mazanamashanu
|Five hundred
|-
|Mazanamashanu negumi
|Five hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamashanu neguminerimwe
|Five hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamashanu nemakumimaviri
|Five hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamashanu nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Five hundred and twenty-one
|-
!600s
!
|-
|Mazanamanhanhatu
|Six hundred
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu nerimwe
|Six hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu negumi
|Six hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu neguminerimwe
|Six hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu makumimaviri
|Six hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamatanhatu nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Six hundred and twenty-one
|-
!700s
!
|-
|Mazanamanomwe
|Seven hundred
|-
|Mazanamanomwe nerimwe
|Seven hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamanomwe negumi
|Seven hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamanomwe neguminerimwe
|Seven hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamanomwe nemakumimaviri
|Seven hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamanomwe nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Seven hundred and twenty-one
|-
!800s
!
|-
|Mazanamasere
|Eight hundred
|-
|Mazanamasere nerimwe
|Eight hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamasere negumi
|Eight hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamasere neguminerimwe
|Eight hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamasere nemakumimamviri
|Eight hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamasere nemakumimaviri nerimwe
|Eight hundred and twenty-one
|-
!900s
!
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe
|Nine hundred
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe nerimwe
|Nine hundred and one
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe negumi
|Nine hundred and ten
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe neguminerimwe
|Nine hundred and eleven
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe nemakumimaviri
|Nine hundred and twenty
|-
|Mazanamapfumbamwe nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Nine hundred and twenty-one
|}

=== Thousands ===

==== "One" Thousands (1,000 - 9,000) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Numbers in Shona
!Translation in English
!
!
|-
|Chiuru / Churu
|Thousand; One thousand
|
|
|-
|Chiurunerimwe
|One thousand and one
|
|
|-
|Chiurunembiri
|One thousand and two
|
|
|-
|Chiurunenhatu
|One thousand and three
|
|
|-
|Chiurunena
|One thousand and four
|
|
|-
|Chiuruneshanu
|One thousand and five
|
|
|-
|Chiurunenhanhatu
|One thousand and six
|
|
|-
|Chiurunenomwe
|One thousand and seven
|
|
|-
|Chiurunesere
|One thousand and eight
|
|
|-
|Chiurunepfumbamwe
|One thousand and nine
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Chiuru-neguminerimwe
|One thousand and eleven
|
|
|-
|Chiuru-neguminembiri
|One thousand and twelve
|
|
|-
|Chiuru-neguminenhatu
|One thousand and thirteen
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Zvuruzviviri
|Two thousand
|"two sets of thousands"
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nerimwe
|Two thousand and one
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri negumi
|Two thousand and ten
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri neguminerimwe
|Two thousand and eleven
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemakumimaviri
|Two thousand and twenty
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Two thousand and twenty-one
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana
|Two thousand and one hundred
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana nerimwe
|Two thousand one hundred and one
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana negumi
|Two thousand one hundred and ten
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nezana neguminerimwe
|Two thousand one hundred and eleven
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri
|Two thousand two hundred
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri-nerimwe
|Two thousand two hundred and one
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri negumi
|Two thousand two hundred and ten
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri neguminerimwe
|Two thousand two hundred and eleven
|
|
|-
|Zvuru zviviri nemazanamaviri nemakumimaviri
|Two thousand two hundred and twenty
|
|
|-
|Zvuruzviviri nemazanamaviri nemakumimaviri-nerimwe
|Two thousand two hundred and twenty-one
|
|
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|
|
|
|
|}

==Videos==

===Shona Months, Days of the week & Numbers || Reading and ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUp7NdQ0g8o</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy

2024-03-01T04:32:41Z

Masiziva:

On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names.

In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people.

==Astronomy Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona word
!English Translation
!
|-
|Sainzi / Guruzivo
|Science
|Sainzi derives from English.
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.
|-
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo
|Pseudoscience
|
|-
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi
|Astronomy
|
|-
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi
|Astrology
|
|-
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga
|Cosmology
|
|-
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|Zuva
|Sun
|
|-
|Mwedzi
|Moon
|
|-
|Chamushana / chazuva
|Solar
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)
|-
|Mutandiro wemushana
|Solar System
|
|-
|Chamwedzi
|Lunar
|
|-
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi
|Star
|
|-
|Chanyedzi
|Stellar
|
|-
|Hudzitirwa
|Eclipse
|
|-
|Denga
|Sky
|
|-
|Chadenga
|Space, outer-space
|
|-
|Pasirose
|World
|
|-
|Chindeya
|Planet
|
|-
|Chindeyana
|Dwarf planet
|
|-
|Rudunhumwe
|Universe
|
|-
|Rhadenga
|Cosmos
|
|-
|Muzvcazi
|Galaxy
|
|-
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi
|The Milky Way Galaxy
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".
|-
|Unganyeredzi
|Constellation
|
|-
|Hatomu
|Atom
|
|-
|Mhodzigetsi
|Electron
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'
|-
|Dararabari / Darararito
|Proton
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"
Purutoni following English.
|-
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee
|Neutron
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'
Nyutironi following English.
|-
|Sebhe
|Matter
|
|-
|Gunganidzo
|Gravity
|Meaning "gathering"
|-
|Huremu / Ndemu
|Mass
|
|-
|Svosvobwauzuru
|Meteoroid
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'
|-
|Svosvobwa
|Meteor, shooting star
|Meaning 'shooting star'
|-
|Svosvobwaunda
|Meteorite
|Meaning 'land meteor'
|-
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)
|Asteroid
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'
|-
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)
|Comet
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.
|-
|Rifanadzvanyedzi
|Nova, Novae
|Meaning "like a new star"
|-
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi
|Supernova, Supernovae
|Meaning "bursting star"
|-
|Chamupfunga
|Nebula
|Meaning "vapour"
|-
|Gumbanyedzi
|Asterism
|Meaning "star group"
|-
|Sumbu renyeredzi
|Star cluster
|
|-
|Unye wegetsimagineti
|Electromagnetic radiation
|
|-
|Boterero
|Orbit
|
|-
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo
|Escape velocity
|
|-
|Sumbu rechembumbwa
|Globular cluster
|
|-
|Tsazavusiku
|Equinox
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku
|-
|Zuvaragodza
|Solstice
|
|-
|Nangazira
|Spectrum
|
|-
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara
|Small Magellanic Cloud
|
|-
|Maguta / Nyamaguta
|Large Magellanic Cloud
|
|-
| colspan="3" |
|-
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure
|Telescope
|
|-
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti
|Satellite
|
|-
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya
|Atmosphere
|
|}

==Planets in Shona==
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.

Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.

The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.

{| class="wikitable"
!Planets in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Nyamatsatse
|Mercury
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi.
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.
|-
|Hweva
|Venus
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.
|-
|Rinopasi
|Earth
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'
|-
|Murongazuva
|Mars
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'
|-
|Vhenekeratsvimborume
|Jupiter
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'
|-
|Chirema
|Saturn
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.
|-
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')
|Uranus
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'.
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.
|-
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi
|Neptune
|Proposed names.
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.

Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.

'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.
|-
| colspan="3" |
|}

=== Dwarf planets ===
Minor-planets, dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.
{| class="wikitable"
!Dwarf planets in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Njondi
|Pluto
|Proposed named.
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.
|-
|Chirisa
|Ceres
|Proposed name.
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'
|-
|Ẋaumeya
|Haumea
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names.
|-
|Makemake
|Makemake
|-
|Herisi
|Eris
|-
|Sanha
|90377 Sedna
|-
|Kwawari
|50000 Quaoar
|-
|Gon'on'u
|225088 Gongong
|-
|Shoromi
|90482 Orcus
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.
|-
|Chai
|120347 Salacia
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.
|}

==Stars in Shona==
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.
{| class="wikitable"
!Stars in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi
|Protostar
|Meaning literally "beginning star"
|-
|Riungunyedzi
|Blue Star
|
|-
|Nyedzana
|Dwarf star
|Meaning literally "baby star"
|-
|Nyedzana yehuroro
|Yellow Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana yeranjisi
|Orange Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana itsvuku
|Red Dwarf star
|
|-
|Zinyedzi iungu
|Blue Giant Star
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.
|-
|Zigurunyedzi riungu
|Blue Supergiant star
|Guru- means great.
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"
|-
|Zinyedzi itsvuku
|Red Giant star
|
|-
|Zigurunyedzi riungu
|Red Supergiant star
|
|-
|Nyedzana ichena
|White Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana itema
|Black Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana yembise
|Brown Dwarf star
|
|-
|Chibarinjeenyedzi
|Neutron star
|General spark star/neutral spark star
|-
|Chazvuvarima
|Black Hole
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'
|-
| -
|Pulsar
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.
|-
| -
|Quasar
|-
| -
|Blazar
|-
| -
|Magnetar
|-
| colspan="3" |
|-
|Zuva
|Sun
|Native name
|-
|Gwevamasiku
|Sirius
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.
|-
|Rinyanga
|Canopus
|native name, Horned star
|-
|Ndemara
|Fomalhaut
|native name
|-
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera
|Pleaides
|Native names.
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy

2024-03-01T04:31:35Z

Masiziva: Created page with "On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much..."

On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names.

In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people.

==Astronomy Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona word
!English Translation
!
|-
|Sainzi / Guruzivo
|Science
|Sainzi derives from English.
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.
|-
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo
|Pseudoscience
|
|-
|Upanganyeredzi
|Astronomy
|
|-
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi
|Astrology
|
|-
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenaarhadenga
|Cosmology
|
|-
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|Zuva
|Sun
|
|-
|Mwedzi
|Moon
|
|-
|Chamushana / chazuva
|Solar
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)
|-
|Mutandiro wemushana
|Solar System
|
|-
|Chamwedzi
|Lunar
|
|-
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi
|Star
|
|-
|Chanyedzi
|Stellar
|
|-
|Hudzitirwa
|Eclipse
|
|-
|Denga
|Sky
|
|-
|Chadenga
|Space, outer-space
|
|-
|Chazuru
|
|
|-
|Pasirose
|World
|
|-
|Chindeya
|Planet
|
|-
|Chindeyana
|Dwarf planet
|
|-
|Rudunhumwe
|Universe
|
|-
|Rhadenga
|Cosmos
|
|-
|Muzvcazi
|Galaxy
|
|-
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi
|The Milky Way Galaxy
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".
|-
|Unganyeredzi
|Constellation
|
|-
|Hatomu
|Atom
|
|-
|Mhodzigetsi
|Electron
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'
|-
|Dararabari / Darararito
|Proton
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"
Purutoni following English.
|-
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee
|Neutron
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'
Nyutironi following English.
|-
|Sebhe
|Matter
|
|-
|Gunganidzo
|Gravity
|Meaning "gathering"
|-
|Huremu / Ndemu
|Mass
|
|-
|Svosvobwauzuru
|Meteoroid
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'
|-
|Svosvobwa
|Meteor, shooting star
|Meaning 'shooting star'
|-
|Svosvobwaunda
|Meteorite
|Meaning 'land meteor'
|-
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)
|Asteroid
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'
|-
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)
|Comet
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.
|-
|Rifanadzvanyedzi
|Nova, Novae
|Meaning "like a new star"
|-
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi
|Supernova, Supernovae
|Meaning "bursting star"
|-
|Chamupfunga
|Nebula
|Meaning "vapour"
|-
|Gumbanyedzi
|Asterism
|Meaning "star group"
|-
|Sumbu renyeredzi
|Star cluster
|
|-
|Unye wegetsimagineti
|Electromagnetic radiation
|
|-
|Boterero
|Orbit
|
|-
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo
|Escape velocity
|
|-
|Sumbu rechembumbwa
|Globular cluster
|
|-
|Tsazavusiku
|Equinox
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku
|-
|Zuvaragodza
|Solstice
|
|-
|Nangazira
|Spectrum
|
|-
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara
|Small Magellanic Cloud
|
|-
|Maguta / Nyamaguta
|Large Magellanic Cloud
|
|-
| colspan="3" |
|-
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure
|Telescope
|
|-
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti
|Satellite
|
|-
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya
|Atmosphere
|
|}

==Planets in Shona==
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.

Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.

The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.

{| class="wikitable"
!Planets in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Nyamatsatse
|Mercury
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi.
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.
|-
|Hweva
|Venus
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.
|-
|Rinopasi
|Earth
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'
|-
|Murongazuva
|Mars
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'
|-
|Vhenekeratsvimborume
|Jupiter
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'
|-
|Chirema
|Saturn
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.
|-
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')
|Uranus
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'.
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.
|-
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi
|Neptune
|Proposed names.
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.

Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.

'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.
|-
| colspan="3" |
|}

=== Dwarf planets ===
Minor-planets, dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.
{| class="wikitable"
!Dwarf planets in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Njondi
|Pluto
|Proposed named.
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.
|-
|Chirisa
|Ceres
|Proposed name.
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'
|-
|Ẋaumeya
|Haumea
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names.
|-
|Makemake
|Makemake
|-
|Herisi
|Eris
|-
|Sanha
|90377 Sedna
|-
|Kwawari
|50000 Quaoar
|-
|Gon'on'u
|225088 Gongong
|-
|Shoromi
|90482 Orcus
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.
|-
|Chai
|120347 Salacia
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.
|}

==Stars in Shona==
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.
{| class="wikitable"
!Stars in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi
|Protostar
|Meaning literally "beginning star"
|-
|Riungunyedzi
|Blue Star
|
|-
|Nyedzana
|Dwarf star
|Meaning literally "baby star"
|-
|Nyedzana yehuroro
|Yellow Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana yeranjisi
|Orange Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana itsvuku
|Red Dwarf star
|
|-
|Zinyedzi iungu
|Blue Giant Star
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.
|-
|Zigurunyedzi riungu
|Blue Supergiant star
|Guru- means great.
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"
|-
|Zinyedzi itsvuku
|Red Giant star
|
|-
|Zigurunyedzi riungu
|Red Supergiant star
|
|-
|Nyedzana ichena
|White Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana itema
|Black Dwarf star
|
|-
|Nyedzana yembise
|Brown Dwarf star
|
|-
|Chibarinjeenyedzi
|Neutron star
|General spark star/neutral spark star
|-
|Chazvuvarima
|Black Hole
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'
|-
| -
|Pulsar
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.
|-
| -
|Quasar
|-
| -
|Blazar
|-
| -
|Magnetar
|-
| colspan="3" |
|-
|Zuva
|Sun
|Native name
|-
|Gwevamasiku
|Sirius
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.
|-
|Rinyanga
|Canopus
|native name, Horned star
|-
|Ndemara
|Fomalhaut
|native name
|-
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera
|Pleaides
|Native names.
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals

2024-02-24T06:19:45Z

Masiziva:

In this Lesson, we will learn about animal names in Shona.

== Animals in Shona ==
First, how do we say animal in Shona?

The answer is '''mhuka''' which is used for both the singular form (''animal'') and plural form (''animals''). Notice that it is written with an '''''h''''' after the '''''m''-''', this means it is aspirated.

Do not confused it for ''muka'', that is an entirely different word meaning "wake up".
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Animal in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Imbwa
|Dog
|
|-
|Gava
|Fox
|
|-
|Bungubwe / Mhungubwe
|Jackal
|
|-
|Bhumi
|Wolf
|
|-
|Bumhi / Mhumhi
|Wild dog
|Notice the use of B- as opposed to Bh-
|-
|Bere
|Hyena
|
|-
|Khoyoti
|Cayote
|
|-
|Mangoi / Mangowe
|Cat
|You may also hear people say '''katsi''<nowiki/>', which is borrowed from English.
Additionally, for ''mangoi'' you may see mangoyi, mangoye and mangove as spellings these are correct also.
|-
|Shumba
|Lion
|
|-
|Mbada / Khamba
|Leopard
|
|-
|Ẋambangwe / Khambangwe
|Panther
|
|-
|Ingwe
|Tiger
|
|-
|Dindingwe
|Cheetah
|
|-
|Twana / Twani
|Caracal
|
|-
|Nyarugwe
|Jaguar
|''Jagwa'' is also used.
|-
|Nzou / Zhou
|Elephant
|You may also see Nzovu, Nzowu or Zhovu, Zhowu as spellings these are also correct.
|-
|Mbizi
|Zebra
|
|-
|Bhiza
|Horse
|
|-
|Twiza / Furiramudenga
|Giraffe
|Fun fact: the name Furiramudenga literally means "the animal that gossips in the skies"
|-
|Chipembere
|Rhinoceros
|
|-
|Hungwe
|Fish eagle
|
|-
|Hove
|Fish
|
|-
|Shiri
|Bird
|
|-
|Bata
|Duck
|
|-
|Njiva
|Dove
|
|-
|Ngarikuni
|Turkey
|
|-
|Huku
|Chicken
|
|-
|Nguruve
|Pig
|
|-
|Nyoka
|Snake
|
|-
|Mvuu
|Hippopotamus
|
|-
|Pengwini
|Penguin
|
|-
|Gudo
|Baboon
|
|-
|Soko
|Monkey
|
|-
|Sokwe
|Chimpanzee
|
|-
|Nyani
|Ape
|
|-
|Dausi
|Peacock
|
|-
|Garwe
|Crocodile
|
|-
|Ngwena
|Alligator
|
|-
|Hondobwe
|Ram
|
|-
|Gwai / Hwai
|Sheep
|
|-
|Mhofu
|Eland
|
|-
|Mombe
|Cow
|
|-
|Rize / Nyavada / Nyaridi
|Scorpion
|
|-
|Haka
|Pangolin
|
|}

== Mystical Animals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!English
!
|-
|Joka / Zhoka
|Dragon
|This is more a serpentine dragon, long bodied dragons.
|-
|Rishesha / Risvcesha
|Pheonix
|Derives from sand; this is because of that debated verse in the Bible in Job where either a firebird or sand is said to be mentioned.
|-
|Nyangamwe
|Unircorn
|
|}

==Videos==

===Learn Farm Animals names in Shona | With animal sounds - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnguiR704jA</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals

2024-02-24T06:18:00Z

Masiziva:

In this Lesson, we will learn about animal names in Shona.

== Animals in Shona ==
First, how do we say animal in Shona?

The answer is '''mhuka''' which is used for both the singular form (''animal'') and plural form (''animals''). Notice that it is written with an '''''h''''' after the '''''m''-''', this means it is aspirated.

Do not confused it for ''muka'', that is an entirely different word meaning "wake up".
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Animal in Shona
!English Translation
!
|-
|Imbwa
|Dog
|
|-
|Gava
|Fox
|
|-
|Bungubwe / Mhungubwe
|Jackal
|
|-
|Bhumi
|Wolf
|
|-
|Bumhi / Mhumhi
|Wild dog
|Notice the use of B- as opposed to Bh-
|-
|Bere
|Hyena
|
|-
|Khoyoti
|Cayote
|
|-
|Mangoi / Mangowe
|Cat
|You may also hear people say '''katsi''<nowiki/>', which is borrowed from English.
Additionally, for ''mangoi'' you may see mangoyi, mangoye and mangove as spellings these are correct also.
|-
|Shumba
|Lion
|
|-
|Mbada / Khamba
|Leopard
|
|-
|Ingwe
|Tiger
|
|-
|Dindingwe
|Cheetah
|
|-
|Twana / Twani
|Caracal
|
|-
|Nyarugwe / Jagwa
|Jaguar
|
|-
|Nzou / Zhou
|Elephant
|You may also see Nzovu, Nzowu or Zhovu, Zhowu as spellings these are also correct.
|-
|Mbizi
|Zebra
|
|-
|Bhiza
|Horse
|
|-
|Twiza / Furiramudenga
|Giraffe
|Fun fact: the name Furiramudenga literally means "the animal that gossips in the skies"
|-
|Chipembere
|Rhinoceros
|
|-
|Hungwe
|Fish eagle
|
|-
|Hove
|Fish
|
|-
|Shiri
|Bird
|
|-
|Bata
|Duck
|
|-
|Njiva
|Dove
|
|-
|Ngarikuni
|Turkey
|
|-
|Huku
|Chicken
|
|-
|Nguruve
|Pig
|
|-
|Nyoka
|Snake
|
|-
|Mvuu
|Hippopotamus
|
|-
|Pengwini
|Penguin
|
|-
|Gudo
|Baboon
|
|-
|Soko
|Monkey
|
|-
|Sokwe
|Chimpanzee
|
|-
|Nyani
|Ape
|
|-
|Dausi
|Peacock
|
|-
|Garwe
|Crocodile
|
|-
|Ngwena
|Alligator
|
|-
|Hondobwe
|Ram
|
|-
|Gwai / Hwai
|Sheep
|
|-
|Mhofu
|Eland
|
|-
|Mombe
|Cow
|
|-
|Rize / Nyavada / Nyaridi
|Scorpion
|
|-
|Haka
|Pangolin
|
|}

== Mystical Animals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!English
!
|-
|Joka / Zhoka
|Dragon
|This is more a serpentine dragon, long bodied dragons.
|-
|Rishesha / Risvcesha
|Pheonix
|Derives from sand; this is because of that debated verse in the Bible in Job where either a firebird or sand is said to be mentioned.
|-
|Nyangamwe
|Unircorn
|
|}

==Videos==

===Learn Farm Animals names in Shona | With animal sounds - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnguiR704jA</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors

2024-02-24T05:24:25Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}

On this page we will go through the colours as acknowledged in the Shona language.

In Shona colours are seen in four different categories, '''mavara matema''' (dark colours i.e. blue, black), '''mavara matsvuku''' (warm colours i.e. red, orange), '''mavara machena''' (white colours i.e. white, yellow etc.) and '''mavara tsvuku''' again (bright colours i.e. purple, pink)

== Basic Colours ==
Let's begin with the basic and most commonly used colours first.
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Shona
|-
|Blue
|Ungu
|-
|Red
|Tsvuku
|-
|Orange
|Ranjisi / Raranji
|-
|Yellow
|Huroro
|-
|Brown
|Mbise / Svundu
|-
|Green
|Zerere
|-
|White
|Chena
|-
|Pink
|Kiwani
|-
|Purple
|Hute / (Khute, Ẋute)
|-
|Black
|Tema
|-
|Grey
|Pfumbu
|}

== Detailed List of Colours and Shades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!English
!Etymology
|-
|Ungu
|Blue
|
|-
|Ungwana
|Light blue
| -na is from Chena, unguchena; baby blue or young blue
|-
|Fifu
|Grey-blue
|
|-
|Dhimba
|Dark blue / Deep sea blue
|
|-
|Rindigo / Ndyigo
|Indigo
|from indigo
|-
|Safira / Safiri
|Sapphire blue
|
|-
|Getsiungu
|Electric blue
|
|-
|Zerere
|Green
|
|-
|Zererena
|Light green
|
|-
|Pfumvudza
|fern / muddy green
|
|-
|Puwa
|Chartreuse, yellow-green
|
|-
|Huroro (or '''Hẋuroro / Ẋuroro''')
|Yellow
|The '''hẋ- / ẋ-''' are pronounced similar to Scottish '''-ch''' in '''loch.'''
|-
|Ndarama / Goridhe
|Gold
|
|-
|Ruraza
|Pale yellow
|
|-
|Raranjiro
|Amber
|
|-
|Rushare
|Flaxen / Blonde yellow
|
|-
|Mbise
|Brown
|
|-
|Mbisana
|Light brown
|
|-
|Svundu
|Rufous brown
|
|-
|Tsvichiri
|Mahoganny; red-brown
|as the tree's name
|-
|Ndarira
|Bronze
|
|-
|Vunde
|Tan
|like sorghum, bvunde
|-
|Mdhaka
|Beige
|
|-
|Khakhi
|Kaki
|
|-
|Ranjisi / raranji
|Orange
|
|-
|Tsvuku
|Red
|
|-
|Vomvu
|Scarlet
|
|-
|Shava / Java
|Maroon
|
|-
|Rhanje
|Vermillion
|
|-
|Mbiringa
|Wine red
|
|-
|Sheri
|Cherry
|
|-
|Kiwani
|Pink
|as in chuma chekiwani meaning rose or pink colour beads
|-
|Hute (or '''Hẋute /''' '''Ẋute''')
|Purple
|as per the fruit
The '''hẋ-, ẋ-''' are pronounced similar to Scottish '''-ch''' in '''loch.'''
|-
|Gatawa
|Lilac
|as per the bird, the lilac-breasted bird
|-
|Tangeni
|Violet
|as per the violet tree Pfuvana, Mufufu, Mutangeni
|-
|Farata / Fandemengwe
|Lavender
|Mufarata, Mufandemengwe
|-
|Punje
|Amethyst
|as per the tree Mupunje, Mujumbe or Mushari
|-
|Pfumbu / Pfupfu
|Grey
|
|-
|Pfupfuma
|Dark-grey
|
|-
|Darejena
|Silver
|
|-
|Chena
|White
|
|-
|Jenero
|Cream
|
|}

== Colours and Meanings ==
We know there are certain colours that are associated with certain things, although this is not a largely practiced phenomenon in Shona culture there are certain colours that are associated with certain things.

* Chena (white) - the colour white is associated with cleanliness, spirituality, peace and tranquillity.
** It is used as ''Kuchena'' meaning to look good, clean or well put together.
** It is worn by Apostles for their church attendances, therefore it is a colour of spirituality, additionally ghosts are also viewed as white so it is associated with the otherworldly and death.
** ''Kucheneruka'' which means to turn white (negatively) as in to get dirty, this is because on dark skin if one's skin is white it is dirty, such as ''kuvaneshena''.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a sign of peacefulness.
** It is largely a colour of the seen and unseen, the far and near, duality. The moon in the sky, the spirit, peace, etcetera.
* Tema (black, dark) - is the colour strength, pride and identity
** It references the Dark skinned people of Africa and the Shona themselves, this colour refers to a shade as well not just black in the literal sense.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a colour representing solidness and identity.
* Zerere (green) - is the colour of nature, fertility and the physical world.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of the country's nature and wildlife.
** It is a colour of life, natural life.
* Tsvuku (red) - is the colour of blood, caution, negativity, death, conquering
** It too is found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of remembrance for the blood spelt by the heroes and civilians of the Zimbabwean nation during the wars and liberation Mwperiods.
* Huroro (yellow) - is the colour riches, wealth and vitality.
** It is found on the Zimbabwean flag symbolising the wealth of the country, its golds, diamonds, peoples and etcetera.
** It is a symbol of the sun, and is therefore a sign of vitality.
* Ungu (blue) - is a colour of balance directly in coalition with green.
** Symbolising the seas, waters, rains and etcetera it is a complement of the colour green of nature.
** You can find that in other Bantu languages the colours green and blue have similar names so the beliefs may be similar.
* Mbise (brown) - it is a colour of the solid earth, the ground, stability.
** It is like green and blue although secondary.

== Practice ==

=== Vocabulary ===
Kufarira (to like; liking)

Kusafarira (to dislike)

Handi- (I do not...)

Muvara, Ruvara (colour)

Mivara, Mavara (colours)

=== Sentences ===
Muvara waunofarira ndeupi? (Which colour do you like?)

Ndinofarira ungu. (I like blue.)

Pane muvara wausingafarire here? (Is there a colour you do not like?)

Handifarire muvara wekiwani. (I do not like pink).

Ndirikutsvaga Maria, akapfeka hembe dzehuroro. (I am looking for Maria, she is wearing yellow clothes.)

Uyo, ari apo uyo, padhuze nemukomana akapfeka zvitsvuku. (There she is, near the boy wearing red.)

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors

2024-02-24T05:20:18Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}

On this page we will go through the colours as acknowledged in the Shona language.

In Shona colours are seen in four different categories, '''mavara matema''' (dark colours i.e. blue, black), '''mavara matsvuku''' (warm colours i.e. red, orange), '''mavara machena''' (white colours i.e. white, yellow etc.) and '''mavara tsvuku''' again (bright colours i.e. purple, pink)

== Basic Colours ==
Let's begin with the basic and most commonly used colours first.
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Shona
|-
|Blue
|Ungu
|-
|Red
|Tsvuku
|-
|Orange
|Ranjisi / Raranji
|-
|Yellow
|Huroro
|-
|Brown
|Mbise / Svundu
|-
|Green
|Zerere
|-
|White
|Chena
|-
|Pink
|Kiwani
|-
|Purple
|Hute / (Khute, Ẋute)
|-
|Black
|Tema
|-
|Grey
|Pfumbu
|}

== Detailed List of Colours and Shades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!English
!Etymology
|-
|Ungu
|Blue
|
|-
|Ungwana
|Light blue
| -na is from Chena, unguchena; baby blue or young blue
|-
|Fifu
|Grey-blue
|
|-
|Dhimba
|Dark blue / Deep sea blue
|
|-
|Rindigo / Ndyigo
|Indigo
|from indigo
|-
|Safira / Safiri
|Sapphire blue
|
|-
|Getsiungu
|Electric blue
|
|-
|Zerere / Zherere
|Green
|
|-
|Zererena / Zhererena
|Light green
|
|-
|Pfumvudza
|fern / muddy green
|
|-
|Puwa
|Chartreuse, yellow-green
|
|-
|Huroro (or '''Hẋuroro / Ẋuroro''')
|Yellow
|The '''hẋ- / ẋ-''' are pronounced similar to Scottish '''-ch''' in '''loch.'''
|-
|Ndarama / Goridhe
|Gold
|
|-
|Ruraza
|Pale yellow
|
|-
|Raranjiro
|Amber
|
|-
|Rushare
|Flaxen / Blonde yellow
|
|-
|Mbise
|Brown
|
|-
|Mbisana
|Light brown
|
|-
|Svundu
|Brown
|
|-
|Tsvichiri
|Mahoganny; red-brown
|as the tree's name
|-
|Ndarira
|Bronze
|
|-
|Vunde
|Tan
|like sorghum, bvunde
|-
|Mdhaka
|Beige
|
|-
|Khakhi
|Kaki
|
|-
|Ranjisi / raranji
|Orange
|
|-
|Tsvuku
|Red
|
|-
|Vomvu
|Scarlet
|
|-
|Shava / Java
|Maroon
|
|-
|Rhanje
|Vermillion
|
|-
|Mbiringa
|Wine red
|
|-
|Sheri
|Cherry
|
|-
|Kiwani
|Pink
|as in chuma chekiwani meaning rose or pink colour beads
|-
|Hute (or '''Hẋute /''' '''Ẋute''')
|Purple
|as per the fruit
The '''hẋ-, ẋ-''' are pronounced similar to Scottish '''-ch''' in '''loch.'''
|-
|Gatawa
|Lilac
|as per the bird, the lilac-breasted bird
|-
|Tangeni
|Violet
|as per the violet tree Pfuvana, Mufufu, Mutangeni
|-
|Farata / Fandemengwe
|Lavender
|Mufarata, Mufandemengwe
|-
|Punje
|Amethyst
|as per the tree Mupunje, Mujumbe or Mushari
|-
|Pfumbu / Pfupfu
|Grey
|
|-
|Pfupfuma
|Dark-grey
|
|-
|Darejena
|Silver
|
|-
|Chena
|White
|
|-
|Jenero
|Cream
|
|}

== Colours and Meanings ==
We know there are certain colours that are associated with certain things, although this is not a largely practiced phenomenon in Shona culture there are certain colours that are associated with certain things.

* Chena (white) - the colour white is associated with cleanliness, spirituality, peace and tranquillity.
** It is used as ''Kuchena'' meaning to look good, clean or well put together.
** It is worn by Apostles for their church attendances, therefore it is a colour of spirituality, additionally ghosts are also viewed as white so it is associated with the otherworldly and death.
** ''Kucheneruka'' which means to turn white (negatively) as in to get dirty, this is because on dark skin if one's skin is white it is dirty, such as ''kuvaneshena''.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a sign of peacefulness.
** It is largely a colour of the seen and unseen, the far and near, duality. The moon in the sky, the spirit, peace, etcetera.
* Tema (black, dark) - is the colour strength, pride and identity
** It references the Dark skinned people of Africa and the Shona themselves, this colour refers to a shade as well not just black in the literal sense.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a colour representing solidness and identity.
* Zerere (green) - is the colour of nature, fertility and the physical world.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of the country's nature and wildlife.
** It is a colour of life, natural life.
* Tsvuku (red) - is the colour of blood, caution, negativity, death, conquering
** It too is found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of remembrance for the blood spelt by the heroes and civilians of the Zimbabwean nation during the wars and liberation Mwperiods.
* Huroro (yellow) - is the colour riches, wealth and vitality.
** It is found on the Zimbabwean flag symbolising the wealth of the country, its golds, diamonds, peoples and etcetera.
** It is a symbol of the sun, and is therefore a sign of vitality.
* Ungu (blue) - is a colour of balance directly in coalition with green.
** Symbolising the seas, waters, rains and etcetera it is a complement of the colour green of nature.
** You can find that in other Bantu languages the colours green and blue have similar names so the beliefs may be similar.
* Mbise (brown) - it is a colour of the solid earth, the ground, stability.
** It is like green and blue although secondary.

== Practice ==

=== Vocabulary ===
Kufarira (to like; liking)

Kusafarira (to dislike)

Handi- (I do not...)

Muvara, Ruvara (colour)

Mivara, Mavara (colours)

=== Sentences ===
Muvara waunofarira ndeupi? (Which colour do you like?)

Ndinofarira ungu. (I like blue.)

Pane muvara wausingafarire here? (Is there a colour you do not like?)

Handifarire muvara wekiwani. (I do not like pink).

Ndirikutsvaga Maria, akapfeka hembe dzehuroro. (I am looking for Maria, she is wearing yellow clothes.)

Uyo, ari apo uyo, padhuze nemukomana akapfeka zvitsvuku. (There she is, near the boy wearing red.)

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits

2024-02-11T05:14:47Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">Shona Vocabulary - Fruits</div>

Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] learners! 😊 In this lesson, we will learn about fruits. As you know, fruits are not only healthy but also delicious. Knowing the names of different fruits in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] can help you communicate better with locals and also make it easier to shop for fruits in Shona-speaking regions. Let's get started! 
__TOC__

Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Introducing Yourself]].
== Vocabulary ==

Below is a table with some common fruits in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona]:

First thing is first, how do we say "fruit" in Shona?

In Shona the word for fruit is Muchero, and fruits is Michero. This means the word is in the '''Mu-/Mi-''' noun class, likewise various trees will be in the same class, for example, the singular '''Mufigu''' (the wild banana tree) becomes the plural '''Mifigu''' (the wild banana trees). The fruit is '''Figu''' (wild banana) singular, and '''Mafigu''' (wild bananas) plural.

The following lesson will only focus on fruits in Shona and their English translations.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona (singular)
!Shona (plural)!! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Hobo (''or'' Hovo, Hovha)
|Mahobo (Mahovo, Mahovha)|| || Banana(s)
|-
|Figu
|Mafigu
|
|Wild banana(s)
|-
|Ranjisi / Raranji
|Maranjisi, Mararanji
|
|Orange(s)
|-
|Nachisi
|Manachisi
|
|Tangerine(s), Mandarine(s)
|-
|Pichisi
|Mapichisi
|
|Peach(es)
|-
|Manzana / Apuro
|Manzana / Maapuro|| || Apple(s),
|-
|Rimango
|Mango, Dzimango
|
|Mango(es)
|-
|Nanazi
|Mananazi, Zvinanazi
|
|Pineapple(s)
|-
|Vise / Mwiwa
|Mavise, Mwiwa
|
|Watermelon(s)
|-
|Sheri
|Masheri
|
|Cherry (cherries)
|-
|Bhirikoti
|Mabhirikoti
|
|Apricot(s)
|-
|Kuta
|Makuta
|
|Blueberry (blueberries)
|-
|Peya
|Mapeya
|
|Pear(s)
|-
|Svoveri / Svobheri
|Masvoveri, Masvobheri
|
|Strawberry (strawberries)
|-
|Ndimu
|~
|
|Lemon(s)
|-
|Dhimu
|Madhimu
|
|Lime(s)
|-
|Kotapeya
|Makotapeya
|
|Avocado(s)
|-
|Bopo
|Mapopo
|
|Papaya(s)
|-
|Gwavha (''or'' Gwadhlava, Gwadyava)
|Mwagwavha (Mwagwadhlava, Magwadyava)
|
|Guava(s)
|-
|Zambiringa
|Mazambiringa
|
|Grape(s)
|-
|Svazva
|Dzisvazva, Masvazva
|
|Plum(s)
|-
|Tsvanza / Nhengeni
|~
|
|Sourplum(s)
|-
|Nhunguru
|~
|
|Botaka plum(s), Ramontchi
|-
|Tsubvu
|~
|
|Chocolate berry (Vitex payos)
|-
|Sawu
|Masawu
|
|Jujube(s)
|-
|Pfura
|Mapfura
|
|Marula(s)
|-
|Nyii
|~
|
|Bird plum(s)
|-
|Damba
|Matamba
|
|Monkey orange(s)
|-
|Dohwe
|Matohwe
|
|Snot apple(s)
|-
|Tsvitsvirondo
|Matsvitsvirondo
|
|Kei apple(s)
|-
|Zhanje
|Mazhanje
|
|Wild loquat(s)
|-
|Uyu (''or'' Wuyu, Vuyu)
|Mauyu
|
|Baobab
|-
|Hute / Khute
|Mahute, Makhute
|
|Waterberry (waterberries)
|-
|Roro
|Maroro
|
|Wild custard apple(s)
|-
|Sika / Rusika
|Masika
|
|Tamarind(s)
|-
|Hacha
|Mahacha
|
|Mobola plum(s)
|-
|Kokonati / Nazi
|Makokonati, Manazi
|
|Coconut(s)
|-
|Onde (''or'' Vonde, Wonde)
|Maonde
|
|Fig(s)
|-
|Nzimbe
|~
|
|Sugarcane(s)
|-
|Mbingiri
|~
|
|Blackberry (blackberries)
|-
|Habhurosi
|Mahabhurosi
|
|Mulberry (mulberries)
|-
|Bhuratifuru
|Mabhuratifuru
|
|Grapefruit(s)
|}

== Dialogue ==

Here's a dialogue between two people buying fruits at a market:

* Person 1: Ndinodaka maranjasi. (I want oranges.)
* Person 2: Mirai, regai nditore bheke remaranjisi ne mabhuratifuru. (Wait, let me get a bag of oranges and a grapefruit.)
* Person 1: Zvakanakai. (Okay.)
* Person 2: Vatenegesi vemichero varipi? (Where are the sellers of fruits?)
* Person 1: Vese varikumberi.. (All of them are at the front.)

== Conclusion ==

Learning the names of fruits in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] is an essential part of language learning. You can impress locals with your knowledge, and also avoid confusion when buying or ordering fruits. Keep practicing and learning! 

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below. ➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits Shona Vocabulary - Fruits]
* [https://shona.english-dictionary.help/english-to-shona-meaning-fruit English to Shona Meaning of fruit - muchero]

Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Asking-for-Directions|Asking for Directions]].
{{#seo:
|title=Shona Vocabulary - Fruits
|keywords=Shona, vocabulary, fruits, language learning, Zimbabwe
|description=Learn the names of common fruits in Shona and some interesting facts about traditional fruits of Zimbabwe. Essential knowledge for language learners!
}}

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits

2024-02-10T15:40:00Z

Masiziva: Editing incorrect translations

{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">Shona Vocabulary - Fruits</div>

Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] learners! 😊 In this lesson, we will learn about fruits. As you know, fruits are not only healthy but also delicious. Knowing the names of different fruits in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] can help you communicate better with locals and also make it easier to shop for fruits in Shona-speaking regions. Let's get started! 
__TOC__

Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Introducing Yourself]].
== Vocabulary ==

Below is a table with some common fruits in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona]:

First thing is first, how do we say "fruit" in Shona?

In Shona the word for fruit is Muchero, and fruits is Michero. This means the word is in the '''Mu-/Mi-''' noun class, likewise various trees will be in the same class, for example, the singular '''Mufigu''' (the wild banana tree) becomes the plural '''Mifigu''' (the wild banana trees). The fruit is '''Figu''' (wild banana) singular, and '''Mafigu''' (wild bananas) plural.

The following lesson will only focus on fruits in Shona and their English translations.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona (singular)
!Shona (plural)!! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Hobo (''or'' Hovo, Hovha)
|Mahobo (Mahovo, Mahovha)|| || Banana(s)
|-
|Figu
|Mafigu
|
|Wild banana(s)
|-
|Ranjisi / Raranji
|Maranjisi, Mararanji
|
|Orange(s)
|-
|Nachisi
|Manachisi
|
|Tangerine(s), Mandarine(s)
|-
|Pichisi
|Mapichisi
|
|Peach(es)
|-
|Manzana / Apuro
|Manzana / Maapuro|| || Apple(s),
|-
|Rimango
|Mango, Dzimango
|
|Mango(es)
|-
|Nanazi
|Mananazi, Zvinanazi
|
|Pineapple(s)
|-
|Vise / Mwiwa
|Mavise, Mwiwa
|
|Watermelon(s)
|-
|Sheri
|Masheri
|
|Cherry (cherries)
|-
|Bhirikoti
|Mabhirikoti
|
|Apricot(s)
|-
|Kuta
|Makuta
|
|Blueberry (blueberries)
|-
|Peya
|Mapeya
|
|Pear(s)
|-
|Svoveri / Svobheri
|Masvoveri, Masvobheri
|
|Strawberry (strawberries)
|-
|Ndimu
|~
|
|Lemon(s)
|-
|Dhimu
|Madhimu
|
|Lime(s)
|-
|Kotapeya
|Makotapeya
|
|Avocado(s)
|-
|Bopo
|Mapopo
|
|Papaya(s)
|-
|Gwavha (''or'' Gwadhlava, Gwadyava)
|Mwagwavha (Mwagwadhlava, Magwadyava)
|
|Guava(s)
|-
|Zambiringa
|Mazambiringa
|
|Grape(s)
|-
|Svazva
|Dzisvazva, Masvazva
|
|Plum(s)
|-
|Tsvanza / Nhengeni
|~
|
|Sourplum(s)
|-
|Nhunguru
|~
|
|Botaka plum(s), Ramontchi
|-
|Tsubvu
|~
|
|Chocolate berry (Vitex payos)
|-
|Sawu
|Masawu
|
|Jujube(s)
|-
|Pfura
|Mapfura
|
|Marula(s)
|-
|Nyii
|~
|
|Bird plum(s)
|-
|Damba
|Matamba
|
|Monkey orange(s)
|-
|Dohwe
|Matohwe
|
|Snot apple(s)
|-
|Tsvitsvirondo
|Matsvitsvirondo
|
|Kei apple(s)
|-
|Zhanje
|Mazhanje
|
|Wild loquat(s)
|-
|Uyu (''or'' Wuyu, Vuyu)
|Mauyu
|
|Baobab
|-
|Hute / Khute
|Mahute, Makhute
|
|Waterberry (waterberries)
|-
|Roro
|Maroro
|
|Wild custard apple(s)
|-
|Sika / Rusika
|Masika
|
|Tamarind(s)
|-
|Hacha
|Mahacha
|
|Mobola plum(s)
|-
|Kokonati / Nazi
|Makokonati, Manazi
|
|Coconut(s)
|-
|Onde (''or'' Vonde, Wonde)
|Maonde
|
|Fig(s)
|-
|Nzimbe
|~
|
|Sugarcane(s)
|}

In [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona], we use the word 'dovi' to refer to any fruit, even if we know the specific name of that fruit. For example, instead of saying "Where is the avocado?" we say "Where is the fruit?" However, it's always better to know the specific names so you can easily identify the fruit you want.

== Dialogue ==

Here's a dialogue between two people buying fruits at a market:

* Person 1: Ndiri kuda mufushwa. (I want a grapefruit.)
* Person 2: Taera pahuweti nechaputsu nemufushwa. (Wait, let me get a bag of oranges and a grapefruit.)
* Person 1: Zvakanaka. (Okay.)
* Person 2: Ko vabuda nevatongi vedovi? (Where are the sellers of fruits?)
* Person 1: Vese vaenda kuendesa avi kumberi. (All of them are at the front.)

== Interesting Facts ==

Did you know that the Shona people in Zimbabwe used to eat traditional fruits such as 'mutunhu' (wild loquat), 'haapfu' (devil's thorn fruit) and 'hacha' (marula)? They used to also use the fruit of the baobab tree to make a sour drink called 'mahewu'. Talking about baobab, it's called 'mhuka' in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona], which literally means "the one that bursts." The reason is that its fruit can burst open with a loud noise when it falls onto the ground.

== Conclusion ==

Learning the names of fruits in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/shona Shona] is an essential part of language learning. You can impress locals with your knowledge, and also avoid confusion when buying or ordering fruits. Keep practicing and learning! 

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below. ➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits Shona Vocabulary - Fruits]
* [https://shona.english-dictionary.help/english-to-shona-meaning-fruit English to Shona Meaning of fruit - muchero]

Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Asking-for-Directions|Asking for Directions]].
{{#seo:
|title=Shona Vocabulary - Fruits
|keywords=Shona, vocabulary, fruits, language learning, Zimbabwe
|description=Learn the names of common fruits in Shona and some interesting facts about traditional fruits of Zimbabwe. Essential knowledge for language learners!
}}

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions

2024-02-03T12:10:14Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}
This page provides a list of vocabulary in Shona related to feelings and emotions. Learning these words will help you express your emotions in Shona more accurately.

== Introduction ==
In Shona, as in many languages, expressing feelings and emotions is a crucial part of daily communication. This lesson covers a variety of terms that will enable you to describe your own emotions and ask others about theirs.

== Vocabulary List ==
Below is a list of feelings and emotions in Shona, followed by their English translations.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |In shona
!English translation
!
|-
!kufara
!mufaro, rufaro
|happiness
|
|-
!kudakara
!rudakaro
|joy; joyfulness
|
|-
!kusurukira
!rusurukiro
|sad; sadness
|
|-
!Kunetsekana
!runetsekano
|troubled
|
|-
!kuzvidyamoyo
!
|worry
|literally 'to eat one's own heart'
|-
!kuzvitemesamusoro
!
|stress; to give oneself a headache
|literally 'to strike one's head with an axe'
|-
!kupunyaira
!mupunyairo
|fret; stress, worry,
|
|-
!kutya, kutla
!rutyi, rutli
|fear
|
|-
!
!hasha
|anger
|
|-
!kutsamwa
!-tsamwa
|upset
|
|-
!kushamisika
!rushamiswo
|surprise
|
|-
!kufarira
!
|like; liking
|
|-
!kuda
!rudo
|love, loving
|
|-
!
!rudiso, chidiso
|want, desire
|
|-
!kudinga, kuvinga
!rudingo, ruvingo
|need
|
|-
!kudaka
!rudako
|want
|
|-
!
!chidakadaka
|crush, puppy-love
|
|-
!
!chidokwadokwa
|
|
|-
!
!donyongodzo
|
|
|-
!kudokwaira
!dokwaira
| rowspan="2" |crave; hunger for; aspire for
|
|-
!kupungaira
!rupungairo
|
|-
!kupanga
!chipangwa, mbangwa
|desire; need
|
|-
!kububa
!
|crave (of an animal)
|
|-
!kudakarira
!
|
|
|-
!
!daka
|grudge
|
|-
!kusemesa, kusembura
!
|disgust; disgusting
|
|-
!kunakidzwa
!runakidzo
|
|
|-
!
!zvanaka
|well, beautiful, good
|
|-
!
!mushe
|well
|
|-
!
!bho
|good
|
|-
!
!nani
|better; improved
|
|-
!
!godo
|jealousy; icy
|
|-
!
!shanje
|envy
|
|-
!kuchiva
!ruchivo
|lust
|
|-
!kuva nemwoyo
!mwoyo
|lust; selfish
|
|-
!kuva nedaka
!daka
|grudge
|
|-
!kudemba
!demba
|regret
|
|-
!kuipa
!zvakaipa
|bad, unwell
|
|-
!kudada
!dada, rudado
|pride, pridefull
|
|-
!kupengesana
!rupengesano
|to love each other a lot
|literally ' to make one another crazy with love'
|-
!
!madanha
|yearning; affectionate admiration
|
|-
!kufukamoyo
!ufukamoyo, rufukamoyo
|depression
|literally 'covering of one's heart'
|-
!kudekara
!rudekaro
|relax
|
|-
!kukara
!rukaro
|greedy; greed
|
|-
!kuvenga
!ruvengo
|hate; hateful
|
|-
!kushona/kuhlona
!shonhi, shoni, hlonhi
|shame
|
|-
!kunyara
!runyaro
|shy, shyness
|
|-
!kuva netsitsi
!tsitsi
|compassion
|
|-
!kuva nengoni
!ngoni
|
|
|-
!kuva nemutsa
!mutsa
|mercy, merciful
|
|-
!kuva nenyasha
!nyasha
|grace, graceful
|
|-
!kunyazisa, kusvoda
!nyadzi, rusvodi
|embarrassing, embarrassment
|
|-
!kuviruka
!
|
|
|-
!kuva neshungu
!shungu
|passion
|
|-
!kuva netariro
!tariro
|hope, hopeful
|
|-
!kuritaira
!muritairo
|to be at a loss
|
|-
!kudzungaira
!dzungu
|confusion
|
|-
!kuchangaira; kubatawa nechangaira
!ruchangairo, changaira
|perplexed, perplexation
|
|-
!kupukaira, kudzivaira
!
|aimlessness; cluelessness
|
|-
!kuremekedza
!remekedza
|respect
|
|}

== Usage Examples ==
To help you understand how these words are used in context, here are some example sentences.

;Ndine mufaro. : I am happy.
;Uri kuchema nei? : Why are you crying?
;Haufanire kutsamwa. : You shouldn't be angry.
;Ndinokuda. : I love you.
;Ndinokufarira.: I like you
'''Ndakasurukirwa.'''

I am sad.

'''Usazvidyemoyo.'''

Don't worry.

'''Hauna mashoni/Hauna mahlonhi.'''

You have no shame.

== Exercises ==
To test your understanding of the vocabulary, try translating the following sentences into Shona.

#. I am surprised.
#. She is afraid.
#. We are happy.
#. They love each other.

== Answers ==
#. Ndakashamiswa.
#. Ari kutya.
#. Tine mufaro.
#. Vanodanana.
[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors

2024-02-03T11:18:46Z

Masiziva: continuation of editing and adding vocabulary

{{Shona-Page-Top}}

On this page we will go through the colours as acknowledged in the Shona language.

In Shona colours are seen in four different categories, '''mavara matema''' (dark colours i.e. blue, black), '''mavara matsvuku''' (warm colours i.e. red, orange), '''mavara machena''' (white colours i.e. white, yellow etc.) and '''mavara tsvuku''' again (bright colours i.e. purple, pink)

== Basic Colours ==
Let's begin with the basic and most commonly used colours first.
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Shona
|-
|Blue
|Ungu
|-
|Red
|Tsvuku
|-
|Orange
|Ranjisi / Raranji
|-
|Yellow
|Huroro
|-
|Brown
|Mbise / Svundu
|-
|Green
|Zerere
|-
|White
|Chena
|-
|Pink
|Kiwani
|-
|Purple
|Hute / Khute
|-
|Black
|Tema
|-
|Grey
|Pfumbu
|}

== Detailed List of Colours and Shades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Shona
!English
!Etymology
|-
|Ungu
|Blue
|
|-
|Ungwana
|Light blue
| -na is from Chena, unguchena; baby blue or young blue
|-
|Fifu
|Grey-blue
|
|-
|Dhimba
|Dark blue / Deep sea blue
|
|-
|Rindigo / Ndyigo
|Indigo
|from indigo
|-
|Safira
|Sapphire blue
|
|-
|Getsiungu
|Electric blue
|
|-
|Zerere
|Green
|
|-
|Zererena
|Light green
|
|-
|Pfumvudza
|fern / muddy green
|
|-
|Puwa
|Chartreuse, yellow-green
|
|-
|Huroro
|Yellow
|
|-
|Ndarama / Goridhe
|Gold
|
|-
|Ruraza
|Pale yellow
|
|-
|Raranjiro
|Amber
|
|-
|Rushare
|Flaxen / Blonde yellow
|
|-
|Mbise
|Brown
|
|-
|Mbisana
|Light brown
|
|-
|Svundu
|Brown
|
|-
|Tsvichiri
|Mahoganny; red-brown
|as the tree's name
|-
|Ndarira
|Bronze
|
|-
|Vunde
|Tan
|like sorghum, bvunde
|-
|Mdhaka
|Beige
|
|-
|Khakhi
|Kaki
|
|-
|Ranjisi / raranji
|Orange
|
|-
|Tsvuku
|Red
|
|-
|Vomvu
|Scarlet
|
|-
|Shava / Java
|Maroon
|
|-
|Rhanje
|Vermillion
|
|-
|Mbiringa
|Wine red
|
|-
|Sheri
|Cherry
|
|-
|Kiwani
|Pink
|as in chuma chekiwani meaning rose or pink colour beads
|-
|Hute
|Purple
|as per the fruit
|-
|Gatawa
|Lilac
|as per the bird, the lilac-breasted bird
|-
|Tangeni
|Violet
|as per the violet tree Pfuvana, Mufufu, Mutangeni
|-
|Farata / Fandemengwe
|Lavender
|Mufarata, Mufandemengwe
|-
|Punje
|Amethyst
|as per the tree Mupunje, Mujumbe or Mushari
|-
|Pfumbu
|Grey
|
|-
|Pfupfuma
|Dark-grey
|
|-
|Darejena
|Silver
|
|-
|Chena
|White
|
|}

== Colours and Meanings ==
We know there are certain colours that are associated with certain things, although this is not a largely practiced phenomenon in Shona culture there are certain colours that are associated with certain things.

* Chena (white) - the colour white is associated with cleanliness, spirituality, peace and tranquillity.
** It is used as ''Kuchena'' meaning to look good, clean or well put together.
** It is worn by Apostles for their church attendances, therefore it is a colour of spirituality, additionally ghosts are also viewed as white so it is associated with the otherworldly and death.
** ''Kucheneruka'' which means to turn white (negatively) as in to get dirty, this is because on dark skin if one's skin is white it is dirty, such as ''kuvaneshena''.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a sign of peacefulness.
** It is largely a colour of the seen and unseen, the far and near, duality. The moon in the sky, the spirit, peace, etcetera.
* Tema (black, dark) - is the colour strength, pride and identity
** It references the Dark skinned people of Africa and the Shona themselves, this colour refers to a shade as well not just black in the literal sense.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a colour representing solidness and identity.
* Zerere (green) - is the colour of nature, fertility and the physical world.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of the country's nature and wildlife.
** It is a colour of life, natural life.
* Tsvuku (red) - is the colour of blood, caution, negativity, death, conquering
** It too is found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of remembrance for the blood spelt by the heroes and civilians of the Zimbabwean nation during the wars and liberation Mwperiods.
* Huroro (yellow) - is the colour riches, wealth and vitality.
** It is found on the Zimbabwean flag symbolising the wealth of the country, its golds, diamonds, peoples and etcetera.
** It is a symbol of the sun, and is therefore a sign of vitality.
* Ungu (blue) - is a colour of balance directly in coalition with green.
** Symbolising the seas, waters, rains and etcetera it is a complement of the colour green of nature.
** You can find that in other Bantu languages the colours green and blue have similar names so the beliefs may be similar.
* Mbise (brown) - it is a colour of the solid earth, the ground, stability.
** It is like green and blue although secondary.

== Practice ==

=== Vocabulary ===
Kufarira (to like; liking)

Kusafarira (to dislike)

Handi- (I do not...)

Muvara, Ruvara (colour)

Mivara, Mavara (colours)

=== Sentences ===
Muvara waunofarira ndeupi? (Which colour do you like?)

Ndinofarira ungu. (I like blue.)

Pane muvara wausingafarire here? (Is there a colour you do not like?)

Handifarire muvara wekiwani. (I do not like pink).

Ndirikutsvaga Maria, akapfeka hembe dzehuroro. (I am looking for Maria, she is wearing yellow clothes.)

Uyo, ari apo, padhuze nemukomana akapfeka zvitsvuku. (There she is, near the boy wearing red.)

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

[[Category:Shona Lessons]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions

2024-02-03T04:00:56Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}
This page provides a list of vocabulary in Shona related to feelings and emotions. Learning these words will help you express your emotions in Shona more accurately.

== Introduction ==
In Shona, as in many languages, expressing feelings and emotions is a crucial part of daily communication. This lesson covers a variety of terms that will enable you to describe your own emotions and ask others about theirs.

== Vocabulary List ==
Below is a list of feelings and emotions in Shona, followed by their English translations.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |In shona
!English translation
!
|-
!kufara
!mufaro, rufaro
|happiness
|
|-
!kudakara
!rudakaro
|joy; joyfulness
|
|-
!kusurukira
!rusurukiro
|sad; sadness
|
|-
!Kunetsekana
!runetsekano
|troubled
|
|-
!kuzvidyamoyo
!
|worry
|literally 'to eat one's own heart'
|-
!kuzvitemesamusoro
!
|stress; to give oneself a headache
|literally 'to strike one's head with an axe'
|-
!kupunyaira
!mupunyairo
|fret; stress, worry,
|
|-
!kutya, kutla
!rutyi, rutli
|fear
|
|-
!
!hasha
|anger
|
|-
!kutsamwa
!-tsamwa
|upset
|
|-
!kushamisika
!rushamiswo
|surprise
|
|-
!kufarira
!
|like; liking
|
|-
!kuda
!rudo
|love, loving
|
|-
!
!rudiso, chidiso
|want, desire
|
|-
!kudinga, kuvinga
!rudingo, ruvingo
|need
|
|-
!kudaka
!rudako
|want
|
|-
!
!chidakadaka
|crush, puppy-love
|
|-
!
!chidokwadokwa
|
|
|-
!
!donyongodzo
|
|
|-
!kudokwaira
!dokwaira
| rowspan="2" |crave; hunger for; aspire for
|
|-
!kupungaira
!rupungairo
|
|-
!kupanga
!chipangwa, mbangwa
|desire; need
|
|-
!kububa
!
|crave (of an animal)
|
|-
!kudakarira
!
|
|
|-
!
!daka
|grudge
|
|-
!kusemesa, kusembura
!
|disgust; disgusting
|
|-
!kunakidzwa
!runakidzo
|
|
|-
!
!zvanaka
|well, beautiful, good
|
|-
!
!mushe
|wel
|
|-
!
!bho
|good
|
|-
!
!nani
|better; improved
|
|-
!
!godo
|jealousy; icy
|
|-
!
!shanje
|envy
|
|-
!kuchiva
!ruchivo
|lust
|
|-
!kuva nemwoyo
!mwoyo
|lust; selfish
|
|-
!kuva nedaka
!daka
|grudge
|
|-
!kudemba
!demba
|regret
|
|-
!kuipa
!zvakaipa
|bad, unwell
|
|-
!kudada
!dada, rudado
|pride, pridefull
|
|-
!kupengesana
!rupengesano
|to love each other a lot
|literally ' to make one another crazy with love'
|-
!
!madanha
|yearning; affectionate admiration
|
|-
!kufukamoyo
!ufukamoyo, rufukamoyo
|depression
|literally 'covering of one's heart'
|-
!kudekara
!rudekaro
|relax
|
|-
!kukara
!rukaro
|greedy; greed
|
|-
!kuvenga
!ruvengo
|hate; hateful
|
|-
!kushona
!shonhi, shoni
|shame
|
|-
!kunyara
!runyaro
|shy, shyness
|
|-
!kuva netsitsi
!tsitsi
|compassion
|
|-
!kuva nengoni
!ngoni
|
|
|-
!kuva nemutsa
!mutsa
|mercy, merciful
|
|-
!kuva nenyasha
!nyasha
|grace, graceful
|
|-
!kunyazisa, kusvoda
!nyadzi, rusvodi
|embarrassing, embarrassment
|
|-
!kuviruka
!
|
|
|-
!kuva neshungu
!shungu
|passion
|
|-
!kuva netariro
!tariro
|hope, hopeful
|
|-
!kuritaira
!muritairo
|to be at a loss
|
|-
!kudzungaira
!dzungu
|confusion
|
|-
!kuchangaira; kubatawa nechangaira
!ruchangairo, changaira
|perplexed, perplexation
|
|-
!kupukaira, kudzivaira
!
|aimlessness; cluelessness
|
|-
!kuremekedza
!remekedza
|respect
|
|}

== Usage Examples ==
To help you understand how these words are used in context, here are some example sentences.

;Ndine mufaro. : I am happy.
;Uri kuchema nei? : Why are you crying?
;Haufanire kutsamwa. : You shouldn't be angry.
;Ndinokuda. : I love you.

== Exercises ==
To test your understanding of the vocabulary, try translating the following sentences into Shona.

#. I am surprised.
#. She is afraid.
#. We are happy.
#. They love each other.

== Answers ==
#. Ndakashamiswa.
#. Ari kutya.
#. Tine mufaro.
#. Vanodanana.
[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions

2024-02-03T04:00:29Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}
This page provides a list of vocabulary in Shona related to feelings and emotions. Learning these words will help you express your emotions in Shona more accurately.

== Introduction ==
In Shona, as in many languages, expressing feelings and emotions is a crucial part of daily communication. This lesson covers a variety of terms that will enable you to describe your own emotions and ask others about theirs.

== Vocabulary List ==
Below is a list of feelings and emotions in Shona, followed by their English translations.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!In shona
!English translation
!
|-
!kufara
!mufaro, rufaro
|happiness
|
|-
!kudakara
!rudakaro
|joy; joyfulness
|
|-
!kusurukira
!rusurukiro
|sad; sadness
|
|-
!Kunetsekana
!runetsekano
|troubled
|
|-
!kuzvidyamoyo
!
|worry
|literally 'to eat one's own heart'
|-
!kuzvitemesamusoro
!
|stress; to give oneself a headache
|literally 'to strike one's head with an axe'
|-
!kupunyaira
!mupunyairo
|fret; stress, worry,
|
|-
!kutya, kutla
!rutyi, rutli
|fear
|
|-
!
!hasha
|anger
|
|-
!kutsamwa
!-tsamwa
|upset
|
|-
!kushamisika
!rushamiswo
|surprise
|
|-
!kufarira
!
|like; liking
|
|-
!kuda
!rudo
|love, loving
|
|-
!
!rudiso, chidiso
|want, desire
|
|-
!kudinga, kuvinga
!rudingo, ruvingo
|need
|
|-
!kudaka
!rudako
|want
|
|-
!
!chidakadaka
|crush, puppy-love
|
|-
!
!chidokwadokwa
|
|
|-
!
!donyongodzo
|
|
|-
!kudokwaira
!dokwaira
| rowspan="2" |crave; hunger for; aspire for
|
|-
!kupungaira
!rupungairo
|
|-
!kupanga
!chipangwa, mbangwa
|desire; need
|
|-
!kububa
!
|crave (of an animal)
|
|-
!kudakarira
!
|
|
|-
!
!daka
|grudge
|
|-
!kusemesa, kusembura
!
|disgust; disgusting
|
|-
!kunakidzwa
!runakidzo
|
|
|-
!
!zvanaka
|well, beautiful, good
|
|-
!
!mushe
|wel
|
|-
!
!bho
|good
|
|-
!
!nani
|better; improved
|
|-
!
!godo
|jealousy; icy
|
|-
!
!shanje
|envy
|
|-
!kuchiva
!ruchivo
|lust
|
|-
!kuva nemwoyo
!mwoyo
|lust; selfish
|
|-
!kuva nedaka
!daka
|grudge
|
|-
!kudemba
!demba
|regret
|
|-
!kuipa
!zvakaipa
|bad, unwell
|
|-
!kudada
!dada, rudado
|pride, pridefull
|
|-
!kupengesana
!rupengesano
|to love each other a lot
|literally ' to make one another crazy with love'
|-
!
!madanha
|yearning; affectionate admiration
|
|-
!kufukamoyo
!ufukamoyo, rufukamoyo
|depression
|literally 'covering of one's heart'
|-
!kudekara
!rudekaro
|relax
|
|-
!kukara
!rukaro
|greedy; greed
|
|-
!kuvenga
!ruvengo
|hate; hateful
|
|-
!kushona
!shonhi, shoni
|shame
|
|-
!kunyara
!runyaro
|shy, shyness
|
|-
!kuva netsitsi
!tsitsi
|compassion
|
|-
!kuva nengoni
!ngoni
|
|
|-
!kuva nemutsa
!mutsa
|mercy, merciful
|
|-
!kuva nenyasha
!nyasha
|grace, graceful
|
|-
!kunyazisa, kusvoda
!nyadzi, rusvodi
|embarrassing, embarrassment
|
|-
!kuviruka
!
|
|
|-
!kuva neshungu
!shungu
|passion
|
|-
!kuva netariro
!tariro
|hope, hopeful
|
|-
!kuritaira
!muritairo
|to be at a loss
|
|-
!kudzungaira
!dzungu
|confusion
|
|-
!kuchangaira; kubatawa nechangaira
!ruchangairo, changaira
|perplexed, perplexation
|
|-
!kupukaira, kudzivaira
!
|aimlessness; cluelessness
|
|-
!kuremekedza
!remekedza
|respect
|
|}

== Usage Examples ==
To help you understand how these words are used in context, here are some example sentences.

;Ndine mufaro. : I am happy.
;Uri kuchema nei? : Why are you crying?
;Haufanire kutsamwa. : You shouldn't be angry.
;Ndinokuda. : I love you.

== Exercises ==
To test your understanding of the vocabulary, try translating the following sentences into Shona.

#. I am surprised.
#. She is afraid.
#. We are happy.
#. They love each other.

== Answers ==
#. Ndakashamiswa.
#. Ari kutya.
#. Tine mufaro.
#. Vanodanana.
[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages

2024-02-03T03:03:25Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}

On this page we will take you through what other languages are called in the Shona language.

== Languages in Shona ==
In Shona when referencing a language we use the '''Chi-''' prefix which essentially means "that which is", for example in Shona the language itself is called Chishona or Chivanhu.

The word "Chishona" means, 'the Shona language' and the word Chivanhu means 'the way of the people' or 'the language of the people, the later speaks to what the Shona people have referred to as their ways. Traditionally the Shona language, the Shona way of life, and Shona traditional Religion are all called Chivanhu.

The Shona are a cluster of different people who all speak different but mutually intelligible languages, so for this lesson we will start with teaching what the Shona people and their languages are called.

=== Shona Languages ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |The Shona people and their language in Shona
! colspan="2" |English Translation
|-
|Vakaranga
| rowspan="3" |Chikaranga & Tjikalanga
|Karanga people
| rowspan="3" |Karanga & Kalanga language
|-
|Varozvi
Vanyai
|Rozvi people
Nyai people
|-
|Vakalanga / Bakalanga
|Kalanga people
|-
|Vandau
|Chindau
|Ndau people
|Ndau language
|-
|Vamanyika / Samanyika
|Chimanyika
|Manyika people
|Manyika language
|-
|Vazezuru
|Chizezuru
|Zezuru people
|Zezuru language
|-
|Vakorekore
|Chikorekore
|Korekore people
|Korekore language
|-
|Vabuja
|Chibuja
|Buja people
|Buja language
|-
|Vatavara
|Chitavara
|Tavara people
|Tavara language
|}
The Shona language are mutually intelligible, and all groups can for the most part understand Standard Shona. However, it is important to remember due to scattered settlement and influence from neighbouring tribes there are differences. Particularly with the Ndau, Kalanga, Barwe and Manyika. The Ndau have influence from Nguni languages evident in usage of clicks, the Kalanga too have influence from Nguni languages in addition to Sotho-Tswana languages. Likewise, the Barwe have influence from the Sena and the Manyika have influence from Portuguese and Mozambican languages and is much closer to Ndau.

=== Foreign Languages in Shona ===
The following are some common foreign languages around the world.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Languages in English
!In Shona
!Languages in English
!In Shona
|-
!English
|Chingezi ''or'' Chirungu
!Swahili
|Chiswahiri ''/'' Chiswahili
|-
!Latin
|Chiratini
!Fulani
|Chifurani ''/'' Chifulani
|-
!Greek
|Chigiriki
!Amharic
|Chiamhari
|-
!Chinese
|Chichayina
!Oromo
|Chioromo
|-
!Cantonese
|Chikandoni ''/'' Chikanthoni
!Tamazight / Berber
|Chitamaziti / Chibheribhe
|-
!Japanese
|Chijapani
!Tshivenda
|Chivhenda
|-
!Korean
|Chikoriya
!Hausa
|Chihausa
|-
!Thai
|Chithayi
!Lingala
|Chingala ''/'' Chingara
|-
!Portuguese
|Chiputukezi
!Yoruba
|Chiyorubha
|-
!French
|Chifurenji
!Zulu
|Chizulu
|-
!Spanish
|Chispeini / Chispanyeri
!Xhosa
|Chixhosa
|-
!German
|Chijerumani
!Ndebele (Zimbabwe)
|Chindevere ''/'' Chindevele
|-
!Italian
|Chiitari
!Ndebele (South Africa)
|Chindebele
|-
!Turkish
|Chituruki
!Tswana
|Chitswana
|-
!Hindi
|Chihindi ''/'' Chihhindi
!Sotho
|Chisutu
|-
!Arabic
|Chirabhu
!Igbo
|Chiigbo
|-
!Urdu
|Chiurudhu
!Pidgin
|Chipijini
|-
!Tamil
|Chitamiri
!Mandinka
|Chimandinka
|-
!Malayalam
|Chimarayaramu
!Bambara
|Chibambara
|-
!Russian
|Chirusi
!Bengali
|Chibhengari
|-
!Afrikaans
|Chibhunu
!Vietnamese
|Chivhiyetinamu
|-
!Dutch
|Chidhachi
!Finnish
|Chifini
|}

== Practice ==

=== Practice 1: Vocabulary ===
'''Verbs'''

Kutaura (to speak; speaking)

Kureketa, kuereketa (to talk; talking)

Kuhwereketa, kubwereketa (to converse; conversing)

Kukurukura (to discuss; discussing)

Kuti (to say; saying)

Kubhuya (to talk; talking- [used in Ndau language])

'''Conjugation present tense, first person.'''

Ndirikutaura (I am speaking)

Ndirikureketa (I am talking)

Ndichirikureketa. (I am still talking)

Ndirikuhwereketa naye. (I am conversing with her/him)

Ndirikukurukura naye. (I am discussing with her/him).

Ndirikuti... (I am saying...)

Ndirikubhuya. (I am talking)

To make more examples with the above, utilise your knowledge from the Personal pronouns lesson.

* Ndi- (I),

Hence, '''Ndi'''rikutaura (I am talking.)

* U- (you)

So it would be: '''U'''rikutaura (You are talking.)

and so forth.

=== Practice 2: Examples ===

Shona: Unotaura Chingezi here?

Translation: Do you speak English?

To answer a person may say: Ehe (yes) or Aihwa (no)

Other forms of saying yes and no are as follows: Hongu (yes) and Kwete (no).

Shona: Ndinotaura Chingezi, Chispanyeri ne Chirhashiya.

Translation: I speak English, Spanish and Russian.

=== Practice 3: Fill the spaces ===
Here are simple lines to finish for practice purposes.

Ndinotaura Chi..... (I speak....)

Handitaure Chi..... (I do not speak.....)

Handigone kutaura Chi.... (I do not know how to speak......)

Unotaura Chi.... here? (Do you speak....? [singular])

Munotaura Chi...... here? (Do you speak.....? [plural])

Avo vanogona kutaura Chi..... (Those people there know how to speak..... / They know how to speak.....)

Ndirikudzidza kutaura Chi.... (I am learning to Speak....)

Ndinotaura Chi.... chishoma. (I speak a little of ......)

Ndinotaura Chi..... chakatyoka. (I speak broken .....)

=== Practice 4: Conversation ===
Let's practice using the new terms we have learned above, it will incorporate some terms you have picked up in previous lessons such as greetings and self introduction.

In the following scenario, Maidei is talking to her new friend Eriya.

'''Conversation in Shona.'''

Maidei: Hesi, ndinonzi Maidei, ko iwewe unonzi ani?

Eriya: Mhoro Maidei, ndinoitwa Eriya.

Maidei: Unobvepi?

Eriya: Ndinobva kuMasvingo.

Maidei: Saka unotaura '''Chi'''karanga?

Eriya: Ehe, zvose ne '''Chi'''ndau, tinobva kuBikita. Ko iwewe, unotaura chii ne chii?

Maidei: Icho '''Chi'''shona chamazuva ose, ne '''Chi'''ngezi.

Eriya: Kana ini, ndinotaura '''Chi'''ngezi, ne '''Chi'''bhunu chishoma.

Maidei: '''Chi'''bhunu? Wakachidzidzekupi?

Eriya: Amai wangu Mudhachi, vanotaura '''Chi'''dhachi ne '''Chi'''bhunu.

'''English Translation:'''

Maidei: Hi, I am Maidei, and you, what are you called?

Eriya: Hello Maidei, I am called Eriya.

Maidei: Where do you come from?

Eriya: I come from Masvingo.

Maidei: So you speak Karanga?

Eriya: Yes, as well as Ndau, we come from Bikita. And you, what do you speak?

Maidei: The usual standard Shona and English.

Eriya: I as well, I speak English, and Afrikaans.

Maidei: Afrikaans? Where did you learn it?

Eriya: My mother is Dutch, she speaks Dutch and Afrikaans.

==Videos==

===How to greet someone in Shona language - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_RrAe0-nOg</youtube>

===Learn Shona: Shona Language Possessive Pronouns and ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8x3qany_UxQ</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]

[[Category:Learn Shona]]
[[Category:Shona Lessons]]
[[Category:Shona Vocabulary]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors

2024-02-01T07:12:59Z

Masiziva: continuation of editing and adding vocabulary

On this page we will go through the colours as acknowledged in the Shona language.

== Colours in Shona ==
In Shona colours are seen in four different categories, '''mavara matema''' (dark colours i.e. blue, black), '''mavara matsvuku''' (warm colours i.e. red, orange), '''mavara machena''' (white colours i.e. white, yellow etc.) and '''mavara tsvuku''' again (bright colours i.e. purple, pink)

=== List of colours ===

==== Basic Colours ====
Let's begin with the basic and most commonly used colours first.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |
|-
|Blue
|Ungu
|-
|Red
|Tsvuku
|-
|Orange
|Ranjisi / Raranji
|-
|Yellow
|Huroro
|-
|Brown
|Mbise / Svundu
|-
|Green
|Zerere
|-
|White
|Chena
|-
|Pink
|Kiwani
|-
|Purple
|Hute / Khute
|-
|Black
|Tema
|-
|Grey
|Pfumbu
|}

==== Detailed List of Colours and Shades ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Colour name
!Translation in English
!Etymology
|-
|Ungu
|Blue
|
|-
|Ungwana
|Light blue
| -na is from Chena, unguchena; baby blue or young blue
|-
|Fifu
|Grey-blue
|
|-
|Dhimba
|Dark blue / Deep sea blue
|
|-
|Rindigo / Ndyigo
|Indigo
|from indigo
|-
|Safira
|Sapphire blue
|
|-
|Getsiungu
|Electric blue
|
|-
|Zerere
|Green
|
|-
|Zererena
|Light green
|
|-
|Pfumvudza
|fern / muddy green
|
|-
|Puwa
|Chartreuse, yellow-green
|
|-
|Huroro
|Yellow
|
|-
|Ndarama / Goridhe
|Gold
|
|-
|Ruraza
|Pale yellow
|
|-
|Raranjiro
|Amber
|
|-
|Rushare
|Flaxen / Blonde yellow
|
|-
|Mbise
|Brown
|
|-
|Mbisana
|Light brown
|
|-
|Svundu
|Brown
|
|-
|Tsvichiri
|Mahoganny; red-brown
|as the tree's name
|-
|Ndarira
|Bronze
|
|-
|Vunde
|Tan
|like sorghum, bvunde
|-
|Mdhaka
|Beige
|
|-
|Khakhi
|Kaki
|
|-
|Ranjisi / raranji
|Orange
|
|-
|Tsvuku
|Red
|
|-
|Vomvu
|Scarlet
|
|-
|Shava / Java
|Maroon
|
|-
|Rhanje
|Vermillion
|
|-
|Mbiringa
|Wine red
|
|-
|Sheri
|Cherry
|
|-
|Kiwani
|Pink
|as in chuma chekiwani meaning rose or pink colour beads
|-
|Hute
|Purple
|as per the fruit
|-
|Gatawa
|Lilac
|as per the bird, the lilac-breasted bird
|-
|Tangeni
|Violet
|as per the violet tree Pfuvana, Mufufu, Mutangeni
|-
|Farata / Fandemengwe
|Lavender
|Mufarata, Mufandemengwe
|-
|Punje
|Amethyst
|as per the tree Mupunje, Mujumbe or Mushari
|-
|Pfumbu
|Grey
|
|-
|Pfupfuma
|Dark-grey
|
|-
|Darejena
|Silver
|
|-
|Chena
|White
|
|}

=== Colours and Meanings ===
We know there are certain colours that are associated with certain things, although this is not a largely practiced phenomenon in Shona culture there are certain colours that are associated with certain things.

* Chena (white) - the colour white is associated with cleanliness, spirituality, peace and tranquillity.
** It is used as ''Kuchena'' meaning to look good, clean or well put together.
** It is worn by Apostles for their church attendances, therefore it is a colour of spirituality, additionally ghosts are also viewed as white so it is associated with the otherworldly and death.
** ''Kucheneruka'' which means to turn white (negatively) as in to get dirty, this is because on dark skin if one's skin is white it is dirty, such as ''kuvaneshena''.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a sign of peacefulness.
** It is largely a colour of the seen and unseen, the far and near, duality. The moon in the sky, the spirit, peace, etcetera.
* Tema (black, dark) - is the colour strength, pride and identity
** It references the Dark skinned people of Africa and the Shona themselves, this colour refers to a shade as well not just black in the literal sense.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a colour representing solidness and identity.
* Zerere (green) - is the colour of nature, fertility and the physical world.
** It is also found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of the country's nature and wildlife.
** It is a colour of life, natural life.
* Tsvuku (red) - is the colour of blood, caution, negativity, death, conquering
** It too is found on the Zimbabwean flag as a symbol of remembrance for the blood spelt by the heroes and civilians of the Zimbabwean nation during the wars and liberation periods.
* Huroro (yellow) - is the colour riches, wealth and vitality.
** It is found on the Zimbabwean flag symbolising the wealth of the country, its golds, diamonds, peoples and etcetera.
** It is a symbol of the sun, and is therefore a sign of vitality.
* Ungu (blue) - is a colour of balance directly in coalition with green.
** Symbolising the seas, waters, rains and etcetera it is a complement of the colour green of nature.
** You can find that in other Bantu languages the colours green and blue have similar names so the beliefs may be similar.
* Mbise (brown) - it is a colour of the solid earth, the ground, stability.
** It is like green and blue although secondary.

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors

2024-02-01T06:55:41Z

Masiziva:

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors

2024-02-01T06:55:07Z

Masiziva:

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages

2024-02-01T05:54:01Z

Masiziva:

On this page we will take you through what other languages are called in the Shona language.

== Languages in Shona ==
In Shona when referencing a language we use the '''Chi-''' prefix which essentially means "that which is", for example in Shona the language itself is called Chishona or Chivanhu.

The word "Chishona" means, 'the Shona language' and the word Chivanhu means 'the way of the people' or 'the language of the people, the later speaks to what the Shona people have referred to as their ways. Traditionally the Shona language, the Shona way of life, and Shona traditional Religion are all called Chivanhu.

The Shona are a cluster of different people who all speak different but mutually intelligible languages, so for this lesson we will start with teaching what the Shona people and their languages are called.

=== Shona Languages ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |The Shona people and their language in Shona
! colspan="2" |English Translation
|-
|Vakaranga
| rowspan="3" |Chikaranga & Tjikalanga
|Karanga people
| rowspan="3" |Karanga & Kalanga language
|-
|Varozvi
Vanyai
|Rozvi people
Nyai people
|-
|Vakalanga / Bakalanga
|Kalanga people
|-
|Vandau
|Chindau
|Ndau people
|Ndau language
|-
|Vamanyika / Samanyika
|Chimanyika
|Manyika people
|Manyika language
|-
|Vazezuru
|Chizezuru
|Zezuru people
|Zezuru language
|-
|Vakorekore
|Chikorekore
|Korekore people
|Korekore language
|-
|Vabuja
|Chibuja
|Buja people
|Buja language
|-
|Vatavara
|Chitavara
|Tavara people
|Tavara language
|}
The Shona language are mutually intelligible, and all groups can for the most part understand Standard Shona. However, it is important to remember due to scattered settlement and influence from neighbouring tribes there are differences. Particularly with the Ndau, Kalanga, Barwe and Manyika. The Ndau have influence from Nguni languages evident in usage of clicks, the Kalanga too have influence from Nguni languages in addition to Sotho-Tswana languages. Likewise, the Barwe have influence from the Sena and the Manyika have influence from Portuguese and Mozambican languages and is much closer to Ndau.

=== Foreign Languages in Shona ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Languages in English
!In Shona
!Languages in English
!In Shona
|-
!English
|Chingezi ''or'' Chirungu
!Swahili
|Chiswahiri ''/'' Chiswahili
|-
!Latin
|Chiratini
!Fulani
|Chifurani ''/'' Chifulani
|-
!Greek
|Chigiriki
!Amharic
|Chiamhari
|-
!Chinese
|Chichayina
!Oromo
|Chioromo
|-
!Cantonese
|Chikandoni ''/'' Chikanthoni
!Tamazight / Berber
|Chitamaziti / Chibheribhe
|-
!Japanese
|Chijapani
!Tshivenda
|Chivhenda
|-
!Korean
|Chikoriya
!Hausa
|Chihausa
|-
!Thai
|Chithayi
!Lingala
|Chingala ''/'' Chingara
|-
!Portuguese
|Chiputukezi
!Yoruba
|Chiyorubha
|-
!French
|Chifurenji
!Zulu
|Chizulu
|-
!Spanish
|Chispeini / Chispanyeri
!Xhosa
|Chixhosa
|-
!German
|Chijerumani
!Ndebele (Zimbabwe)
|Chindevere ''/'' Chindevele
|-
!Italian
|Chiitari
!Ndebele (South Africa)
|Chindebele
|-
!Turkish
|Chituruki
!Tswana
|Chitswana
|-
!Hindi
|Chihindi ''/'' Chihhindi
!Sotho
|Chisutu
|-
!Arabic
|Chirabhu
!Igbo
|Chiigbo
|-
!Urdu
|Chiurudhu
!Pidgin
|Chipijini
|-
!Tamil
|Chitamiri
!Mandinka
|Chimandinka
|-
!Malayalam
|Chimarayaramu
!Bambara
|Chibambara
|-
!Russian
|Chirusi
!Bengali
|Chibhengari
|-
!Afrikaans
|Chibhunu
!Vietnamese
|Chivhiyetinamu
|-
!Dutch
|Chidhachi
!Finnish
|Chifini
|}

==Videos==

===How to greet someone in Shona language - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_RrAe0-nOg</youtube>

===Learn Shona: Shona Language Possessive Pronouns and ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8x3qany_UxQ</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Emergency|Emergency]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week

2024-02-01T04:48:35Z

Masiziva:

{{Shona-Page-Top}}
Welcome to our lesson on the days of the week in Shona! The Shona language is a Bantu language spoken by approximately 10 million people primarily in Zimbabwe and Zambia:

== Days of the Week in Shona ==
A traditional week as is the modern week in the Shona culture consists of seven days, however, traditionally, of the seven days, six of them are considered working days and the last is observed as a rest day, a sabbath so to speak.
{| class="wikitable"
!Weekday in Shona (Traditional)
!Weekday in Shona (Modern)
!Pronunciation in IPA
!Translation in English
!Origin of the Word
|-
|'''Muvhuro'''
|Muvhuro
|muˈvhuɾo
|Monday
|"Muvhuro" means "beginning" or "opening" in Shona and is used to denote the start of a new week.
|-
|'''Chipiri'''
|Chipiri
|tʃiˈpiɾi
|Tuesday
|"Chipiri" means "second" in Shona, and refers to the second day of the week.
|-
|'''Chitatu'''
|Chitatu
|tʃiˈtatʊ
|Wednesday
|"Chitatu" means "third" in Shona, and refers to the third day of the week.
|-
|'''China'''
|China
|ˈtʃina
|Thursday
|"China" means "fourth" in Shona, and refers to the fourth day of the week.
|-
|'''Chishanu'''
|Chishanu
|tʃiˈʃanu
|Friday
|"Chishanu" means "fifth" in Shona, and refers to the fifth day of the week.
|-
|'''Mugovera''' (or '''Chitanhatu''')
|Mugovera
|mu'govera
|Saturday
|"Mugovera" means "day of imparting" in Shona, it was the day when people got paid their dues for their week's work in preparation for the rest day.
"Chitanhatu" means "sixth", in some variations people did refer to the day as such.
|-
|'''Chisi'''
|Svondo (''or'' Sondo)
|ˈsvɔndo
|Sunday
|This day was originally named Chisi or "Chisiya chedu" meaning "our rest" by the Shona people. With the introduction of Christianity, it later became known as "Svondo", it derives from Afrikaans from the word sondag'<nowiki/> meaning sunday.
|}

== Words related to time in Shona ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Word in Shona
!Pronunciation in IPA
!Translation in English
!Origin/Notes
|-
|Nguva
|
|Time
|
|-
|Vhiki (''or'' svondo; sondo)
|
|Week
|deriving from Afrikaans
|-
|Mavhiki mbiri
|
|Bi-weekly; Fortnight
|
|-
|Rinhambo (''or'' nhambo)
|
|Hour
|
|-
|Mhindi (''or'' mineti)
|
|Minute
|
|-
|Chepiri
|
|Second
|
|-
|Chiurupiri (''or'' mirisekondi)
|
|Millisecond
|Chiurupiri follows the etymology of millisecond meaning "a thousandth of a second",
''chiuru-'' means "thousand" and ''-piri'' means "second"
|-
|Zuva
|
|Day, Sun
|
|-
|Musi
|
|Date, Day
|
|-
|Nhasi (''or'' nyamusi; nyamushi)
|
|Today
|nyamusi and nyamushi mean literally 'this date', 'current day'
|-
|Mangwana, hwedza
|maŋˈɡwana
|Tomorrow
|Literally means "morning" or "dawn."
|-
|Nezuro, zuro
|
|Yesterday
|Derives from "kunherera" which means "to walk backwards," signifying the past.
|-
|Kuseni, Mwangwanani
|
|Morning
|
|-
|Masikati
|
|Afternoon
|
|-
|Madekwana
|
|Early evening
|
|-
|Madeko, Manhoko
|
|Evening
|
|-
|Manheru
|
|Late evening
|
|-
|Vusiku (''or'' Usiku; Husiku)
|
|Night
|
|-
|Pakatipousiku
|
|Midnight
|
|-
|Nhasi manheru
|
|Tonight
|meaning literally "today night"
|-
|Gore (''or'' makei)
|
|Year
|
|-
|Nhaka
|
|This year
|
|-
|Chemakei, Chegore
|
|Annual
|meaning "of the year"
|-
|Mwedzi
|
|Month, Moon
|the Shona traditionally use a lunar calendar hence moon and month are the same
|-
|Mwaka
|
|Season
|
|-
|Kati, kanhi
|
|Period
|
|-
|Zera
|
|Age, Era
|
|-
|Gumikati (''or'' Mwakakumi)
|
|Decade, Decennium
|''zanakati'' meaning "tenth period"; ''mwakakumi'' means "tenth season"
|-
|Zanagore (''or'' Zanakati)
|
|Century
|''zanagore'' means "hundredth year"; ''zanakati'' means "hundredth period"
|-
|Wurukati (''or'' Mwakawuru)
|
|Millennium
|''wurukati'' means "thousandth period"; ''mwakawuru'' means "thousandth season"
|-
|Karenda
|
|Calendar
|
|-
|Pamberi
|
|Before
|meaning "ahead of"
|-
|Mushure
|
|After
|meaning "behind"
|-
|Zvino
|
|Now
|
|-
|Izezvi, Izvozvi
|
|Right now
|
|-
|Mazuvaese
|
|Everyday, Daily
|
|-
|KSN
|
|AM
|from kuseni meaning "morning"
|-
|MSK
|
|PM (early)
|from masikati meaning "afternoon", this is broaddaylight afternoon
|-
|MDK
|
|PM (late)
|from madekwa meaning "night; evening" , this is the dark evening/afternoon
|-
|Wachi
|
|Watch, Clock
|
|-
|Makore mazanamaviri
|
|Bicentinnial
|
|-
|Makore maviri
|
|Biennial
|
|-
|Ruambanguva (''or'' Unenanguva)
|
|Chronology
|unena-/ruamba- is the suffix ''-logy'', ''chrono-'' means "time" which is ''nguva'' in Shona
|-
| -cheruambanguva
|
|Chronologically
|
|-
|Gore remucharikwa
|
|Leap year
|
|-
|Jubheri
|
|Jubilee
|
|-
|Zoni
|
|Zone
|
|}

{{#seo:
|title=Learn the Days of the Week in Shona: A Complete Guide
|keywords=Shona, days of the week, time, calendar, language learning
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the names of the days of the week in Shona, along with their pronunciation and origin. Additionally, you'll discover more Shona words related to time, such as tomorrow, yesterday, and now. Start learning Shona today with this comprehensive guide to the days of the week!
}}

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week

2024-02-01T04:47:56Z

Masiziva: Updating, adding and editing some spelling

{{Shona-Page-Top}}
Welcome to our lesson on the days of the week in Shona! The Shona language is a Bantu language spoken by approximately 10 million people primarily in Zimbabwe and Zambia:

== Days of the Week in Shona ==
A traditional week as is the modern week in the Shona culture consists of seven days, however, traditionally, of the seven days, six of them are considered working days and the last is observed as a rest day, a sabbath so to speak.
{| class="wikitable"
!Weekday in Shona (Traditional)
!Weekday in Shona (Modern)
!Pronunciation in IPA
!Translation in English
!Origin of the Word
|-
|'''Muvhuro'''
|Muvhuro
|muˈvhuɾo
|Monday
|"Muvhuro" means "beginning" or "opening" in Shona and is used to denote the start of a new week.
|-
|'''Chipiri'''
|Chipiri
|tʃiˈpiɾi
|Tuesday
|"Chipiri" means "second" in Shona, and refers to the second day of the week.
|-
|'''Chitatu'''
|Chitatu
|tʃiˈtatʊ
|Wednesday
|"Chitatu" means "third" in Shona, and refers to the third day of the week.
|-
|'''China'''
|China
|ˈtʃina
|Thursday
|"China" means "fourth" in Shona, and refers to the fourth day of the week.
|-
|'''Chishanu'''
|Chishanu
|tʃiˈʃanu
|Friday
|"Chishanu" means "fifth" in Shona, and refers to the fifth day of the week.
|-
|'''Mugovera''' (or '''Chitanhatu''')
|Mugovera
|mu'govera
|Saturday
|"Mugovera" means "day of imparting" in Shona, it was the day when people got paid their dues for their week's work in preparation for the rest day.
"Chitanhatu" means "sixth", in some variations people did refer to the day as such.
|-
|'''Chisi'''
|Svondo (''or'' Sondo)
|ˈsvɔndo
|Sunday
|This day was originally named '''Chisi''' or "Chisiya chedu" meaning "our rest" by the Shona people. With the introduction of Christianity, it later became known as "Svondo", it derives from Afrikaans from the word '''sondag''<nowiki/>' meaning ''sunday''.
|}

== Words related to time in Shona ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Word in Shona
!Pronunciation in IPA
!Translation in English
!Origin/Notes
|-
|Nguva
|
|Time
|
|-
|Vhiki (''or'' svondo; sondo)
|
|Week
|deriving from Afrikaans
|-
|Mavhiki mbiri
|
|Bi-weekly; Fortnight
|
|-
|Rinhambo (''or'' nhambo)
|
|Hour
|
|-
|Mhindi (''or'' mineti)
|
|Minute
|
|-
|Chepiri
|
|Second
|
|-
|Chiurupiri (''or'' mirisekondi)
|
|Millisecond
|Chiurupiri follows the etymology of millisecond meaning "a thousandth of a second",
''chiuru-'' means "thousand" and ''-piri'' means "second"
|-
|Zuva
|
|Day, Sun
|
|-
|Musi
|
|Date, Day
|
|-
|Nhasi (''or'' nyamusi; nyamushi)
|
|Today
|nyamusi and nyamushi mean literally 'this date', 'current day'
|-
|Mangwana, hwedza
|maŋˈɡwana
|Tomorrow
|Literally means "morning" or "dawn."
|-
|Nezuro, zuro
|
|Yesterday
|Derives from "kunherera" which means "to walk backwards," signifying the past.
|-
|Kuseni, Mwangwanani
|
|Morning
|
|-
|Masikati
|
|Afternoon
|
|-
|Madekwana
|
|Early evening
|
|-
|Madeko, Manhoko
|
|Evening
|
|-
|Manheru
|
|Late evening
|
|-
|Vusiku (''or'' Usiku; Husiku)
|
|Night
|
|-
|Pakatipousiku
|
|Midnight
|
|-
|Nhasi manheru
|
|Tonight
|meaning literally "today night"
|-
|Gore (''or'' makei)
|
|Year
|
|-
|Nhaka
|
|This year
|
|-
|Chemakei, Chegore
|
|Annual
|meaning "of the year"
|-
|Mwedzi
|
|Month, Moon
|the Shona traditionally use a lunar calendar hence moon and month are the same
|-
|Mwaka
|
|Season
|
|-
|Kati, kanhi
|
|Period
|
|-
|Zera
|
|Age, Era
|
|-
|Gumikati (''or'' Mwakakumi)
|
|Decade, Decennium
|''zanakati'' meaning "tenth period"; ''mwakakumi'' means "tenth season"
|-
|Zanagore (''or'' Zanakati)
|
|Century
|''zanagore'' means "hundredth year"; ''zanakati'' means "hundredth period"
|-
|Wurukati (''or'' Mwakawuru)
|
|Millennium
|''wurukati'' means "thousandth period"; ''mwakawuru'' means "thousandth season"
|-
|Karenda
|
|Calendar
|
|-
|Pamberi
|
|Before
|meaning "ahead of"
|-
|Mushure
|
|After
|meaning "behind"
|-
|Zvino
|
|Now
|
|-
|Izezvi, Izvozvi
|
|Right now
|
|-
|Mazuvaese
|
|Everyday, Daily
|
|-
|KSN
|
|AM
|from kuseni meaning "morning"
|-
|MSK
|
|PM (early)
|from masikati meaning "afternoon", this is broaddaylight afternoon
|-
|MDK
|
|PM (late)
|from madekwa meaning "night; evening" , this is the dark evening/afternoon
|-
|Wachi
|
|Watch, Clock
|
|-
|Makore mazanamaviri
|
|Bicentinnial
|
|-
|Makore maviri
|
|Biennial
|
|-
|Ruambanguva (''or'' Unenanguva)
|
|Chronology
|unena-/ruamba- is the suffix ''-logy'', ''chrono-'' means "time" which is ''nguva'' in Shona
|-
| -cheruambanguva
|
|Chronologically
|
|-
|Gore remucharikwa
|
|Leap year
|
|-
|Jubheri
|
|Jubilee
|
|-
|Zoni
|
|Zone
|
|}

{{#seo:
|title=Learn the Days of the Week in Shona: A Complete Guide
|keywords=Shona, days of the week, time, calendar, language learning
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the names of the days of the week in Shona, along with their pronunciation and origin. Additionally, you'll discover more Shona words related to time, such as tomorrow, yesterday, and now. Start learning Shona today with this comprehensive guide to the days of the week!
}}

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]

Language/Shona/Grammar/The-Shona-Alphabet

2023-07-05T02:47:57Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet</div>

__TOC__

== Introduction ==

Welcome to the Shona Grammar course! In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of the Shona alphabet. The Shona language is spoken by millions of people in Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and it has a rich cultural heritage. Understanding the Shona alphabet is crucial for learning the language and communicating effectively with native speakers.

In this lesson, we will explore the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We will also discuss any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the Shona alphabet and explore the historical reasons for these differences. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic, making this lesson not only educational but also engaging and enjoyable.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the Shona alphabet and be ready to tackle more complex topics in the Shona language. So let's get started!

== The Shona Alphabet ==

The Shona alphabet consists of 29 letters, which are quite similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few key differences in pronunciation and letter combinations. Let's take a closer look at each letter of the Shona alphabet, its pronunciation, and its English translation.

=== Vowels ===
Shona has five vowel sounds which also do not change even when paired together.

* Example in English when a + i = "ai" which is forms the "eh" sound, as in 'hair', 'air', 'pair'.
** In Shona however, it is not like so, instead these vowels are still spoken as written a = ah and i = ee, so hair would be "ha-ee-r-"

It is also important to note that in Shona after every consonant sound a vowel must follow.

* Using the English words above, here is an example: '''Hair''' would be '''''hairu''''' (pronunciation: hah-ee-roo), '''Air''' would be '''''airu''''' (ah-ee-roo), and '''Pair''' would be ''pairu'' (pah-ee-roo).

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="6" |= Vowels =
|-
!Single Vowels
!Aa
!Ee
!Ii
!Oo
!Uu
|-
!Pronunciation
|ah
|eh
|ee
|oh
|oo
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Example
|'''amai'''
|'''ehe'''
|'''inini'''
|'''ona'''
|'''ungu'''
|-
!pronunc.
|ah-mah-ee
|eh-heh
|ee-nee-nee
|oh-nah
|oo-ngoo
|-
!Meaning
|mother
|yes
|me
|see
|blue
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Double vowels
!AA aa
!EE ee
!II ii
!OO oo
!UU uu
|-
!Pronunc.
|a-ah
|e-eh
|eeee
|ohwoh
|oowoo
|-
!Example
|'''Maari'''
|'''teerera'''
|'''chii'''
|'''roora'''
|'''pfuura'''
|-
!pronunc.
|Mah-ah-ri
|te-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-ra
|pfoo-oo-ra
|-
!Meaning
|Mali
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!ye
!yi
!wo
!wu
|-
!
| rowspan="5" |Y and W are
usually

omitted, but

can still be

pronounced.
|yeh
|yee
|woh
|woo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Pronunc.
|'''teyerera'''
|'''chiyi'''
|'''rowora'''
|'''pfuwuru'''
|-
|teh-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-rah
|pfoo-oo-rah
|-
!
|teh-yeh-reh-rah
|chee-yee
|roh-woh-rah
|pfoo-woo-rah
|-
!
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!
!
!vo
!vu
|-
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |The "v" can also still be pronounced.
|rovora
|pfuvura
|-
!
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|}
The most important thing to remember is that Shona is phonetic, so words are spoken as written, this also means when borrowing words from foreign languages if the word has been heard spoken it will be borrowed as spoken, example '''difficult''' would be ''dhifikawuti''. Additionally, if the word has been heard and seen as to how it is written it can change how it will be borrowed and added to the Shona language, using the world difficult again, Shona does not use L sound often, particularly in Standardized Shona. Hence, the word difficult when heard and seen it would be borrowed as ''dhifikaruti'', this is because L is presence, however, it is followed by No vowel sound, so Shona will add a vowel to it "di-ffi-cu-''lu''-ti" and in conjunction because Shona rarely utilizes the mainstream L sound, a sound closer to R is used instead.

* The word is then written using Shona alphabet dhi-fi-ka-ru-ti (dee-fee-car-roo-tee).

=== Consonants ===
The following alphabet consonants follow the standard Shona, however other Shona languages are also incorporated particularly Karanga as it is the oldest form of Shona. The Ndau alphabet is incorporated, however, click consonant sounds will be shown on a different table as click consonants are no abundant in mainstream Shona.

The '''ẋ''' is '''not''' a click sound hence it has a dot on top of it to differentiate with click words in Ndau and Karanga-dialects, this is a consonant sound found in Ndau and Karanga which is pronounced like the ''ch'' in the Scottih ''loch''. This sound is found also in Venda a language closely related to Shona. Go to examples to see everyday word examples, this sound like many sounds in Shona have are normally written incorrectly due to improper alphabet, such an example is the Shona L which is closer to R than it is to L and as a result is often written as R even though both sounds exist.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Consonants
!B
!C
!D
!F
!G
!H
!J
!K
!L
!M
!N
!N'
!P
!R
!S
!T
!V
!W
!Y
!Ẋ
!Z
! rowspan="21" |
|-
!B
|
|
|
|
|Bg
|Bh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Bv
|Bw, Bhw, Bgw, Bvw, Bẋw
|
|Bẋ
|
|-
!C
|
|
|
|
|
|Ch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Chw
|
|
|
|-
!D
|
|
|
|
|
|Dh
|
|
|Dhl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Dv, Dzv
|Dw, Dhw, Dhlw, Dyw, Dzw, Dzvw
|Dy
|
|Dz
|-
!F
|
|
|
|
|
|Fh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Fw
|
|
|
|-
!G
|
|
|
|
|
|Gh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Ghw, Gw
|
|
|
|-
!H
|
|
|
|
|
|Hh
|
|
|Hl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hw, Hhw, Hlw
|
|Hẋ
|
|-
!J
|
|
|
|
|
|Jh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Jw
|Jy
|
|
|-
!K
|
|
|
|
|
|Kh
|
|
|''Kl''
|
|
|
|
|''Kr''
|
|
|
|Khw, Kw
|
|
|
|-
!L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!M
|Mb
|
|
|
|
|Mbh, Mh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Mv
|Mbw, Mhw, Mw, Mvw
|
|
|
|-
!N
|
|
|Nd
|
|Ng
|Ndh, Ngh, Nh,
Njh, Nkh, Nth,

Nyh, Nzh
|Nj
|
|Ndhl
|
|
|N', Ny', Ng'
|
|
|
|
|Nzv
|Ndw, Ndyw (Ndhlw), Ngw,
Nhw, Njw, Nkhw, Nthw, Nw,

Nyw, Nzw, Nzvw, N'w, Ny'w, Ng'w
|Ny, Ndy (Ndhl)
|
|
|-
!P
|
|
|
|
|
|Ph
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Phw, Pw, Pẋw
|
|Pẋ
|
|-
!R
|
|
|
|
|
|Rh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Rhw, Rw, Ryw
|Ry
|
|
|-
!S
|
|Svc
|
|
|
|Sh
|
|Sk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|St
|Sv
|Shw, skw, stw, svcw, svw
|
|
|
|-
!T
|
|
|
|
|
|Th
|
|
|Thl, Tl
|
|
|
|
|
|Ts
|
|Tsv
|Thw, Tlw (Thlw), Tsw,
Tsvw, Tyw, Tẋw
|Ty
|Tẋ
|
|-
!V
|
|
|
|
|
|Vh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Vhw, Vw
|
|
|
|-
!W
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!'''Ẋ'''
|
|
|
|
|
|Ẋh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Ẋhw, Ẋw
|
|
|
|-
!Y
|
|
|
|
|
|Yh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Yw
|
|
|
|-
!Z
|
|zvc
|
|
|
|Zh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Zv
|Zhw, zw, zvw, zvcw
|
|
|
|}

=== Pronunciation Tips ===

In Shona, each letter is pronounced individually, similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few letters that have unique pronunciations or combinations. Let's take a look at some pronunciation tips for specific letters in the Shona alphabet:

- The letter "C" is pronounced as "ch," similar to the "ch" sound in "chair." For example, the word "chikafu" (food) is pronounced as "chi-KA-fu."

- The letter "G" is pronounced as a hard "g," similar to the "g" sound in "go." For example, the word "gudo" (hat) is pronounced as "GO-do."

- The letter "R" is rolled or trilled, similar to the "r" sound in Spanish or Italian. For example, the word "ruregerero" (beetle) is pronounced as "ru-re-ge-RE-ro."

- The letter "V" is pronounced as a soft "v," similar to the "v" sound in "vine." For example, the word "vana" (children) is pronounced as "va-NA."

=== Differences between Shona and English Alphabets ===

While the Shona alphabet is similar to the English alphabet, there are a few notable differences. One major difference is the absence of the letters "Q" and "X" in the Shona alphabet. Additionally, the Shona alphabet includes the letters "C," "F," "J," "R," "V," "W," "Y," and "Z," which are not present in the English alphabet.

Another important difference is the pronunciation of certain letters and combinations. As mentioned earlier, the letter "C" is pronounced as "ch" in Shona, and the letter "R" is rolled or trilled. These differences in pronunciation can sometimes pose a challenge for English speakers learning Shona, but with practice, they can be mastered.

== Cultural Insights ==

The Shona alphabet reflects the cultural heritage and history of the Shona people. The letters "C," "J," "R," and "V" were introduced to the Shona alphabet by European missionaries during the colonial era. These letters were incorporated to represent specific sounds in the Shona language that were not present in the English alphabet.

Additionally, the pronunciation of certain letters in the Shona alphabet reflects the influence of other Bantu languages spoken in the region. For example, the pronunciation of the letter "R" is similar to the pronunciation in many other Bantu languages, such as Zulu and Xhosa.

The Shona alphabet is an essential part of Shona culture and identity. Learning the alphabet not only helps in language acquisition but also deepens our understanding of the Shona people and their history. It is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the Shona language in the face of external influences.

== Exercises ==

Now that we have learned about the Shona alphabet, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises. Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned:

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu
- (b) gudo
- (c) ruregerero
- (d) vana

== Solutions ==

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu: chi-KA-fu
- (b) gudo: GO-do
- (c) ruregerero: ru-re-ge-RE-ro
- (d) vana: va-NA

== Conclusion ==

Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understanding the Shona alphabet is a crucial step in your journey to becoming proficient in the Shona language. By mastering the alphabet, you have laid a strong foundation for further language learning.

In this lesson, we explored the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We also delved into the cultural insights and historical significance of the Shona alphabet, enriching our understanding of the Shona people and their language.

Keep practicing the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation regularly to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will delve into the basic sentence structure in Shona, including subject, verb, and object order. So stay tuned and continue your exciting journey to mastering the Shona language!

{{#seo:
|title=Shona Grammar → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet
|keywords=Shona alphabet, Shona pronunciation, Shona language, Shona culture, Shona history
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understand the differences between the Shona and English alphabets, and explore the cultural and historical significance of the Shona alphabet.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language Shona language - Wikipedia]
* [http://learn101.org/shona_alphabet.php Shona Alphabet | LEARN101.ORG]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|Common Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes|Noun Classes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Question-Words|Question Words]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
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Language/Shona/Grammar/The-Shona-Alphabet

2023-07-05T02:46:55Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
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{{Shona-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet</div>

__TOC__

== Introduction ==

Welcome to the Shona Grammar course! In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of the Shona alphabet. The Shona language is spoken by millions of people in Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and it has a rich cultural heritage. Understanding the Shona alphabet is crucial for learning the language and communicating effectively with native speakers.

In this lesson, we will explore the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We will also discuss any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the Shona alphabet and explore the historical reasons for these differences. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic, making this lesson not only educational but also engaging and enjoyable.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the Shona alphabet and be ready to tackle more complex topics in the Shona language. So let's get started!

== The Shona Alphabet ==

The Shona alphabet consists of 29 letters, which are quite similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few key differences in pronunciation and letter combinations. Let's take a closer look at each letter of the Shona alphabet, its pronunciation, and its English translation.

=== Vowels ===
Shona has five vowel sounds which also do not change even when paired together.

* Example in English when a + i = "ai" which is forms the "eh" sound, as in 'hair', 'air', 'pair'.
** In Shona however, it is not like so, instead these vowels are still spoken as written a = ah and i = ee, so hair would be "ha-ee-r-"

It is also important to note that in Shona after every consonant sound a vowel must follow.

* Using the English words above, here is an example: '''Hair''' would be '''''hairu''''' (pronunciation: hah-ee-roo), '''Air''' would be '''''airu''''' (ah-ee-roo), and '''Pair''' would be ''pairu'' (pah-ee-roo).

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="6" |= Vowels =
|-
!Single Vowels
!Aa
!Ee
!Ii
!Oo
!Uu
|-
!Pronunciation
|ah
|eh
|ee
|oh
|oo
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Example
|'''amai'''
|'''ehe'''
|'''inini'''
|'''ona'''
|'''ungu'''
|-
!pronunc.
|ah-mah-ee
|eh-heh
|ee-nee-nee
|oh-nah
|oo-ngoo
|-
!Meaning
|mother
|yes
|me
|see
|blue
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Double vowels
!AA aa
!EE ee
!II ii
!OO oo
!UU uu
|-
!Pronunc.
|a-ah
|e-eh
|eeee
|ohwoh
|oowoo
|-
!Example
|'''Maari'''
|'''teerera'''
|'''chii'''
|'''roora'''
|'''pfuura'''
|-
!pronunc.
|Mah-ah-ri
|te-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-ra
|pfoo-oo-ra
|-
!Meaning
|Mali
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!ye
!yi
!wo
!wu
|-
!
| rowspan="5" |Y and W are
usually

omitted, but

can still be

pronounced.
|yeh
|yee
|woh
|woo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Pronunc.
|'''teyerera'''
|'''chiyi'''
|'''rowora'''
|'''pfuwuru'''
|-
|teh-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-rah
|pfoo-oo-rah
|-
!
|teh-yeh-reh-rah
|chee-yee
|roh-woh-rah
|pfoo-woo-rah
|-
!
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!
!
!vo
!vu
|-
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |The "v" can also still be pronounced.
|rovora
|pfuvura
|-
!
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|}
The most important thing to remember is that Shona is phonetic, so words are spoken as written, this also means when borrowing words from foreign languages if the word has been heard spoken it will be borrowed as spoken, example '''difficult''' would be ''dhifikawuti''. Additionally, if the word has been heard and seen as to how it is written it can change how it will be borrowed and added to the Shona language, using the world difficult again, Shona does not use L sound often, particularly in Standardized Shona. Hence, the word difficult when heard and seen it would be borrowed as ''dhifikaruti'', this is because L is presence, however, it is followed by No vowel sound, so Shona will add a vowel to it "di-ffi-cu-''lu''-ti" and in conjunction because Shona rarely utilizes the mainstream L sound, a sound closer to R is used instead.

* The word is then written using Shona alphabet dhi-fi-ka-ru-ti (dee-fee-car-roo-tee).

=== Consonants ===
The following alphabet consonants follow the standard Shona, however other Shona languages are also incorporated particularly Karanga as it is the oldest form of Shona. The Ndau alphabet is incorporated, however, click consonant sounds will be shown on a different table as click consonants are no abundant in mainstream Shona.

The '''ẋ''' is '''not''' a click sound hence it has a dot on top of it to differentiate with click words in Ndau and Karanga-dialects, this is a consonant sound found in Ndau and Karanga which is pronounced like the ''ch'' in the Scottih ''loch''. This sound is found also in Venda a language closely related to Shona. Go to examples to see everyday word examples, this sound like many sounds in Shona have are normally written incorrectly due to improper alphabet, such an example is the Shona L which is closer to R than it is to L and as a result is often written as R even though both sounds exist.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Consonants
!B
!C
!D
!F
!G
!H
!J
!K
!L
!M
!N
!'
!P
!R
!S
!T
!V
!W
!Y
!Ẋ
!Z
! rowspan="21" |
|-
!B
|
|
|
|
|Bg
|Bh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Bv
|Bw, Bhw, Bgw, Bvw, Bẋw
|
|Bẋ
|
|-
!C
|
|
|
|
|
|Ch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Chw
|
|
|
|-
!D
|
|
|
|
|
|Dh
|
|
|Dhl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Dv, Dzv
|Dw, Dhw, Dhlw, Dyw, Dzw, Dzvw
|Dy
|
|Dz
|-
!F
|
|
|
|
|
|Fh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Fw
|
|
|
|-
!G
|
|
|
|
|
|Gh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Ghw, Gw
|
|
|
|-
!H
|
|
|
|
|
|Hh
|
|
|Hl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hw, Hhw, Hlw
|
|Hẋ
|
|-
!J
|
|
|
|
|
|Jh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Jw
|Jy
|
|
|-
!K
|
|
|
|
|
|Kh
|
|
|''Kl''
|
|
|
|
|''Kr''
|
|
|
|Khw, Kw
|
|
|
|-
!L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!M
|Mb
|
|
|
|
|Mbh, Mh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Mv
|Mbw, Mhw, Mw, Mvw
|
|
|
|-
!N
|
|
|Nd
|
|Ng
|Ndh, Ngh, Nh,
Njh, Nkh, Nth,

Nyh, Nzh
|Nj
|
|Ndhl
|
|
|N', Ny', Ng'
|
|
|
|
|Nzv
|Ndw, Ndyw (Ndhlw), Ngw,
Nhw, Njw, Nkhw, Nthw, Nw,

Nyw, Nzw, Nzvw, N'w, Ny'w, Ng'w
|Ny, Ndy (Ndhl)
|
|
|-
!P
|
|
|
|
|
|Ph
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Phw, Pw, Pẋw
|
|Pẋ
|
|-
!R
|
|
|
|
|
|Rh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Rhw, Rw, Ryw
|Ry
|
|
|-
!S
|
|Svc
|
|
|
|Sh
|
|Sk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|St
|Sv
|Shw, skw, stw, svcw, svw
|
|
|
|-
!T
|
|
|
|
|
|Th
|
|
|Thl, Tl
|
|
|
|
|
|Ts
|
|Tsv
|Thw, Tlw (Thlw), Tsw,
Tsvw, Tyw, Tẋw
|Ty
|Tẋ
|
|-
!V
|
|
|
|
|
|Vh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Vhw, Vw
|
|
|
|-
!W
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!'''Ẋ'''
|
|
|
|
|
|Ẋh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Ẋhw, Ẋw
|
|
|
|-
!Y
|
|
|
|
|
|Yh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Yw
|
|
|
|-
!Z
|
|zvc
|
|
|
|Zh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Zv
|Zhw, zw, zvw, zvcw
|
|
|
|}

=== Pronunciation Tips ===

In Shona, each letter is pronounced individually, similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few letters that have unique pronunciations or combinations. Let's take a look at some pronunciation tips for specific letters in the Shona alphabet:

- The letter "C" is pronounced as "ch," similar to the "ch" sound in "chair." For example, the word "chikafu" (food) is pronounced as "chi-KA-fu."

- The letter "G" is pronounced as a hard "g," similar to the "g" sound in "go." For example, the word "gudo" (hat) is pronounced as "GO-do."

- The letter "R" is rolled or trilled, similar to the "r" sound in Spanish or Italian. For example, the word "ruregerero" (beetle) is pronounced as "ru-re-ge-RE-ro."

- The letter "V" is pronounced as a soft "v," similar to the "v" sound in "vine." For example, the word "vana" (children) is pronounced as "va-NA."

=== Differences between Shona and English Alphabets ===

While the Shona alphabet is similar to the English alphabet, there are a few notable differences. One major difference is the absence of the letters "Q" and "X" in the Shona alphabet. Additionally, the Shona alphabet includes the letters "C," "F," "J," "R," "V," "W," "Y," and "Z," which are not present in the English alphabet.

Another important difference is the pronunciation of certain letters and combinations. As mentioned earlier, the letter "C" is pronounced as "ch" in Shona, and the letter "R" is rolled or trilled. These differences in pronunciation can sometimes pose a challenge for English speakers learning Shona, but with practice, they can be mastered.

== Cultural Insights ==

The Shona alphabet reflects the cultural heritage and history of the Shona people. The letters "C," "J," "R," and "V" were introduced to the Shona alphabet by European missionaries during the colonial era. These letters were incorporated to represent specific sounds in the Shona language that were not present in the English alphabet.

Additionally, the pronunciation of certain letters in the Shona alphabet reflects the influence of other Bantu languages spoken in the region. For example, the pronunciation of the letter "R" is similar to the pronunciation in many other Bantu languages, such as Zulu and Xhosa.

The Shona alphabet is an essential part of Shona culture and identity. Learning the alphabet not only helps in language acquisition but also deepens our understanding of the Shona people and their history. It is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the Shona language in the face of external influences.

== Exercises ==

Now that we have learned about the Shona alphabet, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises. Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned:

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu
- (b) gudo
- (c) ruregerero
- (d) vana

== Solutions ==

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu: chi-KA-fu
- (b) gudo: GO-do
- (c) ruregerero: ru-re-ge-RE-ro
- (d) vana: va-NA

== Conclusion ==

Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understanding the Shona alphabet is a crucial step in your journey to becoming proficient in the Shona language. By mastering the alphabet, you have laid a strong foundation for further language learning.

In this lesson, we explored the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We also delved into the cultural insights and historical significance of the Shona alphabet, enriching our understanding of the Shona people and their language.

Keep practicing the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation regularly to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will delve into the basic sentence structure in Shona, including subject, verb, and object order. So stay tuned and continue your exciting journey to mastering the Shona language!

{{#seo:
|title=Shona Grammar → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet
|keywords=Shona alphabet, Shona pronunciation, Shona language, Shona culture, Shona history
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understand the differences between the Shona and English alphabets, and explore the cultural and historical significance of the Shona alphabet.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language Shona language - Wikipedia]
* [http://learn101.org/shona_alphabet.php Shona Alphabet | LEARN101.ORG]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|Common Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes|Noun Classes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Question-Words|Question Words]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Grammar/The-Shona-Alphabet

2023-07-05T02:45:20Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet</div>

__TOC__

== Introduction ==

Welcome to the Shona Grammar course! In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of the Shona alphabet. The Shona language is spoken by millions of people in Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and it has a rich cultural heritage. Understanding the Shona alphabet is crucial for learning the language and communicating effectively with native speakers.

In this lesson, we will explore the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We will also discuss any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the Shona alphabet and explore the historical reasons for these differences. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic, making this lesson not only educational but also engaging and enjoyable.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the Shona alphabet and be ready to tackle more complex topics in the Shona language. So let's get started!

== The Shona Alphabet ==

The Shona alphabet consists of 29 letters, which are quite similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few key differences in pronunciation and letter combinations. Let's take a closer look at each letter of the Shona alphabet, its pronunciation, and its English translation.

=== Vowels ===
Shona has five vowel sounds which also do not change even when paired together.

* Example in English when a + i = "ai" which is forms the "eh" sound, as in 'hair', 'air', 'pair'.
** In Shona however, it is not like so, instead these vowels are still spoken as written a = ah and i = ee, so hair would be "ha-ee-r-"

It is also important to note that in Shona after every consonant sound a vowel must follow.

* Using the English words above, here is an example: '''Hair''' would be '''''hairu''''' (pronunciation: hah-ee-roo), '''Air''' would be '''''airu''''' (ah-ee-roo), and '''Pair''' would be ''pairu'' (pah-ee-roo).

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="6" |= Vowels =
|-
!Single Vowels
!Aa
!Ee
!Ii
!Oo
!Uu
|-
!Pronunciation
|ah
|eh
|ee
|oh
|oo
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Example
|'''amai'''
|'''ehe'''
|'''inini'''
|'''ona'''
|'''ungu'''
|-
!pronunc.
|ah-mah-ee
|eh-heh
|ee-nee-nee
|oh-nah
|oo-ngoo
|-
!Meaning
|mother
|yes
|me
|see
|blue
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Double vowels
!AA aa
!EE ee
!II ii
!OO oo
!UU uu
|-
!Pronunc.
|a-ah
|e-eh
|eeee
|ohwoh
|oowoo
|-
!Example
|'''Maari'''
|'''teerera'''
|'''chii'''
|'''roora'''
|'''pfuura'''
|-
!pronunc.
|Mah-ah-ri
|te-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-ra
|pfoo-oo-ra
|-
!Meaning
|Mali
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!ye
!yi
!wo
!wu
|-
!
| rowspan="5" |Y and W are
usually

omitted, but

can still be

pronounced.
|yeh
|yee
|woh
|woo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Pronunc.
|'''teyerera'''
|'''chiyi'''
|'''rowora'''
|'''pfuwuru'''
|-
|teh-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-rah
|pfoo-oo-rah
|-
!
|teh-yeh-reh-rah
|chee-yee
|roh-woh-rah
|pfoo-woo-rah
|-
!
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!
!
!vo
!vu
|-
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |The "v" can also still be pronounced.
|rovora
|pfuvura
|-
!
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|}
The most important thing to remember is that Shona is phonetic, so words are spoken as written, this also means when borrowing words from foreign languages if the word has been heard spoken it will be borrowed as spoken, example '''difficult''' would be ''dhifikawuti''. Additionally, if the word has been heard and seen as to how it is written it can change how it will be borrowed and added to the Shona language, using the world difficult again, Shona does not use L sound often, particularly in Standardized Shona. Hence, the word difficult when heard and seen it would be borrowed as ''dhifikaruti'', this is because L is presence, however, it is followed by No vowel sound, so Shona will add a vowel to it "di-ffi-cu-''lu''-ti" and in conjunction because Shona rarely utilizes the mainstream L sound, a sound closer to R is used instead.

* The word is then written using Shona alphabet dhi-fi-ka-ru-ti (dee-fee-car-roo-tee).

=== Consonants ===
The following alphabet consonants follow the standard Shona, however other Shona languages are also incorporated particularly Karanga as it is the oldest form of Shona. The Ndau alphabet is incorporated, however, click consonant sounds will be shown on a different table as click consonants are no abundant in mainstream Shona.

The '''ẋ''' is '''not''' a click sound hence it has a dot on top of it to differentiate with click words in Ndau and Karanga-dialects, this is a consonant sound found in Ndau and Karanga which is pronounced like the ''ch'' in the Scottih ''loch''. This sound is found also in Venda a language closely related to Shona. Go to examples to see everyday word examples, this sound like many sounds in Shona have are normally written incorrectly due to improper alphabet, such an example is the Shona L which is closer to R than it is to L and as a result is often written as R even though both sounds exist.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Consonants
!B
!C
!D
!F
!G
!H
!J
!K
!L
!M
!N
!'
!P
!R
!S
!T
!V
!W
!Y
!Ẋ
!Z
! rowspan="20" |
|-
!B
|
|
|
|
|Bg
|Bh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Bv
|Bw, Bhw, Bgw, Bvw, Bẋw
|
|Bẋ
|
|-
!C
|
|
|
|
|
|Ch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Chw
|
|
|
|-
!D
|
|
|
|
|
|Dh
|
|
|Dhl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Dv, Dzv
|Dw, Dhw, Dhlw, Dyw, Dzw, Dzvw
|Dy
|
|Dz
|-
!F
|
|
|
|
|
|Fh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Fw
|
|
|
|-
!G
|
|
|
|
|
|Gh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Ghw, Gw
|
|
|
|-
!H
|
|
|
|
|
|Hh
|
|
|Hl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hw, Hhw, Hlw
|
|Hẋ
|
|-
!J
|
|
|
|
|
|Jh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Jw
|Jy
|
|
|-
!K
|
|
|
|
|
|Kh
|
|
|''Kl''
|
|
|
|
|''Kr''
|
|
|
|Khw, Kw
|
|
|
|-
!L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!M
|Mb
|
|
|
|
|Mbh, Mh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Mv
|Mbw, Mhw, Mw, Mvw
|
|
|
|-
!N
|
|
|Nd
|
|Ng
|Ndh, Ngh, Nh,
Njh, Nkh, Nth,

Nyh, Nzh
|Nj
|
|Ndhl
|
|
|N', Ny', Ng'
|
|
|
|
|Nzv
|Ndw, Ndyw (Ndhlw), Ngw,
Nhw, Njw, Nkhw, Nthw, Nw,

Nyw, Nzw, Nzvw, N'w, Ny'w, Ng'w
|Ny, Ndy (Ndhl)
|
|
|-
!P
|
|
|
|
|
|Ph
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Phw, Pw, Pẋw
|
|Pẋ
|
|-
!R
|
|
|
|
|
|Rh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Rhw, Rw, Ryw
|Ry
|
|
|-
!S
|
|Svc
|
|
|
|Sh
|
|Sk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|St
|Sv
|Shw, skw, stw, svcw, svw
|
|
|
|-
!T
|
|
|
|
|
|Th
|
|
|Thl, Tl
|
|
|
|
|
|Ts
|
|Tsv
|Thw, Tlw (Thlw), Tsw,
Tsvw, Tyw, Tẋw
|Ty
|Tẋ
|
|-
!V
|
|
|
|
|
|Vh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Vhw, Vw
|
|
|
|-
!W
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Y
|
|
|
|
|
|Yh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Yw
|
|
|
|-
!Z
|
|zvc
|
|
|
|Zh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Zv
|Zhw, zw, zvw, zvcw
|
|
|
|}

=== Pronunciation Tips ===

In Shona, each letter is pronounced individually, similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few letters that have unique pronunciations or combinations. Let's take a look at some pronunciation tips for specific letters in the Shona alphabet:

- The letter "C" is pronounced as "ch," similar to the "ch" sound in "chair." For example, the word "chikafu" (food) is pronounced as "chi-KA-fu."

- The letter "G" is pronounced as a hard "g," similar to the "g" sound in "go." For example, the word "gudo" (hat) is pronounced as "GO-do."

- The letter "R" is rolled or trilled, similar to the "r" sound in Spanish or Italian. For example, the word "ruregerero" (beetle) is pronounced as "ru-re-ge-RE-ro."

- The letter "V" is pronounced as a soft "v," similar to the "v" sound in "vine." For example, the word "vana" (children) is pronounced as "va-NA."

=== Differences between Shona and English Alphabets ===

While the Shona alphabet is similar to the English alphabet, there are a few notable differences. One major difference is the absence of the letters "Q" and "X" in the Shona alphabet. Additionally, the Shona alphabet includes the letters "C," "F," "J," "R," "V," "W," "Y," and "Z," which are not present in the English alphabet.

Another important difference is the pronunciation of certain letters and combinations. As mentioned earlier, the letter "C" is pronounced as "ch" in Shona, and the letter "R" is rolled or trilled. These differences in pronunciation can sometimes pose a challenge for English speakers learning Shona, but with practice, they can be mastered.

== Cultural Insights ==

The Shona alphabet reflects the cultural heritage and history of the Shona people. The letters "C," "J," "R," and "V" were introduced to the Shona alphabet by European missionaries during the colonial era. These letters were incorporated to represent specific sounds in the Shona language that were not present in the English alphabet.

Additionally, the pronunciation of certain letters in the Shona alphabet reflects the influence of other Bantu languages spoken in the region. For example, the pronunciation of the letter "R" is similar to the pronunciation in many other Bantu languages, such as Zulu and Xhosa.

The Shona alphabet is an essential part of Shona culture and identity. Learning the alphabet not only helps in language acquisition but also deepens our understanding of the Shona people and their history. It is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the Shona language in the face of external influences.

== Exercises ==

Now that we have learned about the Shona alphabet, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises. Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned:

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu
- (b) gudo
- (c) ruregerero
- (d) vana

== Solutions ==

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu: chi-KA-fu
- (b) gudo: GO-do
- (c) ruregerero: ru-re-ge-RE-ro
- (d) vana: va-NA

== Conclusion ==

Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understanding the Shona alphabet is a crucial step in your journey to becoming proficient in the Shona language. By mastering the alphabet, you have laid a strong foundation for further language learning.

In this lesson, we explored the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We also delved into the cultural insights and historical significance of the Shona alphabet, enriching our understanding of the Shona people and their language.

Keep practicing the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation regularly to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will delve into the basic sentence structure in Shona, including subject, verb, and object order. So stay tuned and continue your exciting journey to mastering the Shona language!

{{#seo:
|title=Shona Grammar → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet
|keywords=Shona alphabet, Shona pronunciation, Shona language, Shona culture, Shona history
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understand the differences between the Shona and English alphabets, and explore the cultural and historical significance of the Shona alphabet.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language Shona language - Wikipedia]
* [http://learn101.org/shona_alphabet.php Shona Alphabet | LEARN101.ORG]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|Common Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes|Noun Classes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Question-Words|Question Words]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Grammar/The-Shona-Alphabet

2023-07-05T02:43:58Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet</div>

__TOC__

== Introduction ==

Welcome to the Shona Grammar course! In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of the Shona alphabet. The Shona language is spoken by millions of people in Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and it has a rich cultural heritage. Understanding the Shona alphabet is crucial for learning the language and communicating effectively with native speakers.

In this lesson, we will explore the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We will also discuss any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the Shona alphabet and explore the historical reasons for these differences. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic, making this lesson not only educational but also engaging and enjoyable.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the Shona alphabet and be ready to tackle more complex topics in the Shona language. So let's get started!

== The Shona Alphabet ==

The Shona alphabet consists of 29 letters, which are quite similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few key differences in pronunciation and letter combinations. Let's take a closer look at each letter of the Shona alphabet, its pronunciation, and its English translation.

=== Vowels ===
Shona has five vowel sounds which also do not change even when paired together.

* Example in English when a + i = "ai" which is forms the "eh" sound, as in 'hair', 'air', 'pair'.
** In Shona however, it is not like so, instead these vowels are still spoken as written a = ah and i = ee, so hair would be "ha-ee-r-"

It is also important to note that in Shona after every consonant sound a vowel must follow.

* Using the English words above, here is an example: '''Hair''' would be '''''hairu''''' (pronunciation: hah-ee-roo), '''Air''' would be '''''airu''''' (ah-ee-roo), and '''Pair''' would be ''pairu'' (pah-ee-roo).

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="6" |= Vowels =
|-
!Single Vowels
!Aa
!Ee
!Ii
!Oo
!Uu
|-
!Pronunciation
|ah
|eh
|ee
|oh
|oo
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Example
|'''amai'''
|'''ehe'''
|'''inini'''
|'''ona'''
|'''ungu'''
|-
!pronunc.
|ah-mah-ee
|eh-heh
|ee-nee-nee
|oh-nah
|oo-ngoo
|-
!Meaning
|mother
|yes
|me
|see
|blue
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!Double vowels
!AA aa
!EE ee
!II ii
!OO oo
!UU uu
|-
!Pronunc.
|a-ah
|e-eh
|eeee
|ohwoh
|oowoo
|-
!Example
|'''Maari'''
|'''teerera'''
|'''chii'''
|'''roora'''
|'''pfuura'''
|-
!pronunc.
|Mah-ah-ri
|te-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-ra
|pfoo-oo-ra
|-
!Meaning
|Mali
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!ye
!yi
!wo
!wu
|-
!
| rowspan="5" |Y and W are
usually

omitted, but

can still be

pronounced.
|yeh
|yee
|woh
|woo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Pronunc.
|'''teyerera'''
|'''chiyi'''
|'''rowora'''
|'''pfuwuru'''
|-
|teh-eh-reh-rah
|chee-ee
|roh-oh-rah
|pfoo-oo-rah
|-
!
|teh-yeh-reh-rah
|chee-yee
|roh-woh-rah
|pfoo-woo-rah
|-
!
|listen
|what
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
!"omitted" sounds
!
!
!
!vo
!vu
|-
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |The "v" can also still be pronounced.
|rovora
|pfuvura
|-
!
|traditional marriage
|pass by
|-
! colspan="6" |
|}
The most important thing to remember is that Shona is phonetic, so words are spoken as written, this also means when borrowing words from foreign languages if the word has been heard spoken it will be borrowed as spoken, example '''difficult''' would be ''dhifikawuti''. Additionally, if the word has been heard and seen as to how it is written it can change how it will be borrowed and added to the Shona language, using the world difficult again, Shona does not use L sound often, particularly in Standardized Shona. Hence, the word difficult when heard and seen it would be borrowed as ''dhifikaruti'', this is because L is presence, however, it is followed by No vowel sound, so Shona will add a vowel to it "di-ffi-cu-''lu''-ti" and in conjunction because Shona rarely utilizes the mainstream L sound, a sound closer to R is used instead.

* The word is then written using Shona alphabet dhi-fi-ka-ru-ti (dee-fee-car-roo-tee).

=== Consonants ===
The following alphabet consonants follow the standard Shona, however other Shona languages are also incorporated particularly Karanga as it is the oldest form of Shona. The Ndau alphabet is incorporated, however, click consonant sounds will be shown on a different table as click consonants are no abundant in mainstream Shona.

The '''ẋ''' is '''not''' a click sound hence it has a dot on top of it to differentiate with click words in Ndau and Karanga-dialects, this is a consonant sound found in Ndau and Karanga which is pronounced like the ''ch'' in the Scottih ''loch''. This sound is found also in Venda a language closely related to Shona. Go to examples to see everyday word examples, this sound like many sounds in Shona have are normally written incorrectly due to improper alphabet, such an example is the Shona L which is closer to R than it is to L and as a result is often written as R even though both sounds exist.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Consonants
!B
!C
!D
!F
!G
!H
!J
!K
!L
!M
!N
!'
!P
!R
!S
!T
!V
!W
!Y
!Ẋ
!Z
! rowspan="20" |
|-
!B
|
|
|
|
|Bg
|Bh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Bv
|Bw, Bhw, Bgw, Bvw, Bẋw
|
|Bẋ
|
|-
!C
|
|
|
|
|
|Ch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Chw
|
|
|
|-
!D
|
|
|
|
|
|Dh
|
|
|Dhl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Dv, Dzv
|Dw, Dhw, Dhlw, Dyw, Dzw, Dzvw
|Dy
|
|Dz
|-
!F
|
|
|
|
|
|Fh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Fw
|
|
|
|-
!G
|
|
|
|
|
|Gh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Ghw, Gw
|
|
|
|-
!H
|
|
|
|
|
|Hh
|
|
|Hl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hw, Hhw, Hlw
|
|hẋ
|
|-
!J
|
|
|
|
|
|Jh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Jw
|Jy
|
|
|-
!K
|
|
|
|
|
|Kh
|
|
|''Kl''
|
|
|
|
|''Kr''
|
|
|
|Khw, Kw
|
|
|
|-
!L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!M
|Mb
|
|
|
|
|Mbh, Mh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Mv
|Mbw, Mhw, Mw, Mvw
|
|
|
|-
!N
|
|
|Nd
|
|Ng
|Ndh, Ngh, Nh,
Njh, Nkh, Nth,

Nyh, Nzh
|Nj
|
|Ndhl
|
|
|N', Ny', Ng'
|
|
|
|
|Nzv
|Ndw, Ndyw (Ndhlw), Ngw,
Nhw, Njw, Nkhw, Nthw, Nw,

Nyw, Nzw, Nzvw, N'w, Ny'w, Ng'w
|Ny, Ndy (Ndhl)
|
|
|-
!P
|
|
|
|
|
|Ph
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Phw, Pw, Pẋw
|Pẋ
|
|
|-
!R
|
|
|
|
|
|Rh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Rhw, Rw, Ryw
|Ry
|
|
|-
!S
|
|Svc
|
|
|
|Sh
|
|Sk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|St
|Sv
|Shw, skw, stw, svcw, svw
|
|
|
|-
!T
|
|
|
|
|
|Th
|
|
|Thl, Tl
|
|
|
|
|
|Ts
|
|Tsv
|Thw, Tlw (Thlw), Tsw,
Tsvw, Tyw, Tẋw
|Ty
|Tẋ
|
|-
!V
|
|
|
|
|
|Vh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Vhw, Vw
|
|
|
|-
!W
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Y
|
|
|
|
|
|Yh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Yw
|
|
|
|-
!Z
|
|zvc
|
|
|
|Zh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Zv
|Zhw, zw, zvw, zvcw
|
|
|
|}

=== Pronunciation Tips ===

In Shona, each letter is pronounced individually, similar to the English alphabet. However, there are a few letters that have unique pronunciations or combinations. Let's take a look at some pronunciation tips for specific letters in the Shona alphabet:

- The letter "C" is pronounced as "ch," similar to the "ch" sound in "chair." For example, the word "chikafu" (food) is pronounced as "chi-KA-fu."

- The letter "G" is pronounced as a hard "g," similar to the "g" sound in "go." For example, the word "gudo" (hat) is pronounced as "GO-do."

- The letter "R" is rolled or trilled, similar to the "r" sound in Spanish or Italian. For example, the word "ruregerero" (beetle) is pronounced as "ru-re-ge-RE-ro."

- The letter "V" is pronounced as a soft "v," similar to the "v" sound in "vine." For example, the word "vana" (children) is pronounced as "va-NA."

=== Differences between Shona and English Alphabets ===

While the Shona alphabet is similar to the English alphabet, there are a few notable differences. One major difference is the absence of the letters "Q" and "X" in the Shona alphabet. Additionally, the Shona alphabet includes the letters "C," "F," "J," "R," "V," "W," "Y," and "Z," which are not present in the English alphabet.

Another important difference is the pronunciation of certain letters and combinations. As mentioned earlier, the letter "C" is pronounced as "ch" in Shona, and the letter "R" is rolled or trilled. These differences in pronunciation can sometimes pose a challenge for English speakers learning Shona, but with practice, they can be mastered.

== Cultural Insights ==

The Shona alphabet reflects the cultural heritage and history of the Shona people. The letters "C," "J," "R," and "V" were introduced to the Shona alphabet by European missionaries during the colonial era. These letters were incorporated to represent specific sounds in the Shona language that were not present in the English alphabet.

Additionally, the pronunciation of certain letters in the Shona alphabet reflects the influence of other Bantu languages spoken in the region. For example, the pronunciation of the letter "R" is similar to the pronunciation in many other Bantu languages, such as Zulu and Xhosa.

The Shona alphabet is an essential part of Shona culture and identity. Learning the alphabet not only helps in language acquisition but also deepens our understanding of the Shona people and their history. It is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the Shona language in the face of external influences.

== Exercises ==

Now that we have learned about the Shona alphabet, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises. Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned:

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu
- (b) gudo
- (c) ruregerero
- (d) vana

== Solutions ==

1. Match the Shona letter with its corresponding English translation:

- A. a
- B. b
- C. ch
- D. d
- E. e
- F. f
- G. g
- H. h
- I. i
- J. j
- K. k
- M. m
- N. n
- O. o
- P. p
- R. r
- S. s
- T. t
- U. u
- V. v
- W. w
- Y. y
- Z. z

2. Write down the correct pronunciation of the following Shona words:
- (a) chikafu: chi-KA-fu
- (b) gudo: GO-do
- (c) ruregerero: ru-re-ge-RE-ro
- (d) vana: va-NA

== Conclusion ==

Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understanding the Shona alphabet is a crucial step in your journey to becoming proficient in the Shona language. By mastering the alphabet, you have laid a strong foundation for further language learning.

In this lesson, we explored the Shona alphabet in detail, including its pronunciation and the differences between the Shona and English alphabets. We also delved into the cultural insights and historical significance of the Shona alphabet, enriching our understanding of the Shona people and their language.

Keep practicing the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation regularly to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will delve into the basic sentence structure in Shona, including subject, verb, and object order. So stay tuned and continue your exciting journey to mastering the Shona language!

{{#seo:
|title=Shona Grammar → Introduction to Shona → The Shona Alphabet
|keywords=Shona alphabet, Shona pronunciation, Shona language, Shona culture, Shona history
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Shona alphabet and its pronunciation. Understand the differences between the Shona and English alphabets, and explore the cultural and historical significance of the Shona alphabet.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language Shona language - Wikipedia]
* [http://learn101.org/shona_alphabet.php Shona Alphabet | LEARN101.ORG]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|Common Prepositions]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes|Noun Classes]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Question-Words|Question Words]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members

2023-07-05T01:13:03Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Next Lesson — Describing Relationships ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Family and Relationships → Family Members</div>

__TOC__

==Introduction==

Welcome to the family members lesson in our Complete 0 to A1 Shona Course! In this lesson, we will learn the Shona words for various family members and how to talk about your family.

Family is an important part of Shona culture, and there are many specific terms for different family members. Understanding these terms will help you communicate more effectively with native Shona speakers and gain insights into the culture.

Let's get started!

After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]].
==Shona Vocabulary - Family Members==

Here are the most common words for family members in Shona:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Note: '''Ɀ ɀ [commonly "-zv"], Ȿ ȿ [ commonly "-sv"] are whistled sibilants, videos may be necessary for proper pronunciations)'''
Note: ɗ [commonly "d" (NOT dh)], is soft-click, videos may also be necessary for proper pronunciations)

Note: '''Ɓ''' '''ɓ [commonly "b"], is an implosive "popping" letter, videos may be necessary for proper pronunciations)'''
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
!
|-
! colspan="4" |General terms
|-
|Mhuri
|mm-hoo-ree
|family
|
|-
|Hama
|ha-ma
|relatives
|
|-
|Dzinza
|dzee-nza
|bloodline, line of descent
|
|-
|Tateguru
|ta-te-goo-roo
|male ancestor
|''tate'' means father in Shona
|-
|Teteguru
|te-te-goo-roo
|female ancestor
|''tete'' means aunt in Shona
|-
|Sekuru; Tatemukuru
|se-koo-roo
|grandfather
|
|-
|Ambuya; Gogo
|ah-mm-boo-ya; go-go
|grandmother
|
|-
|Sekurwana
|se-koo-rua-na
|uncle older than yourself
|
|-
|Mukororo
|moo-ko-ro-ro
|son
|
|-
|Murumbwana
|moo-room-bua-na
|son; a boy whom a woman breastfed
|
|-
|Mwanakomana
|moo-ah-na-ko-ma-na
|baby boy
|term of endearment by parent
|-
|Mukunda
|moo-koon-da
|daughter
|
|-
|Mwanasikana
|moo-ah-na-see-ka-na
|baby girl
|term of endearment by parent
|-
|Muzukuru
|moo-zoo-koo-roo
|nephew; neice
|
|-
|Hanzvadzi
|ha-nɀa-dzee ('''WHISTLED''')
|sibling(s)
|
|-
|Hanzvadzisikana
(''also'' hanzvadzikadzi)
|ha-nɀa-dzee-see-ka-na
(ha-nɀa-dzee-ka-dzee)
|female sibling(s); sister
|
|-
|Taita (''also'' sisi)
|Ta-ee-ta (see-see)
|sister (of any age)
|
|-
|Wakoma (''also'' Makoma)
|wa-k-ma (ma-ko-ma)
|older sister
|
|-
|Murongoti
|moo-ron-go-tee
|sister (as referred by brother)
|very old Shona.
|-
|Hanzvadzidoko
|ha-nɀa-dzee-ɗo-ko ('''SOFT CLICK''')
|younger sibling(s)
|
|-
|Munin'ina
|moo-neeng-ee-na
|younger sibling of the same sex
|a girl would call her younger sister munin'ina
but, a guy would call his younger brother munin'ina
|-
|Munun'una
|moo-noong'''-'''oo-na
|younger sibling of the opposite sex
|a girl would call her younger brother munun'una
but, a guy would call his younger sister munun'una
|-
|Hanzvadzikomana
(''also'' hanzvadzirume)
|
|male sibling; brother
|
|-
|Mukoma (''also'' bhudhi)
|moo-ko-ma, (boo-dee)
|older brother
|
|-
|Mwana
|moo-ah-na
|child
|also note, that the children of one's aunt are your children
|-
|Kazi
|ka-zee
|cousin (from English)
|Shona does not do cousins, but this term can be used.
|-
! colspan="4" |Paternal family
|-
|Baba (''also'' Bambo, Tate)
|
|father
|
|-
|Bambo
|
|uncles, in general
|it means "fathers"
father's brothers are also your father
|-
|Babamukuru (Ba'mkuru)
|
|older brother of one's father
|meaning "older father"
|-
|Babamunini (Ba'munini)
(''also'' babamudiki)
|
|younger brother of one's father
|meaning "younger father"
|-
|Tete

* babakadzi; bambomukunda
* sangadzi, samukadzi)
|
|aunt; your father's sisters
"female father"
|father's sisters have a strong role in Shona families
''Sa-'' is a prefix for men

* (whereas ''Nya-'' is usually used for women)
|-
|Amai
|
|the female child of your mother's brother
|
|-
! colspan="4" |Maternal family
|-
|Amai
|
|mother
|
|-
|Maiguru
|
|older sister of mother
|meaning "older mum"
|-
|Mainini
|
|younger sister of mother
|meaning "younger mum"
|-
|Sekuru ''or'' Samukuru
|
|mother's brothers
|this is because children of the mother belong to the father's side

* by using "sekuru" for mother's brother it puts that blood distance
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| baba || bah-bah || father
|-
| amai || ah-mah-ee || mother
|-
| mwana || m-wah-nah || child
|-
| mwana wamai || m-wah-nah wah-mah-ee || mother's child
|-
| mwana wababa || m-wah-nah wah-bah-bah || father's child
|-
| Tsano || ts-a-no || brother-in-law or sister-in-law
|-
| mwana || m-wah-nah|| grandchild
|-
| sekuru || seh-koo-roo || grandfather
|-
| Mbuya || m-b-u-ya || grandmother
|-
| mukwasha || mook-wah-shah || son-in-law (husband of daughter)
|-
| munyai || moo-nye-eye || marriage negotiator
|-

==Talking About Family in Shona==

Now that we know the words for different family members, let's learn how to use them in sentences.

===Introducing Your Family===

Here's an example conversation:

Shona: Ndini Tinashe. Zita ravakadzi rangu Anesu, zita ra baba vangu Gift, nezita raamai vangu Nomatter.
English: I am Tinashe. My daughter's name is Anesu, my father's name is Gift, and my mother's name is Nomatter.

Some other helpful phrases for introducing your family:

* Ini ndiri mwana weGift. (I am Gift's child.)
* Imai yangu vanonzi Nomatter. (My mother's name is Nomatter.)
* Baba vangu vanonzi Tapiwa. (My father's name is Tapiwa.)

===Asking About Someone's Family===

If you want to ask someone about their family, you can use the following questions:

* Vana vako vari kune? (Do you have children?)
* Vana vako vanoshanda here? (Do your children work?)
* Unonzwa Here nevana vako? (How are your children?)

==Cultural Insights==

Family is an incredibly important part of Shona culture, and the family unit extends beyond immediate family members. Extended family, including aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents, are considered just as important as immediate family.

When a Shona person greets someone, it is common to ask about their family as a way of showing interest and concern. Being part of a family is seen as a source of pride, support, and identity. It is also traditional for younger family members to show respect to their elders by using specific titles such as amai (mother) and sekuru (grandfather).

==Conclusion==

In this lesson, we learned the Shona words for different family members and how to talk about your family. Through understanding these words and phrases, we can gain valuable insights into Shona culture and communicate more effectively with native speakers. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to talk about your family in Shona with ease!

With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]].
{{#seo:
|title=Shona Vocabulary → Family and Relationships → Family Members
|keywords=Shona, Shona vocabulary, family members in Shona, introducing family in Shona, talking about family in Shona, Shona culture
|description=Learn the Shona words for various family members and how to talk about your family in this Shona vocabulary lesson. Gain insights into Shona culture and communicate more effectively with native speakers.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Videos==

===Ep5 || How to read and speak Shona for kids|| Family members ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTOaLKFr2ZM</youtube>

===8 IMPORTANT SHONA FAMILY WORDS YOU SHOULD KNOW ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsqaoZr4FfY</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|Telling Time]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Modes of Transportation]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50811721-my-family-in-shona My Family in Shona: Translate Shona-English by Kasahorow ...]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Family-Shona-Translate-Shona-English-kasahorow/dp/1076300316 My Family in Shona: Translate Shona-English (Shona kasahorow ...]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/family-in-shona/ Family in Shona – Resources for Self-Instructional Learners of Less ...]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Next Lesson — Describing Relationships ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time

2023-06-14T13:54:50Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Telling Time</div>

__TOC__

Learning how to tell time in Shona is an essential skill for anyone looking to communicate effectively in the language. Shona, the most widely spoken Bantu language, uses a similar time-telling system as English. However, learning the basics of the Shona time-telling system is still necessary for communication, and it's also a great way to learn about the Shona culture. In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Shona, including hours and minutes.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]].
== Telling Time in Shona ==

In Shona, like in English, there are two types of clocks used: digital and analog. The analog clock is commonly used in most parts of the world, but the digital clock is more precise and more common in the modern world. In Shona, both types of clocks use the same time-telling system as English, which is the 12-hour system. The majority of Shona speakers, however, do not write out military or 24-hour time.

=== Shona hours ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!Translation
!Time
|-
|Mambakwedza / Mashambanzou
|
|
|4:00 - 4:59am
|-
|Runyanhiriri / Mufuramhembwe
|
|
|5:00 - 5:59am
|-
|Mazambambira
|
|
|6:00 - 9:59am
|-
|Madziyamushanda / rudziyakamwe
|
|the heat of early morning light
|10:00 - 11:59am
|-
|Masikati [rurovanhongonya]
|
|mid-day
|12:00 - 14:59pm
|-
|Madeukira
|
|the time when the sun has moved from the center
|15:00 - 16:59pm
|-
|Rufuramhembwe [madekwana]
|
|proper evening; similar to ''mafuramhembwe'' of morning.
|17:00 - 17:59pm
|-
|Rukunzvikunzvi
|
|
|18:00 - 18:59pm
|-
|Ruvhunzavaeni [manhoko]
|
|
|19:00 - 19:59pm
|-
|Husiku
|
|
|20:00pm - 3:59am
|}

=== Hours using O'clock ===

The Shona language uses numbers to tell time in hours. The hours from 1 AM to 12 PM are the same as those in English.

AM (ante meridiem) meaning "before the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemangwanani" or "dzemakuseni" (both meaning "of the morning").

* Hence AM, will be KSN to remind readers that "dzekuseni" is the proper way of conversing in Shona in order to be understood.

PM (post meridiem) meaning "after the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemasikati" (of the afternoon) when closer to the afternoon or "dzemadekwa/ dzemadokwa" (of the evening) as it gets darker.

* Hence PM, will be MSK and/or MDKthis is to different between the two "afternoons", there is the broad daylight afternoon "masikati (MSK)" and the evening-to-dark afternoon "madekwa/madokwa(MDK)"

In the following reading please be aware that the "nh" sound in Shona is unlike the "n" sound in English and Shona, and must always be written with an "h" otherwise the word changes meaning. The letter "h" is used to form heavier breathy sounds, you can find it in dh, nh, mh, bh etcetera.

# Additionally, the "va" in ''nguva'' is implosive and is neither a "v" or "w", however, it is better to replace it with W as other languages of Shona do use "Wa" in place of "Va". So ''nguva'' can in-fact be ''nguwa''.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| nguva (12:00KSN) || ngoo-wa || time (12.00AM)
|-
|nhambo/awa
|nn-ha-mm-bo / ah-wah
|hour
|-
| kumamotsi || ku-ma-mo-tsee || one o'clock
|-
| kumaviri/kumapiri || koo-ma-wee-ree/koo-ma-pee-ree || two o'clock
|-
| kumatatu || koo-ma-ta-too || three o'clock
|-
| kumaina || koo-ma-ee-na || four o'clock
|-
| kumashanu || koo-ma-sha-noo || five o'clock
|-
| kumatanhatu || koo-ma-ta-nn-ha-too || six o'clock
|-
| kumanomwe || koo-ma-no-mm-we || seven o'clock
|-
| kumasere || koo-ma-se-re || eight o'clock
|-
| kumapfumbamwe || koo-ma-pfoom-ba-mm-we || nine o'clock
|-
| kumagumi || koo-ma-goo-mee || ten o'clock
|-
| kumaguminerimwe || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-ree-mm-we|| eleven o'clock
|-
| kumaguminembiri || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-mm-bee-ree || twelve o'clock
|-
|nhambo (1:00MSK nemberi)
|nn-ha-mm-bo
|hour (1:00PM onwards)
|-
| nguva (5:00MDK nemberi) || ngoo-wa || time (5.00PM onwards)
|}

=== Time portion ===

==== Minutes ====
A minute in Shona can be translated as '''mhindi''' or if following English as '''mineti'''. Minutes are usually not pronounced in numbers; "past" and "to" are used instead.

* "Past" is translated as "kupfuura", which means "passing". For instance, if it is 3:10 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kupfuura nhambo-ritatu" or "mamhindi makumi kupfuura awa-ritatu" (trans. ten minutes passing the third-hour).

* "To" is translated as "kusvika", which can be compared to the English word "to arrive to/until". For instance, if it is 3:50 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo-rina" (trans. ten minutes until the fourth hour) or "nhambo-ritatu nemamhindi makumimashanu" (trans. the third hour and fifty minutes; "three-fifty" basically).

It's important to note here that the word "kusvika" can be omitted as in the second example.

==== Seconds ====
In Shona a second is '''chepiri''' or '''sekondi''' using the English borrowed term.

* 3:10:02 (three hours ten minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumi nezvepiri zviviri"
* 3:50:02 (three hours fifty minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumimashanu nezvepiri zviviri".

==== Half-past ====
The term half-past is translated in Shona as '''chidimbu-'''kupfuura, although ''kupfuura'' can actually be omitted as ''chidimbu'' tells you that you are midway of the hour.

* 6:30am would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo ritanhatu rekuseni (6:30ksn)" or "chidimbu chemamhambo matanhatu" (trans. half of the sixth hour of the morning)
* 1:30pm would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo rimwe remasikati (1:30msk)" (trans. half of the first hour of the afternoon)

==== Quarter-to and Quarter-past ====
The term quarter-to in Shona can be translated two ways '''chipandi-kusvika.'''

* 10:45am would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo reguminerimwe rekuseni (10:45ksn)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 11th hour in the morning)
* 12:45pm would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo regumimbiri remasikati (12:45msk)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 12th hour in the afternoon)

The term quarter-past in Shona can translated two ways as well '''chipanda-kupfuura.'''

* 9:15am would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe kumakuseni (9:15ksn)" (trans. a quarter passing the 9th hour of the morning)
* 11:15pm would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo reguminerimwe remadokwa(11:15mdk)" (trans. a quarter passing the 11th hour of the night)

=== Examples ===

Here are a few examples of how to tell time in Shona:

* 5:45 is "chipandi kusvika nhambo rechitanhatu" (trans. quarter until the 6th hour)

* 10:30 is "chidimbu chenhambo rechigumi"

* 12:15 is "chipandi kupfuura nhambo regumimbiri"

* 1:50 is "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo ripiri" (trans. 10 minutes to arrive to the 2nd hour)

* 9:20 is "mamhindi gumi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe" (trans. 20 minutes passing/since the 9th hour)
*2:02 is "mamhindi mairi kupfuura nhambo ripiri"

== Conclusion ==

Learning how to tell time in Shona is a crucial skill for anyone who wishes to communicate in Shona. It enables efficient communication and provides an insight into a culture that is deeply rooted in its traditions. By learning the basics of Shona time-telling, you can expand your knowledge of the language and potentially use it to impress Shona speakers you meet.

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Describing Relationships]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Introducing Yourself]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Talking-about-Money|Talking about Money]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Family Members]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Shona Shona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Chishona Chishona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time

2023-06-14T13:52:08Z

Masiziva: fixing spelling

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Telling Time</div>

__TOC__

Learning how to tell time in Shona is an essential skill for anyone looking to communicate effectively in the language. Shona, the most widely spoken Bantu language, uses a similar time-telling system as English. However, learning the basics of the Shona time-telling system is still necessary for communication, and it's also a great way to learn about the Shona culture. In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Shona, including hours and minutes.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]].
== Telling Time in Shona ==

In Shona, like in English, there are two types of clocks used: digital and analog. The analog clock is commonly used in most parts of the world, but the digital clock is more precise and more common in the modern world. In Shona, both types of clocks use the same time-telling system as English, which is the 12-hour system. The majority of Shona speakers, however, do not write out military or 24-hour time.

=== Shona hours ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!Translation
!Time
|-
|Mambakwedza / Mashambanzou
|
|
|4:00 - 4:59am
|-
|Runyanhiriri / Mufuramhembwe
|
|
|5:00 - 5:59am
|-
|Mazambambira
|
|
|6:00 - 9:59am
|-
|Madziyamushanda / rudziyakamwe
|
|the heat of early morning light
|10:00 - 11:59am
|-
|Masikati [rurovanhongonya]
|
|mid-day
|12:00 - 14:59pm
|-
|Madeukira
|
|the time when the sun has moved from the center
|15:00 - 16:59pm
|-
|Rufuramhembwe [madekwana]
|
|proper evening; similar to ''mafuramhembwe'' of morning.
|17:00 - 17:59pm
|-
|Rukunzvikunzvi
|
|
|18:00 - 18:59pm
|-
|Ruvhunzavaeni [manhoko]
|
|
|19:00 - 19:59pm
|-
|Husiku
|
|
|20:00pm - 3:59am
|}

=== Hours using O'clock ===

The Shona language uses numbers to tell time in hours. The hours from 1 AM to 12 PM are the same as those in English.

AM (ante meridiem) meaning "before the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemangwanani" or "dzemakuseni" (both meaning "of the morning").

* Hence for AM, will be KSN to remind readers that "dzekuseni" is the proper way of conversing in Shona in order to be understood.

PM (post meridiem) meaning "after the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemasikati" (of the afternoon) when closer to the afternoon or "dzemadekwa/ dzemadokwa" (of the evening) as it gets darker.

* Hence PM, will be MSK and/or MDKthis is to different between the two "afternoons", there is the broad daylight afternoon "masikati (MSK)" and the evening-to-dark afternoon "madekwa/madokwa(MDK)"

In the following reading please be aware that the "nh" sound in Shona is unlike the "n" sound in English and Shona, and must always be written with an "h" otherwise the word changes meaning. The letter "h" is used to form heavier breathy sounds, you can find it in dh, nh, mh, bh etcetera.

# Additionally, the "va" in ''nguva'' is implosive and is neither a "v" or "w", however, it is better to replace it with W as other languages of Shona do use "Wa" in place of "Va". So ''nguva'' can in-fact be ''nguwa''.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| nguva (12:00KSN) || ngoo-wa || time (12.00AM)
|-
|nhambo/awa
|nn-ha-mm-bo / ah-wah
|hour
|-
| kumamotsi || ku-ma-mo-tsee || one o'clock
|-
| kumaviri/kumapiri || koo-ma-wee-ree/koo-ma-pee-ree || two o'clock
|-
| kumatatu || koo-ma-ta-too || three o'clock
|-
| kumaina || koo-ma-ee-na || four o'clock
|-
| kumashanu || koo-ma-sha-noo || five o'clock
|-
| kumatanhatu || koo-ma-ta-nha-too || six o'clock
|-
| kumanomwe || koo-ma-no-mm-we || seven o'clock
|-
| kumasere || koo-ma-se-re || eight o'clock
|-
| kumapfumbamwe || koo-ma-pfoo-mba-mm-we || nine o'clock
|-
| kumagumi || koo-ma-goo-mee || ten o'clock
|-
| kumaguminerimwe || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-ree-mm-we|| eleven o'clock
|-
| kumaguminembiri || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-mm-bee-ree || twelve o'clock
|-
|nhambo (1:00MSK nemberi)
|nn-ha-mm-bo
|hour (1:00PM onwards)
|-
| nguva (5:00MDK nemberi) || ngoo-wa || time (5.00PM onwards)
|}

=== Time portion ===

==== Minutes ====
A minute in Shona can be translated as '''mhindi''' or if following English as '''mineti'''. Minutes are usually not pronounced in numbers; "past" and "to" are used instead.

* "Past" is translated as "kupfuura", which means "passing". For instance, if it is 3:10 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kupfuura nhambo-ritatu" or "mamhindi makumi kupfuura awa-ritatu" (trans. ten minutes passing the third-hour).

* "To" is translated as "kusvika", which can be compared to the English word "to arrive to/until". For instance, if it is 3:50 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo-rina" (trans. ten minutes until the fourth hour) or "nhambo-ritatu nemamhindi makumimashanu" (trans. the third hour and fifty minutes; "three-fifty" basically).

It's important to note here that the word "kusvika" can be omitted as in the second example.

==== Seconds ====
In Shona a second is '''chepiri''' or '''sekondi''' using the English borrowed term.

* 3:10:02 (three hours ten minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumi nezvepiri zviviri"
* 3:50:02 (three hours fifty minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumimashanu nezvepiri zviviri".

==== Half-past ====
The term half-past is translated in Shona as '''chidimbu-'''kupfuura, although ''kupfuura'' can actually be omitted as ''chidimbu'' tells you that you are midway of the hour.

* 6:30am would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo ritanhatu rekuseni (6:30ksn)" or "chidimbu chemamhambo matanhatu" (trans. half of the sixth hour of the morning)
* 1:30pm would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo rimwe remasikati (1:30msk)" (trans. half of the first hour of the afternoon)

==== Quarter-to and Quarter-past ====
The term quarter-to in Shona can be translated two ways '''chipandi-kusvika.'''

* 10:45am would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo reguminerimwe rekuseni (10:45ksn)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 11th hour in the morning)
* 12:45pm would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo regumimbiri remasikati (12:45msk)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 12th hour in the afternoon)

The term quarter-past in Shona can translated two ways as well '''chipanda-kupfuura.'''

* 9:15am would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe kumakuseni (9:15ksn)" (trans. a quarter passing the 9th hour of the morning)
* 11:15pm would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo reguminerimwe remadokwa(11:15mdk)" (trans. a quarter passing the 11th hour of the night)

=== Examples ===

Here are a few examples of how to tell time in Shona:

* 5:45 is "chipandi kusvika nhambo rechitanhatu" (trans. quarter until the 6th hour)

* 10:30 is "chidimbu chenhambo rechigumi"

* 12:15 is "chipandi kupfuura nhambo regumimbiri"

* 1:50 is "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo ripiri" (trans. 10 minutes to arrive to the 2nd hour)

* 9:20 is "mamhindi gumi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe" (trans. 20 minutes passing/since the 9th hour)
*2:02 is "mamhindi mairi kupfuura nhambo ripiri"

== Conclusion ==

Learning how to tell time in Shona is a crucial skill for anyone who wishes to communicate in Shona. It enables efficient communication and provides an insight into a culture that is deeply rooted in its traditions. By learning the basics of Shona time-telling, you can expand your knowledge of the language and potentially use it to impress Shona speakers you meet.

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Describing Relationships]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Introducing Yourself]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Talking-about-Money|Talking about Money]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Family Members]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Shona Shona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Chishona Chishona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself

2023-06-14T13:48:56Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Common-Greetings|◀️ Common Greetings — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes|Next Lesson — Noun Classes ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Greetings and Introductions → Introducing Yourself</div>

__TOC__

Shona is a Bantu language, spoken by approximately 10 million people primarily in Zimbabwe, but also in Mozambique and Zambia. Learning Shona is essential for communicating with Shona-speaking people and understanding their culture. In this lesson, you will learn the Shona vocabulary for introducing yourself and asking for someone's name.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Health|Health]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]].
== Greetings ==

Before introducing yourself, it is essential to know how to greet someone in Shona. Greetings are an essential part of Shona culture, and it is essential to use the correct greeting in each situation.

=== Common Greetings ===

The most common greeting in Shona is "Mhoro" (pronounced "Mor-ro"), which means "Hello." Here are some common Shona greetings:

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| Mhoro || Mor-ro || Hello
|-
| Wakadii? || Wa-ka-ɗee || How are you?
|-
| Ndinokwanisa kugara here? || Ndee-no-kua-nee-sa koo-ga-ra he-re || May I sit down?
|-
| Uri ani? || Oo-ree a-nee? || Who are you?
|-
| Mushe, maitabasa. || Moo-she, ma-ee-ta-ɓa-sa. || Fine, thank you
|}

=== Introducing Yourself ===

Once you have greeted someone, you can introduce yourself. In Shona, "My name is" is "Zita rangu ndinonzi" (pronounced "Zi-ta ran-gu n-di-non-zi"). Here is an example of how to introduce yourself in Shona:

- Ndini *(Your name)*. Zita rangu rinoitwa *(Your name)*. *(Translation: I am called *(Your name)*. My name is *(Your name)*)*

Note that "Ndini" means "I am" and is optional. Here are some common phrases related to introducing oneself:

* Ndini *(Your name)*. Zita rangu ndinonzi *(Your name)*. *(Translation: I am *(Your name)*. My name is *(Your name)*)*
* Ndirikuda kumbozvisungirira. *(Translation: I would like to introduce myself)*
* Ndirikuda kuda kutaurirana nawe. *(Translation: I would like to have a conversation with you)*
* Ndiri mu *place where you are from*. *(Translation: I am from *place where you are from*)*

=== Asking for Someone's Name ===

If you want to ask for someone's name, you can use the phrase "Ndeipi zita rako?" (pronounced "N-dei-pi zi-ta ra-ko"), which means "What is your name?" Here are some examples:

- Ndeipi zita rako? *(Translation: What is your name?)*
- Zita rako ndiri kubatanidza newe? *(Translation: Can I have your name?)*
- Ndi *Your name*. Ndeipi zita rako? *(Translation: I am *(Your name)*. What is your name?)*

It is polite to accompany your question with a greeting, such as "Mhoro" or "Mhoroi."

== Conclusion ==

In conclusion, it is essential to learn basic greetings and how to introduce yourself and ask for someone's name if you want to communicate effectively with Shona-speaking people. Remember to use the correct greeting in each situation to show respect for Shona culture. Practice these phrases until you feel comfortable using them in everyday conversations, and you will be on your way to mastering the Shona language.

Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Family Members]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Talking-about-Money|Talking about Money]].
{{#seo:
|title=Shona Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions → Introducing Yourself
|keywords=shona language, shona greetings, introducing yourself in shona, shona speaking people, shona vocabulary, asking for someone's name in shona
|description=Learn how to introduce yourself and ask for someone's name in Shona. In this lesson, you will learn basic greetings and phrases essential for communicating effectively with Shona-speaking people.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Common-Foods|Common Foods]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|Telling Time]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]]


==Sources==
* [http://waltercommons.digital.conncoll.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Shona-Textbook.pdf Shona-Textbook.pdf]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]
* [https://www.wikihow.com/Speak-Shona How to Start Learning Shona - wikiHow]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Common-Greetings|◀️ Common Greetings — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Noun-Classes|Next Lesson — Noun Classes ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members

2023-06-03T08:54:17Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Next Lesson — Describing Relationships ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Family and Relationships → Family Members</div>

__TOC__

==Introduction==

Welcome to the family members lesson in our Complete 0 to A1 Shona Course! In this lesson, we will learn the Shona words for various family members and how to talk about your family.

Family is an important part of Shona culture, and there are many specific terms for different family members. Understanding these terms will help you communicate more effectively with native Shona speakers and gain insights into the culture.

Let's get started!

After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]].
==Shona Vocabulary - Family Members==

Here are the most common words for family members in Shona:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!English
!
|-
! colspan="4" |General terms
|-
|Mhuri
|mm-hu-ree
|family
|
|-
|Hama
|ha-ma
|relatives
|
|-
|Dzinza
|
|bloodline, line of descent
|
|-
|Tateguru
|ta-te-goo-roo
|male ancestor
|''tate'' means father in Shona
|-
|Teteguru
|te-te-goo-roo
|female ancestor
|''tete'' means aunt in Shona
|-
|Sekuru; Tatemukuru
|
|grandfather
|
|-
|Ambuya; Gogo
|
|grandmother
|
|-
|Sekurwana
|
|uncle older than yourself
|
|-
|Mukororo
|
|son
|
|-
|Murumbwana
|
|son; a boy whom a woman breastfed
|
|-
|Mwanakomana
|
|baby boy
|term of endearment by parent
|-
|Mukunda
|
|daughter
|
|-
|Mwanasikana
|
|baby girl
|term of endearment by parent
|-
|Muzukuru
|
|nephew; neice
|
|-
|Hanzvadzi
|
|sibling(s)
|
|-
|Hanzvadzisikana
(''also'' hanzvadzikadzi)
|
|female sibling(s); sister
|
|-
|Taita (''also'' sisi)
|
|sister (of any age)
|
|-
|Wakoma (''also'' Makoma)
|
|older sister
|
|-
|Murongoti
|
|sister (as referred by brother)
|very old Shona.
|-
|Hanzvadzidoko
|
|younger sibling(s)
|
|-
|Munin'ina
|
|younger sibling of the same sex
|a girl would call her younger sister munin'ina
but, a guy would call his younger brother munin'ina
|-
|Munun'una
|
|younger sibling of the opposite sex
|a girl would call her younger brother munun'una
but, a guy would call his younger sister munun'una
|-
|Hanzvadzikomana
(''also'' hanzvadzirume)
|
|male sibling; brother
|
|-
|Mukoma (''also'' bhudhi)
|
|older brother
|
|-
|Mwana
|
|child
|also note, that the children of one's aunt are your children
|-
|Kazi
|
|cousin (from English)
|Shona does not do cousins, but this term can be used.
|-
! colspan="4" |Paternal family
|-
|Baba (''also'' Bambo, Tate)
|
|father
|
|-
|Bambo
|
|uncles, in general
|it means "fathers"
father's brothers are also your father
|-
|Babamukuru (Ba'mkuru)
|
|older brother of one's father
|meaning "older father"
|-
|Babamunini (Ba'munini)
(''also'' babamudiki)
|
|younger brother of one's father
|meaning "younger father"
|-
|Tete

* babakadzi; bambomukunda
* sangadzi, samukadzi)
|
|aunt; your father's sisters
"female father"
|father's sisters have a strong role in Shona families
''Sa-'' is a prefix for men

* (whereas ''Nya-'' is usually used for women)
|-
|Amai
|
|the female child of your mother's brother
|
|-
! colspan="4" |Maternal family
|-
|Amai
|
|mother
|
|-
|Maiguru
|
|older sister of mother
|meaning "older mum"
|-
|Mainini
|
|younger sister of mother
|meaning "younger mum"
|-
|Sekuru ''or'' Samukuru
|
|mother's brothers
|this is because children of the mother belong to the father's side

* by using "sekuru" for mother's brother it puts that blood distance
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| baba || bah-bah || father
|-
| amai || ah-mah-ee || mother
|-
| mwana || m-wah-nah || child
|-
| mwana wamai || m-wah-nah wah-mah-ee || mother's child
|-
| mwana wababa || m-wah-nah wah-bah-bah || father's child
|-
| Tsano || ts-a-no || brother-in-law or sister-in-law
|-
| mwana || m-wah-nah|| grandchild
|-
| sekuru || seh-koo-roo || grandfather
|-
| Mbuya || m-b-u-ya || grandmother
|-
| mukwasha || mook-wah-shah || son-in-law (husband of daughter)
|-
| munyai || moo-nye-eye || marriage negotiator
|-

==Talking About Family in Shona==

Now that we know the words for different family members, let's learn how to use them in sentences.

===Introducing Your Family===

Here's an example conversation:

Shona: Ndini Tinashe. Zita ravakadzi rangu Anesu, zita ra baba vangu Gift, nezita raamai vangu Nomatter.
English: I am Tinashe. My daughter's name is Anesu, my father's name is Gift, and my mother's name is Nomatter.

Some other helpful phrases for introducing your family:

* Ini ndiri mwana weGift. (I am Gift's child.)
* Imai yangu vanonzi Nomatter. (My mother's name is Nomatter.)
* Baba vangu vanonzi Tapiwa. (My father's name is Tapiwa.)

===Asking About Someone's Family===

If you want to ask someone about their family, you can use the following questions:

* Vana vako vari kune? (Do you have children?)
* Vana vako vanoshanda here? (Do your children work?)
* Unonzwa Here nevana vako? (How are your children?)

==Cultural Insights==

Family is an incredibly important part of Shona culture, and the family unit extends beyond immediate family members. Extended family, including aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents, are considered just as important as immediate family.

When a Shona person greets someone, it is common to ask about their family as a way of showing interest and concern. Being part of a family is seen as a source of pride, support, and identity. It is also traditional for younger family members to show respect to their elders by using specific titles such as amai (mother) and sekuru (grandfather).

==Conclusion==

In this lesson, we learned the Shona words for different family members and how to talk about your family. Through understanding these words and phrases, we can gain valuable insights into Shona culture and communicate more effectively with native speakers. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to talk about your family in Shona with ease!

With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]].
{{#seo:
|title=Shona Vocabulary → Family and Relationships → Family Members
|keywords=Shona, Shona vocabulary, family members in Shona, introducing family in Shona, talking about family in Shona, Shona culture
|description=Learn the Shona words for various family members and how to talk about your family in this Shona vocabulary lesson. Gain insights into Shona culture and communicate more effectively with native speakers.
}}

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Videos==

===Ep5 || How to read and speak Shona for kids|| Family members ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTOaLKFr2ZM</youtube>

===8 IMPORTANT SHONA FAMILY WORDS YOU SHOULD KNOW ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsqaoZr4FfY</youtube>

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|Telling Time]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Modes of Transportation]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Days of the week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50811721-my-family-in-shona My Family in Shona: Translate Shona-English by Kasahorow ...]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Family-Shona-Translate-Shona-English-kasahorow/dp/1076300316 My Family in Shona: Translate Shona-English (Shona kasahorow ...]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/family-in-shona/ Family in Shona – Resources for Self-Instructional Learners of Less ...]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|◀️ Past Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Next Lesson — Describing Relationships ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time

2023-06-03T07:55:09Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Telling Time</div>

__TOC__

Learning how to tell time in Shona is an essential skill for anyone looking to communicate effectively in the language. Shona, the most widely spoken Bantu language, uses a similar time-telling system as English. However, learning the basics of the Shona time-telling system is still necessary for communication, and it's also a great way to learn about the Shona culture. In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Shona, including hours and minutes.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]].
== Telling Time in Shona ==

In Shona, like in English, there are two types of clocks used: digital and analog. The analog clock is commonly used in most parts of the world, but the digital clock is more precise and more common in the modern world. In Shona, both types of clocks use the same time-telling system as English, which is the 12-hour system. The majority of Shona speakers, however, do not write out military or 24-hour time.

=== Shona hours ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!Translation
!Time
|-
|Mambakwedza / Mashambanzou
|
|
|4:00 - 4:59am
|-
|Runyanhiriri / Mufuramhembwe
|
|
|5:00 - 5:59am
|-
|Mazambambira
|
|
|6:00 - 9:59am
|-
|Madziyamushanda / rudziyakamwe
|
|the heat of early morning light
|10:00 - 11:59am
|-
|Masikati [rurovanhongonya]
|
|mid-day
|12:00 - 14:59pm
|-
|Madeukira
|
|the time when the sun has moved from the center
|15:00 - 16:59pm
|-
|Rufuramhembwe [madekwana]
|
|proper evening; similar to ''mafuramhembwe'' of morning.
|17:00 - 17:59pm
|-
|Rukunzvikunzvi
|
|
|18:00 - 18:59pm
|-
|Ruvhunzavaeni [manhoko]
|
|
|19:00 - 19:59pm
|-
|Husiku
|
|
|20:00pm - 3:59am
|}

=== Hours using O'clock ===

The Shona language uses numbers to tell time in hours. The hours from 1 AM to 12 PM are the same as those in English.

AM (ante meridiem) meaning "before the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemangwanani" or "dzemakuseni" (both meaning "of the morning").

* Hence AM, the abbreviation KU will be used to remind readers that "dzekuseni" is the proper way of conversing in Shona in order to be understood.

PM (post meridiem) meaning "after the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemasikati" (of the afternoon) when closer to the afternoon or "dzemadekwa/ dzemadokwa" (of the evening) as it gets darker.

* Hence PM, will be MSK and/or MDKthis is to different between the two "afternoons", there is the broad daylight afternoon "masikati (MSK)" and the evening-to-dark afternoon "madekwa/madokwa(MDK)"

In the following reading please be aware that the "nh" sound in Shona is unlike the "n" sound in English and Shona, and must always be written with an "h" otherwise the word changes meaning. The letter "h" is used to form heavier breathy sounds, you can find it in dh, nh, mh, bh etcetera.

# Additionally, the "va" in ''nguva'' is implosive and is neither a "v" or "w", however, it is better to replace it with W as other languages of Shona do use "Wa" in place of "Va". So ''nguva'' can in-fact be ''nguwa''.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| nguva (12:00KSN) || ngoo-wa || time (12.00AM)
|-
|nhambo/awa
|nn-ha-mm-bo / ah-wah
|hour
|-
| kumamotsi || ku-ma-mo-tsee || one o'clock
|-
| kumaviri/kumapiri || koo-ma-wee-ree/koo-ma-pee-ree || two o'clock
|-
| kumatatu || koo-ma-ta-too || three o'clock
|-
| kumaina || koo-ma-ee-na || four o'clock
|-
| kumashanu || koo-ma-sha-noo || five o'clock
|-
| kumatanhatu || koo-ma-ta-nha-too || six o'clock
|-
| kumanomwe || koo-ma-no-mm-we || seven o'clock
|-
| kumasere || koo-ma-se-re || eight o'clock
|-
| kumapfumbamwe || koo-ma-pfoo-mba-mm-we || nine o'clock
|-
| kumagumi || koo-ma-goo-mee || ten o'clock
|-
| kumaguminerimwe || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-ree-mm-we|| eleven o'clock
|-
| kumaguminembiri || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-mm-bee-ree || twelve o'clock
|-
|nhambo (1:00MSK nemberi)
|nn-ha-mm-bo
|hour (1:00PM onwards)
|-
| nguva (5:00MDK nemberi) || ngoo-wa || time (5.00PM onwards)
|}

=== Time portion ===

==== Minutes ====
A minute in Shona can be translated as '''mhindi''' or if following English as '''mineti'''. Minutes are usually not pronounced in numbers; "past" and "to" are used instead.

* "Past" is translated as "kupfuura", which means "passing". For instance, if it is 3:10 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kupfuura nhambo-ritatu" or "mamhindi makumi kupfuura awa-ritatu" (trans. ten minutes passing the third-hour).

* "To" is translated as "kusvika", which can be compared to the English word "to arrive to/until". For instance, if it is 3:50 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo-rina" (trans. ten minutes until the fourth hour) or "nhambo-ritatu nemamhindi makumimashanu" (trans. the third hour and fifty minutes; "three-fifty" basically).

It's important to note here that the word "kusvika" can be omitted as in the second example.

==== Seconds ====
In Shona a second is '''chepiri''' or '''sekondi''' using the English borrowed term.

* 3:10:02 (three hours ten minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumi nezvepiri zviviri"
* 3:50:02 (three hours fifty minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumimashanu nezvepiri zviviri".

==== Half-past ====
The term half-past is translated in Shona as '''chidimbu-'''kupfuura, although ''kupfuura'' can actually be omitted as ''chidimbu'' tells you that you are midway of the hour.

* 6:30am would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo ritanhatu rekuseni (6:30ksn)" or "chidimbu chemamhambo matanhatu" (trans. half of the sixth hour of the morning)
* 1:30pm would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo rimwe remasikati (1:30msk)" (trans. half of the first hour of the afternoon)

==== Quarter-to and Quarter-past ====
The term quarter-to in Shona can be translated two ways '''chipandi-kusvika.'''

* 10:45am would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo reguminerimwe rekuseni (10:45ksn)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 11th hour in the morning)
* 12:45pm would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo regumimbiri remasikati (12:45msk)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 12th hour in the afternoon)

The term quarter-past in Shona can translated two ways as well '''chipanda-kupfuura.'''

* 9:15am would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe kumakuseni (9:15ksn)" (trans. a quarter passing the 9th hour of the morning)
* 11:15pm would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo reguminerimwe remadokwa(11:15mdk)" (trans. a quarter passing the 11th hour of the night)

=== Examples ===

Here are a few examples of how to tell time in Shona:

* 5:45 is "chipandi kusvika nhambo rechitanhatu" (trans. quarter until the 6th hour)

* 10:30 is "chidimbu chenhambo rechigumi"

* 12:15 is "chipandi kupfuura nhambo regumimbiri"

* 1:50 is "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo ripiri" (trans. 10 minutes to arrive to the 2nd hour)

* 9:20 is "mamhindi gumi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe" (trans. 20 minutes passing/since the 9th hour)
*2:02 is "mamhindi mairi kupfuura nhambo ripiri"

== Conclusion ==

Learning how to tell time in Shona is a crucial skill for anyone who wishes to communicate in Shona. It enables efficient communication and provides an insight into a culture that is deeply rooted in its traditions. By learning the basics of Shona time-telling, you can expand your knowledge of the language and potentially use it to impress Shona speakers you meet.

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Describing Relationships]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Introducing Yourself]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Talking-about-Money|Talking about Money]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Family Members]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Shona Shona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Chishona Chishona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}

Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time

2023-06-03T07:54:09Z

Masiziva:

{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}


{{Shona-Page-Top}}

<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Telling Time</div>

__TOC__

Learning how to tell time in Shona is an essential skill for anyone looking to communicate effectively in the language. Shona, the most widely spoken Bantu language, uses a similar time-telling system as English. However, learning the basics of the Shona time-telling system is still necessary for communication, and it's also a great way to learn about the Shona culture. In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Shona, including hours and minutes.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]].
== Telling Time in Shona ==

In Shona, like in English, there are two types of clocks used: digital and analog. The analog clock is commonly used in most parts of the world, but the digital clock is more precise and more common in the modern world. In Shona, both types of clocks use the same time-telling system as English, which is the 12-hour system. The majority of Shona speakers, however, do not write out military or 24-hour time.

=== Shona hours ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!Translation
!Time
|-
|Mambakwedza / Mashambanzou
|
|
|4:00 - 4:59am
|-
|Runyanhiriri / Mufuramhembwe
|
|
|5:00 - 5:59am
|-
|Mazambambira
|
|
|6:00 - 9:59am
|-
|Madziyamushanda / rudziyakamwe
|
|the heat of early morning light
|10:00 - 11:59am
|-
|Masikati [rurovanhongonya]
|
|mid-day
|12:00 - 14:59pm
|-
|Madeukira
|
|the time when the sun has moved from the center
|15:00 - 16:59pm
|-
|Rufuramhembwe [madekwana]
|
|proper evening; similar to ''mafuramhembwe'' of morning.
|17:00 - 17:59pm
|-
|Rukunzvikunzvi
|
|
|18:00 - 18:59pm
|-
|Ruvhunzavaeni [manhoko]
|
|
|19:00 - 19:59pm
|-
|Husiku
|
|
|20:00pm - 3:59am
|}

=== Hours using O'clock ===

The Shona language uses numbers to tell time in hours. The hours from 1 AM to 12 PM are the same as those in English.

AM (ante meridiem) meaning "before the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemangwanani" or "dzemakuseni" (both meaning "of the morning").

* Hence AM, the abbreviation KU will be used to remind readers that "dzekuseni" is the proper way of conversing in Shona in order to be understood.

PM (post meridiem) meaning "after the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemasikati" (of the afternoon) when closer to the afternoon or "dzemadekwa/ dzemadokwa" (of the evening) as it gets darker.

* Hence PM, will be MSK and/or MDKthis is to different between the two "afternoons", there is the broad daylight afternoon "masikati (MSK)" and the evening-to-dark afternoon "madekwa/madokwa(MDK)"

In the following reading please be aware that the "nh" sound in Shona is unlike the "n" sound in English and Shona, and must always be written with an "h" otherwise the word changes meaning. The letter "h" is used to form heavier breathy sounds, you can find it in dh, nh, mh, bh etcetera.

# Additionally, the "va" in ''nguva'' is implosive and is neither a "v" or "w", however, it is better to replace it with W as other languages of Shona do use "Wa" in place of "Va". So ''nguva'' can in-fact be ''nguwa''.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| nguva (12:00KSN) || ngoo-wa || time (12.00AM)
|-
|nhambo/awa
|nn-ha-mm-bo / ah-wah
|hour
|-
| kumamotsi || ku-ma-mo-tsee || one o'clock
|-
| kumaviri/kumapiri || koo-ma-wee-ree/koo-ma-pee-ree || two o'clock
|-
| kumatatu || koo-ma-ta-too || three o'clock
|-
| kumaina || koo-ma-ee-na || four o'clock
|-
| kumashanu || koo-ma-sha-noo || five o'clock
|-
| kumatanhatu || koo-ma-ta-nha-too || six o'clock
|-
| kumanomwe || koo-ma-no-mm-we || seven o'clock
|-
| kumasere || koo-ma-se-re || eight o'clock
|-
| kumapfumbamwe || koo-ma-pfoo-mba-mm-we || nine o'clock
|-
| kumagumi || koo-ma-goo-mee || ten o'clock
|-
| kumaguminerimwe || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-ree-mm-we|| eleven o'clock
|-
| kumaguminembiri || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-mm-bee-ree || twelve o'clock
|-
|nhambo (1:00MSK nemberi)
|nn-ha-mm-bo
|hour (1:00PM onwards)
|-
| nguva (5:00MDK nemberi) || ngoo-wa || time (5.00PM onwards)
|}

=== Time portion ===

==== Minutes ====
A minute in Shona can be translated as '''mhindi''' or if following English as '''mineti'''. Minutes are usually not pronounced in numbers; "past" and "to" are used instead.

* "Past" is translated as "kupfuura", which means "passing". For instance, if it is 3:10 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kupfuura nhambo-ritatu" or "mamhindi makumi kupfuura awa-ritatu" (trans. ten minutes passing the third-hour).

* "To" is translated as "kusvika", which can be compared to the English word "to arrive to/until". For instance, if it is 3:50 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo-rina" (trans. ten minutes until the fourth hour) or "nhambo-ritatu nemamhindi makumimashanu" (trans. the third hour and fifty minutes; "three-fifty" basically).

It's important to note here that the word "kusvika" can be omitted as in the second example.

==== Seconds ====
In Shona a second is '''chepiri''' or '''sekondi''' using the English borrowed term.

* 3:10:02 (three hours ten minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumi nezvepiri zviviri"
* 3:50:02 (three hours fifty minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumimashanu nezvepiri zviviri".

==== Half-past ====
The term half-past is translated in Shona as '''chidimbu-'''kupfuura, although ''kupfuura'' can actually be omitted as ''chidimbu'' tells you that you are midway of the hour.

* 6:30am would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo ritanhatu rekuseni (6:30ksn)" or "chidimbu chemamhambo matanhatu" (trans. half of the sixth hour of the morning)
* 1:30pm would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo rimwe remasikati (1:30msk)" (trans. half of the first hour of the afternoon)

==== Quarter-to and Quarter-past ====
The term quarter-to in Shona can be translated two ways '''chipandi-kusvika.'''

* 10:45am would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo reguminerimwe rekuseni (10:45ksn)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 11th hour in the morning)
* 12:45pm would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo regumimbiri remasikati (12:45msk)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 12th hour in the afternoon)

The term quarter-past in Shona can translated two ways as well '''chipanda-kupfuura''' or '''rwina-kupfuura''', similarly, an English borrowed term can be use '''kwota'''-kupfuura.

* 9:15am would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe kumakuseni (9:15ksn)" (trans. a quarter passing the 9th hour of the morning)
* 11:15pm would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo reguminerimwe remadokwa(11:15mdk)" (trans. a quarter passing the 11th hour of the night)

=== Examples ===

Here are a few examples of how to tell time in Shona:

* 5:45 is "chipandi kusvika nhambo rechitanhatu" (trans. quarter until the 6th hour)

* 10:30 is "chidimbu chenhambo rechigumi"

* 12:15 is "chipandi kupfuura nhambo regumimbiri"

* 1:50 is "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo ripiri" (trans. 10 minutes to arrive to the 2nd hour)

* 9:20 is "mamhindi gumi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe" (trans. 20 minutes passing/since the 9th hour)
*2:02 is "mamhindi mairi kupfuura nhambo ripiri"

== Conclusion ==

Learning how to tell time in Shona is a crucial skill for anyone who wishes to communicate in Shona. It enables efficient communication and provides an insight into a culture that is deeply rooted in its traditions. By learning the basics of Shona time-telling, you can expand your knowledge of the language and potentially use it to impress Shona speakers you meet.

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Describing Relationships]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Introducing Yourself]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Talking-about-Money|Talking about Money]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Family Members]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Shona Shona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Chishona Chishona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


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Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time

2023-06-01T07:13:46Z

Masiziva:

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Telling Time</div>

__TOC__

Learning how to tell time in Shona is an essential skill for anyone looking to communicate effectively in the language. Shona, the most widely spoken Bantu language, uses a similar time-telling system as English. However, learning the basics of the Shona time-telling system is still necessary for communication, and it's also a great way to learn about the Shona culture. In this lesson, you will learn how to tell time in Shona, including hours and minutes.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]] & [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]].
== Telling Time in Shona ==

In Shona, like in English, there are two types of clocks used: digital and analog. The analog clock is commonly used in most parts of the world, but the digital clock is more precise and more common in the modern world. In Shona, both types of clocks use the same time-telling system as English, which is the 12-hour system. The majority of Shona speakers, however, do not write out military or 24-hour time.

=== Shona hours ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shona
!Pronunciation
!Translation
!Time
|-
|Mambakwedza / Mashambanzou
|
|
|4:00 - 4:59am
|-
|Runyanhiriri / Mufuramhembwe
|
|
|5:00 - 5:59am
|-
|Mazambambira
|
|
|6:00 - 9:59am
|-
|Madziyamushanda / rudziyakamwe
|
|the heat of early morning light
|10:00 - 11:59am
|-
|Masikati [rurovanhongonya]
|
|mid-day
|12:00 - 14:59pm
|-
|Madeukira
|
|the time when the sun has moved from the center
|15:00 - 16:59pm
|-
|Rufuramhembwe [madekwana]
|
|proper evening; similar to ''mafuramhembwe'' of morning.
|17:00 - 17:59pm
|-
|Rukunzvikunzvi
|
|
|18:00 - 18:59pm
|-
|Ruvhunzavaeni [manhoko]
|
|
|19:00 - 19:59pm
|-
|Husiku
|
|
|20:00pm - 3:59am
|}

=== Hours using O'clock ===

The Shona language uses numbers to tell time in hours. The hours from 1 AM to 12 PM are the same as those in English.

AM (ante meridiem) meaning "before the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemangwanani" or "dzemakuseni" (both meaning "of the morning").

* Hence AM, the abbreviation KSN will be used to remind readers that "dzekuseni" is the proper way of conversing in Shona in order to be understood.

PM (post meridiem) meaning "after the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemasikati" (of the afternoon) when closer to the afternoon or "dzemadekwa" (of the evening) as it gets darker.

In the following reading please be aware that the "nh" sound in Shona is unlike the "n" sound in English and Shona, and must always be written with an "h" otherwise the word changes meaning. The letter "h" is used to form heavier breathy sounds, you can find it in dh, nh, mh, bh etcetera.

{| class="wikitable"
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| nguva /nhambo (12:00KSN) || ngoo-wa ye-doo / nn-ha-mm-bo ye-doo || our time/our hour (12.00AM)
|-
| kumamotsi || ku-ma-mo-tsee || one o'clock
|-
| kumaviri/kumapiri || koo-ma-wee-ree/koo-ma-pee-ree || two o'clock
|-
| kumatatu || koo-ma-ta-too || three o'clock
|-
| kumaina || koo-ma-ee-na || four o'clock
|-
| kumashanu || koo-ma-sha-noo || five o'clock
|-
| kumatanhatu || koo-ma-ta-nha-too || six o'clock
|-
| kumanomwe || koo-ma-no-mm-we || seven o'clock
|-
| kumasere || koo-ma-se-re || eight o'clock
|-
| kumapfumbamwe || koo-ma-pfoo-mba-mm-we || nine o'clock
|-
| kumagumi || koo-ma-goo-mee || ten o'clock
|-
| kumaguminerimwe || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-ree-mm-we|| eleven o'clock
|-
| kumaguminembiri || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-mm-bee-ree || noon (12.00PM)
|-
| nguva yedu/nhambo redu (1:00MDK nemberi) || ngoo-wa ye-doo / nn-ha-mm-bo ye-doo|| our time/our hour (1.00PM onwards)
|}

=== Time portion ===

==== Minutes ====
Minutes are usually not pronounced in numbers; "past" and "to" are used instead.

* "Past" is translated as "shure", which means "without". For instance, if it is 3:10 in Shona, it is pronounced as "Saa yedu sina mbiri".

* "To" is translated as "ku", which can be compared to the English word "until". For instance, if it is 3:50 in Shona, it is pronounced as "Saa yedu se dambudziko".

It's important to note here that the word "kusvika" is frequently omitted.

=== Examples ===

Here are a few examples of how to tell time in Shona:

* 5:45 is "Saa yemunye se maviri nechidzokeri"

* 10:30 is "Gumi nharo se tatu"

* 12:15 is "Saa yemweya sina mbiri nechiromo chine"

* 1:50 is "Saa yemvanhu se shanu nezvimwe"

* 9:20 is "Chitungwiza se mbiri"

* 2:02 is "Sei sina munyana ne hapana"

== Conclusion ==

Learning how to tell time in Shona is a crucial skill for anyone who wishes to communicate in Shona. It enables efficient communication and provides an insight into a culture that is deeply rooted in its traditions. By learning the basics of Shona time-telling, you can expand your knowledge of the language and potentially use it to impress Shona speakers you meet.

{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}

[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Shona-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]
 

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Express Surprise]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Describing-Relationships|Describing Relationships]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Fruits-and-Vegetables|Fruits and Vegetables]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Ordering-at-a-Restaurant|Ordering at a Restaurant]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Introducing Yourself]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Talking-about-Money|Talking about Money]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Family Members]]
* [[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]


==Sources==
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Shona Shona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]
* [https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/shona-learning-resources/ Shona Learning Resources – Resources for Self-Instructional ...]
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Chishona Chishona - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]

{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}


{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"

|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|◀️ Numbers 1-10 — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Present-Tense|Next Lesson — Present Tense ▶️]]
|}