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https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Vocabulary/Countries-and-Continents&diff=96266
Language/English/Vocabulary/Countries-and-Continents
2021-07-16T00:02:50Z
<p>Manuelray: </p>
<hr />
<div>A continent is one of Earth’s seven main land divisions. From largest to smallest, they are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia/Oceania. The continents are identified by convention rather than by strict criteria. Some believe that there are fewer continents, such as the six-continent model, which combines Europe and Asia into Eurasia.<br />
<br />
A country is defined as a nation or state with its own government or as an area of land that forms an independent political unit with its own government. There are about 195 countries in the world today. 193 of these countries are members of the United Nations (UN) and two countries are not: Vatican City and the State of Palestine.<br />
<br />
Africa<br />
Africa has the most countries of any continent, with a total of 54 countries. The most populous of these countries is Nigeria, which has over 206 million people. The largest country by land area in Africa is Algeria, which spans over 919,595 square miles (2,381,741 square kilometers).<br />
<br />
Below are the 54 countries in Africa in alphabetical order:<br />
<br />
Algeria<br />
Angola<br />
Benin<br />
Botswana<br />
Burkina Faso<br />
Burundi<br />
Cabo Verde<br />
Cameroon<br />
Central African Republic<br />
Chad<br />
Comoros<br />
Democratic Republic of the Congo<br />
Republic of the Congo<br />
Djibouti<br />
Egypt<br />
Equatorial Guinea<br />
Ethiopia<br />
Gabon<br />
Gambia<br />
Ghana<br />
Guinea<br />
Guinea-Bissau<br />
Ivory Coast<br />
Kenya<br />
Lesotho<br />
Liberia<br />
Libya<br />
Madagascar<br />
Malawi<br />
Mali<br />
Mauritania<br />
Mauritius<br />
Morocco<br />
Mozambique<br />
Namibia<br />
Niger<br />
Nigeria<br />
Rwanda<br />
Sao Tome and Principe<br />
Senegal<br />
Seychelles<br />
Sierra Leone<br />
Somalia<br />
South Africa<br />
South Sudan<br />
Sudan<br />
Tanzania<br />
Togo<br />
Tunisia<br />
Uganda<br />
Zambia<br />
Zimbabwe<br />
Asia<br />
Asia has the second-highest number of countries of any continent with a total of 48. The most populated country in Asia is China, which has over 1.4 billion people. The largest country by land area is Russia, which is 6.6 million square miles (17.125 million square kilometers). Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey are considered to be transcontinental countries, meaning that they are considered to be both parts of Asia and Russia.<br />
<br />
Below are all of the countries in Asia in alphabetical order:<br />
<br />
Afghanistan<br />
Armenia<br />
Azerbaijan<br />
Bahrain<br />
Bangladesh<br />
Bhutan<br />
Brunei<br />
Cambodia<br />
China<br />
Cyprus<br />
Georgia<br />
India<br />
Indonesia<br />
Iran<br />
Iraq<br />
Israel<br />
Japan<br />
Jordan<br />
Kazakhstan<br />
Kuwait<br />
Kyrgyzstan<br />
Laos<br />
Lebanon<br />
Malaysia<br />
Maldives<br />
Mongolia<br />
Myanmar (Burma)<br />
Nepal<br />
North Korea<br />
Oman<br />
Pakistan<br />
Palestine<br />
Philippines<br />
Qatar<br />
Russia<br />
Saudi Arabia<br />
Singapore<br />
South Korea<br />
Sri Lanka<br />
Syria<br />
Taiwan<br />
Tajikistan<br />
Thailand<br />
Timor-Leste<br />
Turkey<br />
Turkmenistan<br />
United Arab Emirates<br />
Uzbekistan<br />
Vietnam<br />
Yemen<br />
Europe<br />
Europe has 51 independent states. The largest country by population and by land area is Russia with 145.93 million people and spanning over 6.6 million square miles (17.125 million square kilometers). Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey are considered to be transcontinental countries, meaning that they are considered to be both parts of Asia and Russia.<br />
<br />
Europe’s countries are listed below in alphabetical order:<br />
<br />
Albania<br />
Andorra<br />
Armenia<br />
Austria<br />
Azerbaijan<br />
Belarus<br />
Belgium<br />
Bosnia and Herzegovina<br />
Bulgaria<br />
Croatia<br />
Cyprus<br />
Czechia<br />
Denmark<br />
Estonia<br />
Finland<br />
France<br />
Georgia<br />
Germany<br />
Greece<br />
Hungary<br />
Iceland<br />
Ireland<br />
Italy<br />
Kazakhstan<br />
Kosovo<br />
Latvia<br />
Liechtenstein<br />
Lithuania<br />
Luxembourg<br />
Malta<br />
Moldova<br />
Monaco<br />
Montenegro<br />
Netherlands<br />
North Macedonia<br />
Norway<br />
Poland<br />
Portugal<br />
Romania<br />
Russia<br />
San Marino<br />
Serbia<br />
Slovakia<br />
Slovenia<br />
Spain<br />
Sweden<br />
Switzerland<br />
Turkey<br />
Ukraine<br />
United Kingdom<br />
Vatican City (Holy See)<br />
North America<br />
North America is made up of 23 countries. The most populated of these countries is the United States, which has a population of 329.9 million people. The largest country in North America by land area is Canada, which spans over 3.855 million square miles (9,984,670 square kilometers). Canada and the United States together occupy 79% of the continent’s total land area.<br />
<br />
In alphabetical order, North America’s 23 countries are:<br />
<br />
Antigua and Barbuda<br />
Bahamas<br />
Barbados<br />
Belize<br />
Canada<br />
Costa Rica<br />
Cuba<br />
Dominica<br />
Dominican Republic<br />
El Salvador<br />
Grenada<br />
Guatemala<br />
Haiti<br />
Honduras<br />
Jamaica<br />
Mexico<br />
Nicaragua<br />
Panama<br />
Saint Kitts and Nevis<br />
Saint Lucia<br />
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<br />
Trinidad and Tobago<br />
United States of America<br />
In addition to its 23 countries, North America also has 22 territories:<br />
<br />
Anguilla (UK)<br />
Aruba (Netherlands)<br />
Bermuda (UK)<br />
Bonaire (Netherlands)<br />
British Virgin Islands (UK)<br />
Cayman Islands (UK)<br />
Clipperton Island (France)<br />
Curacao (Netherlands)<br />
Greenlands (Denmark)<br />
Guadeloupe (France)<br />
Martinique (France)<br />
Montserrat (UK)<br />
Navassa Island (USA)<br />
Puerto Rico (USA)<br />
Saba (Netherlands)<br />
Saint Barthelemy (France)<br />
Saint Martin (France)<br />
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France)<br />
Sint Eustatius (Netherlands)<br />
Sint Maarten (Netherlands)<br />
Turks and Caicos (UK)<br />
US Virgin Islands (USA)<br />
Oceania<br />
Oceania has 14 countries and 12 overseas dependent territories. The largest country by population and land area is Australia, which is home to 25.63 million people and is 2.97 million square miles (7,692,024 square kilometers).<br />
<br />
The 14 countries in Oceania are:<br />
<br />
Australia<br />
Fiji<br />
Kiribati<br />
Marshall Islands<br />
Micronesia<br />
Nauru<br />
New Zealand<br />
Palau<br />
Papua New Guinea<br />
Samoa<br />
Solomon Islands<br />
Tonga<br />
Tuvalu<br />
Vanuatu<br />
Oceania’s 12 dependent territories are:<br />
<br />
American Samoa (USA)<br />
Cook Islands (New Zealand)<br />
French Polynesia (France)<br />
Guam (USA)<br />
New Caledonia (France)<br />
Niue (New Zealand)<br />
Norfolk Island (Australia)<br />
Northern Mariana Islands (USA)<br />
Pitcairn Islands (UK)<br />
Tokelau (New Zealand)<br />
Wake Island (USA)<br />
Wallis and Futuna (France)<br />
South America<br />
South America has 12 independent nations and three dependent territories. The largest country in South America by population and land area is Brazil, which has about 211 million people and spans over 3.288 million square miles (8,515,7767 square kilometers.<br />
<br />
South America’s 12 countries are:<br />
<br />
Argentina<br />
Bolivia<br />
Brazil<br />
Chile<br />
Colombia<br />
Ecuador<br />
Guyana<br />
Paraguay<br />
Peru<br />
Suriname<br />
Uruguay<br />
Venezuela<br />
The three South American dependent territories are:<br />
<br />
Falkland Islands (UK)<br />
French Guinea (France)<br />
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK)<br />
Antarctica<br />
There are no countries on the continent of Antarctica. Instead, seven sovereign states that have territorial claims in Antarctica: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom.<br />
<br />
List Of Countries By Continent 2021<br />
Show Sources<br />
Rank<br />
Country<br />
2021 Population <br />
1 China 1,444,216,107<br />
2 India 1,393,409,038<br />
3 United States 332,915,073<br />
4 Indonesia 276,361,783<br />
5 Pakistan 225,199,937<br />
6 Brazil 213,993,437<br />
7 Nigeria 211,400,708<br />
8 Bangladesh 166,303,498<br />
9 Russia 145,912,025<br />
10 Mexico 130,262,216<br />
11 Japan 126,050,804<br />
12 Ethiopia 117,876,227<br />
13 Philippines 111,046,913<br />
14 Egypt 104,258,327<br />
15 Vietnam 98,168,833<br />
16 Dr Congo 92,377,993<br />
17 Turkey 85,042,738<br />
18 Iran 85,028,759<br />
19 Germany 83,900,473<br />
20 Thailand 69,950,850<br />
21 United Kingdom 68,207,116<br />
22 France 65,426,179<br />
23 Tanzania 61,498,437<br />
24 Italy 60,367,477<br />
25 South Africa 60,041,994<br />
26 Kenya 54,985,698<br />
27 Myanmar 54,806,012<br />
28 South Korea 51,305,186<br />
29 Colombia 51,265,844<br />
30 Uganda 47,123,531<br />
31 Spain 46,745,216<br />
32 Argentina 45,605,826<br />
33 Sudan 44,909,353<br />
34 Algeria 44,616,624<br />
35 Ukraine 43,466,819<br />
36 Iraq 41,179,350<br />
37 Afghanistan 39,835,428<br />
38 Canada 38,067,903<br />
39 Poland 37,797,005<br />
40 Morocco 37,344,795<br />
41 Saudi Arabia 35,340,683<br />
42 Uzbekistan 33,935,763<br />
43 Angola 33,933,610<br />
44 Peru 33,359,418<br />
45 Malaysia 32,776,194<br />
46 Mozambique 32,163,047<br />
47 Ghana 31,732,129<br />
48 Yemen 30,490,640<br />
49 Nepal 29,674,920<br />
50 Venezuela 28,704,954<br />
51 Madagascar 28,427,328<br />
52 Cameroon 27,224,265<br />
53 Ivory Coast 27,053,629<br />
54 North Korea 25,887,041<br />
55 Australia 25,788,215<br />
56 Niger 25,130,817<br />
57 Taiwan 23,855,010<br />
58 Sri Lanka 21,497,310<br />
59 Burkina Faso 21,497,096<br />
60 Mali 20,855,735<br />
61 Malawi 19,647,684<br />
62 Chile 19,212,361<br />
63 Romania 19,127,774<br />
64 Kazakhstan 18,994,962<br />
65 Zambia 18,920,651<br />
66 Syria 18,275,702<br />
67 Guatemala 18,249,860<br />
68 Ecuador 17,888,475<br />
69 Senegal 17,196,301<br />
70 Netherlands 17,173,099<br />
71 Cambodia 16,946,438<br />
72 Chad 16,914,985<br />
73 Somalia 16,359,504<br />
74 Zimbabwe 15,092,171<br />
75 Guinea 13,497,244<br />
76 Rwanda 13,276,513<br />
77 Benin 12,451,040<br />
78 Burundi 12,255,433<br />
79 Tunisia 11,935,766<br />
80 Bolivia 11,832,940<br />
81 Belgium 11,632,326<br />
82 Haiti 11,541,685<br />
83 South Sudan 11,381,378<br />
84 Cuba 11,317,505<br />
85 Dominican Republic 10,953,703<br />
86 Czech Republic 10,724,555<br />
87 Greece 10,370,744<br />
88 Jordan 10,269,021<br />
89 Azerbaijan 10,223,342<br />
90 Portugal 10,167,925<br />
91 Sweden 10,160,169<br />
92 Honduras 10,062,991<br />
93 United Arab Emirates 9,991,089<br />
94 Tajikistan 9,749,627<br />
95 Hungary 9,634,164<br />
96 Belarus 9,442,862<br />
97 Papua New Guinea 9,119,010<br />
98 Austria 9,043,070<br />
99 Israel 8,789,774<br />
100 Switzerland 8,715,494<br />
101 Serbia 8,697,550<br />
102 Togo 8,478,250<br />
103 Sierra Leone 8,141,343<br />
104 Hong Kong 7,552,810<br />
105 Laos 7,379,358<br />
106 Paraguay 7,219,638<br />
107 Libya 6,958,532<br />
108 Bulgaria 6,896,663<br />
109 Lebanon 6,769,146<br />
110 Nicaragua 6,702,385<br />
111 Kyrgyzstan 6,628,356<br />
112 El Salvador 6,518,499<br />
113 Turkmenistan 6,117,924<br />
114 Singapore 5,896,686<br />
115 Denmark 5,813,298<br />
116 Republic Of The Congo 5,657,013<br />
117 Finland 5,548,360<br />
118 Norway 5,465,630<br />
119 Slovakia 5,460,721<br />
120 Oman 5,223,375<br />
121 Palestine 5,222,748<br />
122 Liberia 5,180,203<br />
123 Costa Rica 5,139,052<br />
124 Ireland 4,982,907<br />
125 Central African Republic 4,919,981<br />
126 New Zealand 4,860,643<br />
127 Mauritania 4,775,119<br />
128 Panama 4,381,579<br />
129 Kuwait 4,328,550<br />
130 Croatia 4,081,651<br />
131 Moldova 4,024,019<br />
132 Georgia 3,979,765<br />
133 Eritrea 3,601,467<br />
134 Uruguay 3,485,151<br />
135 Mongolia 3,329,289<br />
136 Bosnia And Herzegovina 3,263,466<br />
137 Jamaica 2,973,463<br />
138 Armenia 2,968,127<br />
139 Qatar 2,930,528<br />
140 Albania 2,872,933<br />
141 Puerto Rico 2,828,255<br />
142 Lithuania 2,689,862<br />
143 Namibia 2,587,344<br />
144 Gambia 2,486,945<br />
145 Botswana 2,397,241<br />
146 Gabon 2,278,825<br />
147 Lesotho 2,159,079<br />
148 North Macedonia 2,082,658<br />
149 Slovenia 2,078,724<br />
150 Guinea Bissau 2,015,494<br />
151 Latvia 1,866,942<br />
152 Bahrain 1,748,296<br />
153 Equatorial Guinea 1,449,896<br />
154 Trinidad And Tobago 1,403,375<br />
155 Timor Leste 1,343,873<br />
156 Estonia 1,325,185<br />
157 Mauritius 1,273,433<br />
158 Cyprus 1,215,584<br />
159 Eswatini 1,172,362<br />
160 Djibouti 1,002,187<br />
161 Fiji 902,906<br />
162 Reunion 901,686<br />
163 Comoros 888,451<br />
164 Guyana 790,326<br />
165 Bhutan 779,898<br />
166 Solomon Islands 703,996<br />
167 Macau 658,394<br />
168 Luxembourg 634,814<br />
169 Montenegro 628,053<br />
170 Western Sahara 611,875<br />
171 Suriname 591,800<br />
172 Cape Verde 561,898<br />
173 Maldives 543,617<br />
174 Malta 442,784<br />
175 Brunei 441,532<br />
176 Belize 404,914<br />
177 Guadeloupe 400,020<br />
178 Bahamas 396,913<br />
179 Martinique 374,745<br />
180 Iceland 343,353<br />
181 Vanuatu 314,464<br />
182 French Guiana 306,448<br />
183 New Caledonia 288,218<br />
184 Barbados 287,711<br />
185 French Polynesia 282,530<br />
186 Mayotte 279,515<br />
187 Sao Tome And Principe 223,368<br />
188 Samoa 200,149<br />
189 Saint Lucia 184,400<br />
190 Guam 170,179<br />
191 Curacao 164,798<br />
192 Kiribati 121,392<br />
193 Micronesia 116,254<br />
194 Grenada 113,021<br />
195 Saint Vincent And The Grenadines 111,263<br />
196 Aruba 107,204<br />
197 Tonga 106,760<br />
198 United States Virgin Islands 104,226<br />
199 Seychelles 98,908<br />
200 Antigua And Barbuda 98,731<br />
201 Isle Of Man 85,410<br />
202 Andorra 77,355<br />
203 Dominica 72,167<br />
204 Cayman Islands 66,497<br />
205 Bermuda 62,090<br />
206 Marshall Islands 59,610<br />
207 Northern Mariana Islands 57,917<br />
208 Greenland 56,877<br />
209 American Samoa 55,100<br />
210 Saint Kitts And Nevis 53,544<br />
211 Faroe Islands 49,049<br />
212 Sint Maarten 43,412<br />
213 Monaco 39,511<br />
214 Saint Martin 39,234<br />
215 Turks And Caicos Islands 39,231<br />
216 Liechtenstein 38,250<br />
217 San Marino 34,017<br />
218 Gibraltar 33,698<br />
219 British Virgin Islands 30,421<br />
220 Palau 18,169<br />
221 Cook Islands 17,565<br />
222 Anguilla 15,117<br />
223 Tuvalu 11,931<br />
224 Wallis And Futuna 11,094<br />
225 Nauru 10,876<br />
226 Saint Barthelemy 9,907<br />
227 Saint Pierre And Miquelon 5,766<br />
228 Montserrat 4,977<br />
229 Falkland Islands 3,533<br />
230 Niue 1,619<br />
231 Tokelau 1,373<br />
232 Vatican City 800<br />
List Of Countries By Continent 2021<br />
Show Sources<br />
List of countries by continent<br />
Sources<br />
© 2021 World Population Review Privacy</div>
Manuelray
https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10&diff=96222
Language/English/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10
2021-07-12T22:09:12Z
<p>Manuelray: Numbers from 0-10</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Números-cardinales-en-inglés]]<br />
Counting of numbers in English language is very easy.<br />
<br />
Below are the list of counting in English language fro 0-10.<br />
<br />
0-Zero<br />
<br />
1-One<br />
<br />
2-Two<br />
<br />
3-Three<br />
<br />
4-Four<br />
<br />
5-Five<br />
<br />
6-Six<br />
<br />
7-Seven<br />
<br />
8-Eight<br />
<br />
9-Nine<br />
<br />
10-Ten<br />
<br />
Above are numbers in English language from 0-10(Zero to Ten).</div>
Manuelray
https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Vocabulary/Ago&diff=96207
Language/English/Vocabulary/Ago
2021-07-11T01:08:32Z
<p>Manuelray: Before meaning</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Ago.jpg|thumb]]<br />
<div style="font-size:300%;"> Ago</div><br />
<br />
<br />
==Word order: six weeks ago==<br />
<br />
Ago follows an expression of time. <br />
<br />
<br />
Example:<br />
<br />
*I met her six weeks ago. <br />
<br />
==Tenses==<br />
<br />
An expression with ago refers to a finished time, and is normally used with a past tense, not a present perfect. <br />
<br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
*She phoned a few minutes ago. (not She has phoned)<br />
<br />
*‘Where’s Mike? '‘He was working outside ten minutes ago.’<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==The difference between ago and for==<br />
<br />
Ago says how long before the present something happened; for (with a past tense) says how long it lasted. <br />
<br />
<br />
Compare:<br />
<br />
*He died three years ago. (= three years before now) (not He died for three years, or for three years ago.)<br />
<br />
*He was ill for three years before he died. (= His illness lasted three years.)<br />
<br />
==Ago and before with time expressions: counting back==<br />
<br />
We use "ago" with a past tense and a time expression to ‘count back' from the present; to say how long before now something happened.<br />
<br />
We can use "before" in the same way (with a past perfect tense) to count back from a past moment. <br />
<br />
<br />
Compare:<br />
<br />
*I met that woman in Scotland three years ago.(not three years before/ before three years)<br />
*I remembered going to Spain three years ago.(Ago is used to express something that has already taken place further in the past. Before can also be used as word linkers. It tells what could/would happen if something is done or something isn't done).<br />
*<br />
*<br />
<br />
*When we got talking I found out that I had been at school with her husband ten years before, (not ten years ago.)<br />
*Examples of sentences with the phrase 'Before' (1) Mary left the playground 'Before' her friends arrived. (2) Let me leave this scenario 'Before' I get involved or 'Before' I'm called upon as an eye-witness.<br />
*Before means Something happened not long a time.<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*</div>
Manuelray
https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Vocabulary/Ago&diff=96206
Language/English/Vocabulary/Ago
2021-07-11T01:05:13Z
<p>Manuelray: Description of ago and before with some relevant examples</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Ago.jpg|thumb]]<br />
<div style="font-size:300%;"> Ago</div><br />
<br />
<br />
==Word order: six weeks ago==<br />
<br />
Ago follows an expression of time. <br />
<br />
<br />
Example:<br />
<br />
*I met her six weeks ago. <br />
<br />
==Tenses==<br />
<br />
An expression with ago refers to a finished time, and is normally used with a past tense, not a present perfect. <br />
<br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
*She phoned a few minutes ago. (not She has phoned)<br />
<br />
*‘Where’s Mike? '‘He was working outside ten minutes ago.’<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==The difference between ago and for==<br />
<br />
Ago says how long before the present something happened; for (with a past tense) says how long it lasted. <br />
<br />
<br />
Compare:<br />
<br />
*He died three years ago. (= three years before now) (not He died for three years, or for three years ago.)<br />
<br />
*He was ill for three years before he died. (= His illness lasted three years.)<br />
<br />
==Ago and before with time expressions: counting back==<br />
<br />
We use "ago" with a past tense and a time expression to ‘count back' from the present; to say how long before now something happened.<br />
<br />
We can use "before" in the same way (with a past perfect tense) to count back from a past moment. <br />
<br />
<br />
Compare:<br />
<br />
*I met that woman in Scotland three years ago.(not three years before/ before three years)<br />
*I remembered going to Spain three years ago.(Ago is used to express something that has already taken place further in the past. Before can also be used as word linkers. It tells what could/would happen if something is done or something isn't done).<br />
*<br />
*<br />
<br />
*When we got talking I found out that I had been at school with her husband ten years before, (not ten years ago.)<br />
*Examples of sentences with the phrase 'Before' (1) Mary left the playground 'Before' her friends arrived. (2) Let me leave this scenario 'Before' I get involved or 'Before' I'm called upon as an eye-witness.<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*</div>
Manuelray
https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Grammar/Perfect-Tenses&diff=96072
Language/English/Grammar/Perfect-Tenses
2021-07-09T10:55:55Z
<p>Manuelray: </p>
<hr />
<div><div style="font-size:300%;">Perfect Tenses</div><br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
The term ”perfect tense” for English verb tenses is unfortunate and often misleading. This term was derived via Latin and used because the syntactical forms of perfect tenses in English have their analogues in Latin perfect tense forms. However, grammatical function regularly differs significantly. <br />
<br />
This is in contrast to ”le parfait” in French and other language which is closer in grammatical function to its Latin equivalent form. For French perfect tense forms, "perfect" literally means "completely done" - just like for Latin verbs and the original meaning of "perfect" in Latin. <br />
<br />
<br />
To give a basic, common example, in English of an uncompleted, or "imperfect", event - where a present perfect simple tense describes an uncompleted event that starts in the past, continues to the present and even into the future - then consider this sentence:<br />
<br />
”I '''have been''' at home for 3 weeks.”<br />
<br />
<br />
In this case, <br />
* Start of being at home = 3 weeks ago.<br />
* Am I at home right now? Yes.<br />
* Will I still be at home tomorrow? Very highly likely (but I could leave home right now).<br />
<br />
Surprisingly, for a completed so-called ”perfect” event, when it starts and finishes in the past and is of specific duration, the most common tense form used in English is simple past:<br />
<br />
<br />
”I '''was''' at home for 3 weeks.”<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Incidentally, this sentence in its context could have easily been translated from Latin where a perfect tense was used!<br />
<br />
There is a much simpler way of defining what a "perfect tense" is in English which corresponds to its real usage - think of it as being actions starting at a time in the past and which are relevant/important in some way to the point in time under consideration, whether it is in the past, the present or the future. Simple tense forms tend to express isolated or supporting facts, or secondary information of interest within the context.<br />
<br />
The 3 simple perfect tenses in English emphasize the "completeness" of actions rather than a continuous aspect. To highlight the on-going nature of an action, there are 3 perfect continuous tenses.<br />
<br />
== Basic Grammatical Forms ==<br />
<br />
Simple perfect tense forms have the following basic pattern:<br />
<br />
<code>an auxiliary verb "have" (with the appropriate tense form) + the past participle of the verb.</code><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Continuous perfect tenses are formed as follows:<br />
<br />
<code>an auxiliary verb "have" (with the appropriate tense form) + been + the gerund of the verb.</code><br />
<br />
==Present Perfect==<br />
I have eaten. <br />
<br />
I have taken my bathe.<br />
==Past Perfect==<br />
I had eaten. <br />
<br />
I took my bathe.<br />
==Future Perfect==<br />
I will have eaten.<br />
<br />
I will/would/shall have taken my bathe.</div>
Manuelray
https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Grammar/Perfect-Tenses&diff=96071
Language/English/Grammar/Perfect-Tenses
2021-07-09T10:46:09Z
<p>Manuelray: Correction of 'Emphasise' to 'Emphasize'</p>
<hr />
<div><div style="font-size:300%;">Perfect Tenses</div><br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
The term ”perfect tense” for English verb tenses is unfortunate and often misleading. This term was derived via Latin and used because the syntactical forms of perfect tenses in English have their analogues in Latin perfect tense forms. However, grammatical function regularly differs significantly. <br />
<br />
This is in contrast to ”le parfait” in French and other language which is closer in grammatical function to its Latin equivalent form. For French perfect tense forms, "perfect" literally means "completely done" - just like for Latin verbs and the original meaning of "perfect" in Latin. <br />
<br />
<br />
To give a basic, common example, in English of an uncompleted, or "imperfect", event - where a present perfect simple tense describes an uncompleted event that starts in the past, continues to the present and even into the future - then consider this sentence:<br />
<br />
”I '''have been''' at home for 3 weeks.”<br />
<br />
<br />
In this case, <br />
* Start of being at home = 3 weeks ago.<br />
* Am I at home right now? Yes.<br />
* Will I still be at home tomorrow? Very highly likely (but I could leave home right now).<br />
<br />
Surprisingly, for a completed so-called ”perfect” event, when it starts and finishes in the past and is of specific duration, the most common tense form used in English is simple past:<br />
<br />
<br />
”I '''was''' at home for 3 weeks.”<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Incidentally, this sentence in its context could have easily been translated from Latin where a perfect tense was used!<br />
<br />
There is a much simpler way of defining what a "perfect tense" is in English which corresponds to its real usage - think of it as being actions starting at a time in the past and which are relevant/important in some way to the point in time under consideration, whether it is in the past, the present or the future. Simple tense forms tend to express isolated or supporting facts, or secondary information of interest within the context.<br />
<br />
The 3 simple perfect tenses in English emphasize the "completeness" of actions rather than a continuous aspect. To highlight the on-going nature of an action, there are 3 perfect continuous tenses.<br />
<br />
== Basic Grammatical Forms ==<br />
<br />
Simple perfect tense forms have the following basic pattern:<br />
<br />
<code>an auxiliary verb "have" (with the appropriate tense form) + the past participle of the verb.</code><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Continuous perfect tenses are formed as follows:<br />
<br />
<code>an auxiliary verb "have" (with the appropriate tense form) + been + the gerund of the verb.</code><br />
<br />
==Present Perfect==<br />
I have eaten. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Past Perfect==<br />
I had eaten. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Future Perfect==<br />
I will have eaten.</div>
Manuelray
https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Turkish/Vocabulary/Parts-of-the-Body&diff=96070
Language/Turkish/Vocabulary/Parts-of-the-Body
2021-07-09T09:28:29Z
<p>Manuelray: It's actually pronunciation in Turkish Because it was actually pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese.With my knowledge of the language I knew it was PRONUNCIATION IN TURKISH & NOT BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE.Because the word is same with pronunciation in turkish</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Parts of the body in Turkish.png|alt=Parts of the body in Turkish|thumb|Parts of the body in Turkish]]<br />
[[File:parts-of-the-body-in-turkish.jpg|thumb]]<br />
Hello everybody,<br />
<br />
In today's lesson you will learn '''"PARTS OF THE BODY"''' in Turkish.<br />
<br />
Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions !<br />
<br />
Good learning! :)<br />
<br />
.<br />
<br />
.<br />
<br />
.<br />
<br />
.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''<br />
!'''<big>PRONUNCIATION ENGLISH</big>'''<br />
!'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''<br />
!'''<big>PRONUNCIATION IN TURKISH</big>'''<br />
!'''<big>BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE</big>'''<br />
|-<br />
|THE ABDOMEN<br />
|'''''kah ruhn'''''<br />
|'''<big>KARIN</big>''' <br />
|'''''karân'''''<br />
|O ABDÔMEN<br />
|-<br />
|THE ANKLE <br />
|'''''ayh ahk bih leh ih'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK BİLEĞİ</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák bilee í'''''<br />
|O TORNOZELO<br />
|-<br />
|THE ARCH <br />
|'''''ayh ahk tah bah nuh'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK TABANI</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák tabanâ'''''<br />
|A SOLA DO PÉ<br />
|-<br />
|THE ARM <br />
|'''''kohl'''''<br />
|'''<big>KOL</big>''' <br />
|'''''koL'''''<br />
|O BRAÇO<br />
|-<br />
|THE ARMPIT <br />
|'''''kohl tou kahl tuh'''''<br />
|'''<big>KOLTUKALTI</big>''' <br />
|'''''koLtukaLtâ'''''<br />
|A AXILA<br />
|-<br />
|THE BAIL <br />
|'''''tohp / hah yah'''''<br />
|'''<big>TOP / HAYA</big>''' <br />
|'''''top / Haiá'''''<br />
|A ALÇA<br />
|-<br />
|BIG TOE <br />
|'''''ah yahk bah'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK BAŞPARMAĞI</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák bach parmaa â'''''<br />
|DEDÃO<br />
|-<br />
|THE BODY <br />
|'''''beh dehn / vew jout'''''<br />
|'''<big>BEDEN / VÜCUT</big>''' <br />
|'''''bedén / vydjút'''''<br />
|O CORPO<br />
|-<br />
|THE CALF <br />
|'''''bahl duhr'''''<br />
|'''<big>BALDIR</big>''' <br />
|'''''baldâr'''''<br />
|A PANTURRILHA<br />
|-<br />
|THE CHEEK <br />
|'''''yah nahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>YANAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''ianák'''''<br />
|A BOCHECHA<br />
|-<br />
|THE CHEST <br />
|'''''ger ews''''''<br />
|'''<big>GÖĞÜS</big>''' <br />
|'''''guêê ych'''''<br />
|O PEITO<br />
|-<br />
|THE CHIN <br />
|'''''cheh neh'''''<br />
|'''<big>ÇENE</big>''' <br />
|'''''tchené'''''<br />
|O QUEIXO<br />
|-<br />
|THE CUTICLE <br />
|'''''er lew deh rih'''''<br />
|'''<big>ÖLÜ DERİ</big>''' <br />
|'''''êêly derí'''''<br />
|O CUTÍCULA<br />
|-<br />
|THE DIMPLE <br />
|'''''gahm zeh'''''<br />
|'''<big>GAMZE</big>''' <br />
|'''''gamzé'''''<br />
|O COVINHA DA BOCHECHA<br />
|-<br />
|THE EAR <br />
|'''''kou lahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>KULAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''kulák'''''<br />
|A ORELHA<br />
|-<br />
|THE ELBOW <br />
|'''''dihr sehk'''''<br />
|'''<big>DİRSEK</big>''' <br />
|'''''dirsék'''''<br />
|O COTOVELO<br />
|-<br />
|THE EYE <br />
|'''''gerz'''''<br />
|'''<big>GÖZ</big>''' <br />
|'''''guêêz'''''<br />
|O OLHO<br />
|-<br />
|THE EYEBROW <br />
|'''''kahsh'''''<br />
|'''<big>KAŞ</big>''' <br />
|'''''kach'''''<br />
|A SOBRANCELHA<br />
|-<br />
|THE EYELASH <br />
|'''''kihr pihk'''''<br />
|'''<big>KİRPİK</big>''' <br />
|'''''kirpík'''''<br />
|A PESTANA<br />
|-<br />
|THE FACE <br />
|'''''ih ewz'''''<br />
|'''<big>YÜZ</big>''' <br />
|'''''iýz'''''<br />
|O ROSTO<br />
|-<br />
|THE FIST <br />
|'''''youm rook'''''<br />
|'''<big>YUMRUK</big>''' <br />
|'''''iumrúk'''''<br />
|O PUNHO<br />
|-<br />
|THE FOOT <br />
|'''''ah yahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák'''''<br />
|O PÉ<br />
|-<br />
|THE FOREARM <br />
|'''''ern kohl'''''<br />
|'''<big>ÖNKOL</big>''' <br />
|'''''êênkoL'''''<br />
|O ANTEBRAÇO<br />
|-<br />
|THE FOREHEAD <br />
|'''''ah lihn'''''<br />
|'''<big>ALIN</big>''' <br />
|'''''alân'''''<br />
|A TESTA<br />
|-<br />
|THE FRECKLES <br />
|'''''chihl'''''<br />
|'''<big>ÇİL</big>''' <br />
|'''''tchíL'''''<br />
|AS SARDAS<br />
|-<br />
|THE HAIR <br />
|'''''sah chih'''''<br />
|'''<big>SAÇ</big>''' <br />
|'''''satch'''''<br />
|O CABELO<br />
|-<br />
|THE HAND <br />
|'''''ehl'''''<br />
|'''<big>EL</big>''' <br />
|'''''eL'''''<br />
|A MÃO<br />
|-<br />
|THE HEAD <br />
|'''''bahsh / kah fah'''''<br />
|'''<big>BAŞ / KAFA</big>''' <br />
|'''''bach / kafá'''''<br />
|A CABEÇA<br />
|-<br />
|THE HEEL <br />
|'''''toh pook'''''<br />
|'''<big>TOPUK</big>''' <br />
|'''''topúk'''''<br />
|O CALCANHAR<br />
|-<br />
|THE HIP <br />
|'''''kahl chah'''''<br />
|'''<big>KALÇA</big>''' <br />
|'''''kaLtchá'''''<br />
|O QUADRIL<br />
|-<br />
|INDEX FINGER <br />
|'''''ih shah reht''''' <br />
<br />
'''''pahr maa uh'''''<br />
|'''<big>İŞARET PARMAĞI</big>''' <br />
|'''''icharét parmaa â'''''<br />
|DEDO INDICADOR<br />
|-<br />
|THE INSTEP <br />
|'''''ah yah uhn ews tew'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAĞIN ÜSTÜ</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiaa ân ystý'''''<br />
|O PEITO DO PÉ<br />
|-<br />
|THE JAW <br />
|'''''ahlt cheh neh'''''<br />
|'''<big>ALT ÇENE</big>''' <br />
|'''''alT tchené'''''<br />
|A MANDÍBULA<br />
|-<br />
|THE KNEE <br />
|'''''dihz'''''<br />
|'''<big>DİZ</big>''' <br />
|'''''diz'''''<br />
|O JOELHO<br />
|-<br />
|THE KNUCKLE <br />
|'''''pahr mahk ehkleh mih'''''<br />
<br />
'''''boh oom'''''<br />
|'''<big>PARMAK EKLEMİ /</big>''' <br />
<br />
'''<big>BOĞUM</big>''' <br />
|'''''parmák eklemí /'''''<br />
<br />
'''''boo um'''''<br />
|AS JUNTAS <br />
|-<br />
|THE LEG <br />
|'''''bah jahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>BACAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''badják'''''<br />
|A PERNA<br />
|-<br />
|THE LIP <br />
|'''''dou dahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>DUDAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''dudák'''''<br />
|O LÁBIO<br />
|-<br />
|LITTLE FINGER <br />
|'''''sehr cheh'''''<br />
<br />
'''''pahr mahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>SERÇE PARMAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''sertche parmák'''''<br />
|DEDO MINDINHO<br />
|-<br />
|LITTLE TOE <br />
|'''''ah yahk sehr cheh'''''<br />
<br />
'''''pahr maa uh'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK SERÇE PARMAĞI</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák sertché'''''<br />
<br />
'''''parmaa â'''''<br />
|DEDO MINDINHO<br />
|-<br />
|MIDDLE FINGER <br />
|'''''ohr tah pahr mahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>ORTA PARMAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''ortá parmák'''''<br />
|DEDO DO MEIO<br />
|-<br />
|THE MOLE <br />
|'''''behn / doh oom'''''<br />
<br />
'''''leh keh sih'''''<br />
|'''<big>BEN / DOĞUM LEKESİ</big>''' <br />
|'''''ben / doo um lekesí'''''<br />
|A PINTA<br />
|-<br />
|THE MOUTH <br />
|'''''aa uhz'''''<br />
|'''<big>AĞIZ</big>''' <br />
|'''''aa âz'''''<br />
|A BOCA<br />
|-<br />
|THE NAIL <br />
|'''''tuhr nahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>TIRNAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''târnák'''''<br />
|A UNHA<br />
|-<br />
|THE NAPE <br />
|'''''ehn seh'''''<br />
|'''<big>ENSE</big>''' <br />
|'''''ensé'''''<br />
|A NUCA<br />
|-<br />
|THE NAVEL <br />
|'''''ger behk'''''<br />
|'''<big>GÖBEK</big>''' <br />
|'''''guêêbék'''''<br />
|O UMBIGO<br />
|-<br />
|THE NECK <br />
|'''''boh youn'''''<br />
|'''<big>BOYUN</big>''' <br />
|'''''boiun'''''<br />
|O PESCOÇO<br />
|-<br />
|THE NOSE <br />
|'''''bou roun'''''<br />
|'''<big>BURUN</big>''' <br />
|'''''burún'''''<br />
|O NARIZ<br />
|-<br />
|THE NOSTRIL <br />
|'''''bou roun deh lee ih'''''<br />
|'''<big>BURUN DELİĞİ</big>''' <br />
|'''''burún deliguí'''''<br />
|O NARINA<br />
|-<br />
|THE PALM <br />
|'''''ah vou chih chih'''''<br />
|'''<big>AVUÇ İÇİ</big>''' <br />
|'''''avu tchi tchi'''''<br />
|A PALMA<br />
|-<br />
|THE PORE <br />
|'''''ger zeh nehk'''''<br />
|'''<big>GÖZENEK</big>''' <br />
|'''''guêêzenék'''''<br />
|OS POROS<br />
|-<br />
|RING FINGER <br />
|'''''ih ew zewk'''''<br />
<br />
'''''pahr maa uh'''''<br />
|'''<big>YÜZÜK PARMAĞI</big>''' <br />
|'''''iyzyk parmaa â'''''<br />
|DEDO ANELAR<br />
|-<br />
|THE SHIN <br />
|'''''ihn chihk'''''<br />
|'''<big>İNCİK</big>''' <br />
|'''''intchík'''''<br />
|A CANELA<br />
|-<br />
|THE SHOULDER <br />
|'''''oh mouz'''''<br />
|'''<big>OMUZ</big>''' <br />
|'''''omúz'''''<br />
|O OMBRO<br />
|-<br />
|THE SKIN <br />
|'''''deh rih / chihlt'''''<br />
|'''<big>DERİ / CİLT</big>''' <br />
|'''''derí / djíLt'''''<br />
|A PELE<br />
|-<br />
|SMALL OF BACK <br />
|'''''behl'''''<br />
|'''<big>BEL</big>''' <br />
|'''''beL'''''<br />
|O LOMBO<br />
|-<br />
|THE SOLE <br />
|'''''ah yahk tah bah nuh'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK TABANI</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák tabanâ'''''<br />
|A SOLA<br />
|-<br />
|THE TEMPLE <br />
|'''''shah kahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>ŞAKAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''chakák'''''<br />
|A TÊMPORA<br />
|-<br />
|THE THIGH <br />
|'''''ou ih look / kahl chah'''''<br />
|'''<big>UYLUK / KALÇA</big>''' <br />
|'''''uilúk / kaLtchá'''''<br />
|A COXA<br />
|-<br />
|THE THUMB <br />
|'''''bahsh pahr mahk'''''<br />
|'''<big>BAŞPARMAK</big>''' <br />
|'''''bach parmák'''''<br />
|O POLEGAR<br />
|-<br />
|THE TOE <br />
|'''''ah yahk pahr maa uh'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK PARMAĞI</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák parmaa â'''''<br />
|O DEDO DO PÉ<br />
|-<br />
|THE TOENAIL <br />
|'''''ah yahk pahr mahk'''''<br />
<br />
'''''tuhr naa uh'''''<br />
|'''<big>AYAK PARMAK</big>''' <br />
<br />
'''<big>TIRNAĞI</big>''' <br />
|'''''aiák parmaa â'''''<br />
<br />
'''''târnaa â'''''<br />
|A UNHA DO PÉ<br />
|-<br />
|THE TOOTH <br />
|'''''dihsh'''''<br />
|'''<big>DİŞ</big>''' <br />
|'''''dich'''''<br />
|O DENTE<br />
|-<br />
|THE WAIST <br />
|'''''behl'''''<br />
|'''<big>BEL</big>''' <br />
|'''''beL'''''<br />
|A CINTURA<br />
|-<br />
|THE WRINKLE <br />
|'''''kuh ruh suhk luhk'''''<br />
|'''<big>KIRIŞIKLIK</big>''' <br />
|'''''kâ râchâk lâk'''''<br />
|A RUGA<br />
|-<br />
|THE WRIST <br />
|'''''ehl bih leh ih'''''<br />
|'''<big>EL BILEĞİ</big>''' <br />
|'''''eL bilee í'''''<br />
|O PULSO<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Expressions using body parts==<br />
Please, edit <br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Learn the parts of the body in Turkish<br />
|keywords=head, hand, body, eye, mouth<br />
|description=In this lesson you will learn the parts of the body in the Turkishlanguage.<br />
|og:image=http://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/a/ac/Parts-of-the-body-in-turkish.jpg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Turkish/Beginner]]<br />
[[Category:Vocabulary/body]]</div>
Manuelray