Polyglot Club WIKI - User contributions [en]

Language/Swedish/Grammar/Passive-Voice

2021-12-07T20:00:48Z

Ljus: explained s-passiv in present tense with use of imperativform (!) (not presens) of the verb; added har, hade to the körts-example where I had forgotten it

<div style="font-size:300%">S-passive Voice in Swedish</div>

__TOC__

In today's lesson, you will learn how to form the passive Swedish verbs.

The passive voice in Swedish does not use any subject. There is only one object with which we do something.

The passive voice is used when we do not know who is acting or when it is not interesting to know who is doing it. In terms of grammar, we can express it by the fact that we have no agent in the sentence.

Passive voice is often used in newspaper articles and also news on TV and radio.

Here are a few examples:
* 20 skadades efter busskrock utanför Piteå.
<blockquote>20 were injured after a bus crash outside Piteå. </blockquote>
* Sprängämnesstoff hittades i flickans sko.
<blockquote>Explosive materials were found in the girl’s shoe.</blockquote>The passive voice is also used when instructions are given such as recipes in an informal language.

You will find passive forms on a carton of milk or on a bill like this:
* Öppnas här!
<blockquote>To be opened here.</blockquote>
* Betalas senast 100831
<blockquote>To be paid at the latest by Aug. 31, 2010. </blockquote>

As you have seen the passive voice can be used for different tenses (actually all tenses) and it’s not complicated to construct the passive version of the verb. You just ad a -s to the regular tenseform of the verb, except for the present tense where you use the imperativform (!) of the verb plus s.

It looks like this:

==Present tense==

{| class="wikitable"
|skadar (regular)
|skadas (passive)
|-
|köper (regular)
|köps/köpes (passive)
|-
|syr (regular)
|sys (passive)
|-
|skriver (regular)
|skrives/skrivs (passive)
|}

==Past tense==

{| class="wikitable"
|skadade (regular)
|skadades (passive)
|-
|köpte (regular)
|köptes (passive)
|-
|sydde (regular)
|syddes (passive)
|-
|skrev (regular)
|skrevs (passive)
|}

==Perfect participle==

We can also create the passive voice with what is called "the perfect participle" which is more common in spoken Swedish. I can show you what s-passives constructed with a participle look like:
* skadades – blev skadad
<blockquote>was hurt</blockquote>
* hittades – blev hittad
<blockquote>was found</blockquote>

==Verb Groups==
In order to fully understand the lesson, you should before inform yourself about the 4 verb groups in Swedish and how to build the different tenses in the active form.

The S-passive is named so because you build first the verb tense in the active form and then just put an <code>-s</code> to the so called "supinum".

===Group 2 a===

Let's try it out together with the 2a-group verb

att köra, kör!/(kör), körde/har, hade kört (Infintivi/imperativ!(presens)/simple past/perfect, plusquamperfect)-> köras/körs/kördes/körts

{| class="wikitable"
!Aktiv verbform Inifitiv (Active Inifitive)
!→ Passiv verbform Infinitiv plus -s:
|-
|Jag ska köra bilen.
|Bilen ska köras. (köra + s).
|-
|I will drive the car.
|The car will be driven.
|-
!Aktiv form Presens (Active Present)
!→ Passiv verbform Presens, imperativ plus -s:
|-
|Jag kör bilen.
|Bilen körs. (kör + s)
|-
|I drive the car.
|The car is driven.
|-
!Aktiv form simple past (Active Past)
!→ Passiv verbform simple past plus -s:
|-
|Jag körde bilen.
|Bilen kördes. (körde + s)
|-
|I drove the car.
|The car was driven.
|-
!Aktiv form perfect (first past tense)
!→ Passiv verbform Perfect plus -s:
|-
|Jag körde bilen.
|Bilen har/hade körts. (har, hade kört + s)
|-
|I drove the car.
|The car has/had been driven.
|}

===Group 1===
regular verbs, biggest group, "study": att studera/studera!/(studerar)/studerade/har, hade studerat -> studeras/studeras/studerades/har, hade studerats

Aktiv verb example i presens: Studenter (=subjekt) studerar (=present tense) lektionen om s-passiv (=objekt).

Passiv verb example i presens: Lektionen om s-passiv studeras.

===Group 2b===
"smoke": att röka/rök!/(röker)/rökte/har, hade rökt -> rökas/röks/röktes/har, hade rökts

Aktiv verb example i simple past: Han rökte 40 cigaretter.

Passiv verb example i simple past: 40 cigaretter röktes.

===Group 3===
"reside, live in": att bo/bo!/(bor)/bodde/har, hade bott -> bos/bos/boddes/har, hade botts

Aktiv verb example i perfect: En familj har bott i huset.

Passiv verb example i perfect: Huset har bebotts. (har bott -> botts + i -> be = bebotts)

===Group 4===
irregular verbs, exampel with "do": att göra/gör!/(gör)/gjorde/har, hade gjort -> göras/görs/gjordes/har, hade gjorts

Aktiv verb example i perfect: Hon hade gjort sin bäst att förklara s-supinum.

Passiv verb example i perfect: Det bästa hade gjorts att förklara s-supinum.

The rest is just to practice, good luck and have fun"

If I did mistakes or if you would like to add an translation or something new, please feel free to do so.

Language/Swedish/Grammar/Passive-Voice

2021-12-06T19:27:44Z

Ljus: Created page with "S-Passiv Here you can learn how to get the passiv form of Swedish verbs. Passiv means that there is no subject in the sentence anymore/ the subject is skipped, who is doing so..."

S-Passiv
Here you can learn how to get the passiv form of Swedish verbs. Passiv means that there is no subject in the sentence anymore/ the subject is skipped, who is doing something and the verb is referring to. There is just an object with which something is done.

You should inform yourself before about the 4 verbgroups in Swedish and how to build the different tenses in the active form (s. other Wikihow-articels about it).

The S-passiv is named so because you build first the right verbtense in the aktive form and then just put an -s to the so called supinum.

Let's try it out together with the 2a-group verb att köra/kör!/(kör)/körde/har, hade kört (Infintivi/imperativ!(presens)/simple past/perfect, plusquamperfect)-> köras/körs/kördes/körts

1. Aktiv verbform Inifitiv: I will drive the car. / Jag ska köra bilen.

-> Passiv verbform Infinitiv plus -s: The car will be driven. / Bilen ska köras. (köra + s).

2. Aktiv form Presens: I drive the car. / Jag kör bilen.

-> Passiv verbform Presens, [[imperativ]]! plus -s: The car is driven. / Bilen körs. (kör + s)

3. Aktiv form simple past: I drove the car. / Jag körde bilen.

-> Passiv verbform simple past plus -s: The car was driven. / Bilen kördes. (körde + s)

4. Aktiv form perfect (first pasttense): I drove the car. / Jag körde bilen.

-> Passiv verbform Perfect plus -s: The car has/had been driven. / Bilen körts. (har, hade kört + s)

Group 1, regular verbs, biggest group, "study": att studera/studera!/(studerar)/studerade/har, hade studerat -> studeras/studeras/studerades/har, hade studerats
Aktiv verb example i presens: Studenter (=subjekt) studerar (=present tense) lektionen om s-passiv (=objekt).
Passiv verb example i presens: Lektionen om s-passiv studeras.

Group 2b: "smoke": att röka/rök!/(röker)/rökte/har, hade rökt -> rökas/röks/röktes/har, hade rökts
Aktiv verb example i simple past: Han rökte 40 cigaretter.
Passiv verb example i simple past: 40 cigaretter röktes.

Group 3, "reside, live in": att bo/bo!/(bor)/bodde/har, hade bott -> bos/bos/boddes/har, hade botts
Aktiv verb example i perfect: En familj har bott i huset.
Passiv verb example i perfect: Huset har bebotts. (har bott -> botts + i -> be = bebotts)

Group 4, irregular verbs, exampel with "do": att göra/gör!/(gör)/gjorde/har, hade gjort -> göras/görs/gjordes/har, hade gjorts
Aktiv verb example i perfect: Hon hade gjort sin bäst att förklara s-supinum.
Passiv verb example i perfect: Det bästa hade gjorts att förklara s-supinum.

The rest is just to practice, good luck and have fun"

If I did mistakes or if you would like to add an translation or something new, please feel free to do so.

Language/Swedish/Grammar/Location

2021-05-27T20:47:16Z

Ljus: Created page with " '''This lecture is about the expression of the location of persons or things''' The rule is that you have to decide if the person or thing is already at the location..."

'''This lecture is about the expression of the location of persons or things'''
The rule is that you have to decide if the person or thing is already at the location or if it is moving there.
You express it if the person or thing is already in place, for example like this: Jag är här/där/inne/ute etc.I I am here/there/inside/outside-> so most times the letter "e" in the end shows, the person or thing is in place.

If the movement and direction to the place is emphazised, you express this for exampel: Jag går hit/dit/in/ut etc./ I go here/there/in/out -> so often the letter "e" in the end is missing and you have always a verb which expresses the movement, motion, direction like att resa, att åka, att komma etc.

Att gå hem is used, when you go directly to your home and have reached there. Att gå hemåt is used, when you make a stopp (for example at the supermarket to buy things) and are on your way home.

If you go from where you are (=ifrån) till there (=där), you use därifrån, from where you are (=ifrån) till here (=här) härifrån etc..

I wrote a funny text going round my house and garden with my kat which examplify these small location words and how to use them according to the stated rule in a playful way:

'''Upp och ner eller hemma hos mig'''

Jag gick hem/hemåt från universitetet. Så jag är hemma nu. Jag kom utifrån in, men jag är inne nu. Jag kom inifrån och går ut på garden.

Jag är ute och här i min garden, min katt är ute också och där. Katten kom hit till mig! Naturligtvis katten kommer inte hit. Så jag går härifrån dit, tillsammans kommer vi därifrån hit. Vi är här nu och inte mer där.

Vi är ute och går utifrån in. Katten går ner i källaren, katten är nere. Jag går upp till taket, jag är uppe. Jag går uppifrån ner till köket, katten går nerifrån upp till köket. Jag kommer härifrån, katten kommer därifrån.

Vi är lätt förvirrad tillsammans hemma hos mig och tänker vi måste ha mer orienting. Så går jag hemifrån till universitetet för nästa svenska lektionen. När jag kommer hem, allt startar igen! Men när jag är inte inne, vet jag aldrig vart katten går eller vårifran katten kommer...den kan också ingen berätta!

I hope you had fun, there are more position-words like bakom or framför, if you want to supply these or more, please feel free to do so!

Language/Swedish/Grammar/Sentense-Structure

2021-05-23T18:06:17Z

Ljus: I added adverbs and rules to the main sentence structure, alsow with changed wordorder in mainsentences; explained waht a mainsentences is and how to identify subclauses, what is a subconjunction, the wordorder in mainsentences combined with a subclause

[[File:Sentence Structure in Swedish .png|alt=Sentence Structure in Swedish|thumb|Sentence Structure in Swedish]]
.

Hello everybody,

In today's lesson you will learn the '''¨SENTENCE STRUCTURE¨''' in Swedish

Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions !

Good learning ! :)

== '''Subject-verb-object''' ==
Each language has a particular sentence structure and they are all built up by grammatical functions:

* '''Subject''' --> the person/animal/thing doing something
* '''Verb''' --> what the person/animal/thing is doing
* '''Object''' --> who/what is being affected by what the subject is doing

.
=='''Simple word order'''==
In Swedish, the sentence structure is built with SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT. We call it "simple word order."

==='''Example'''===

Jag läser en bok (I read a book)

*To know the '''subject''', ask yourself: Who is reading? --> "'''Jag'''", so "jag" is the '''subject'''.

*To know the '''verb''', ask yourself: What is "jag" doing? --> "'''Läser'''", so "läser" is the '''verb'''.

*To know the '''object''', ask yourself: What is being read? --> "'''En bok'''", so "en bok" is the '''object'''.

.
=='''Reversed word order'''==

Swedish also has something called "reversed word order" which means that if something else than the subject comes first in a sentence, we have to move the verb to the second position.

==='''Example'''===

*Jag läser en bok
(S) (V) (O)

*I dag '''läser''' jag en bok (Today I read a book)
(V) (S) (O)

Do you see that "läser" and "jag" have switched places? A good tip is to think that the verb ALWAYS should be in the second position in a sentence.

'''1. Mainsentence'''

A main sentence can always stand alone. The meaning of the sentence is clear without further explanation. Subject and predicate (=verb) stand together. The predicate (=Verb) always stays on the 2nd place.

a) '''A regular Swedish main sentence''' follows the rule '''SPORT''':

'''S'''ubject – Predicate (=Verb) – '''O'''bject – '''R'''um (=place) – '''T'''id (=time)

Jag (S) läser (P) en bok (O) i mitt rum (R) idag (T). / I read a book in my room today.

b) '''An irregular Swedish main sentence''' can begin with O/R/T, so '''the word order changes''':

'''Let’s start with the object''' '''O'''-P-S-R-T: '''En bok''' '''(O)''' läser (P) jag (S) i mitt rum (R) idag (T)./ '''A book''' do I read in my room today.

'''Let’s go on with the rum''' '''R'''-P-S-O-T: '''I mitt rum''' '''(R)''' läser (P) jag (S) en bok (O) idag (T). / '''In my room''' do I read a book today.

'''And the tid in the beginning T-P-S-O-R'''. '''Idag (T)''' läser (P) jag (S) en bok (O) I mitt rum (R)./'''Today''' do I read a book in my room.

By changing the word order from SPORT to these, do you '''emphazise the fat marked words''' of the sentence.

'''2. Mainsentence and adverb'''

An adverb is inte=not, ofta=often, alltid=always, alldrig=never, ofta=often, sällan=seldom etc.. It specifies the verb that is used in the sentence.

a) A regular Swedish main sentence follows the rule '''SPORT plus an adverb SP(a)ORT''':

'''S'''ubject – Predicate (=Verb) – '''a'''dverb - '''O'''bject – '''R'''um (=place) – '''T'''id (=time)

Jag (S) läser (P) '''inte (a)''' en bok (O) i mitt rum (R) idag (T). / I '''do not''' read a book in my room today.

As in English the adverb specifies the verb, so they stand in a regular '''SP(a)ORT'''-main sentence always together. But note in Swedish comes the adverb always '''after''' the Predicate (=verb).

b) '''An irregular Swedish main sentence plus an adverb''':

Let’s start with the object '''O'''-P-S-'''(a)-'''R-T: '''En bok (O)''' läser (P) jag (S) '''inte (a)''' i mitt rum (R) idag (T)./ '''A book''' do I not read in my room today.

Let’s go on with the rum '''R'''-P-S'''-(a)-'''O-T: '''I mitt rum''' '''(R)''' läser (P) jag (S) '''inte (a)''' en bok (O) idag (T). / '''In my room''' do I not read a book today.

And the tid in the beginning T-P-S-'''(a)'''-O-R. '''Idag (T)''' läser (P) jag (S) '''inte (a)''' en bok (O) I mitt rum (R)./'''Today''' do I not read a book in my room.

The adverb in a regular '''SPORT'''-main sentence always comes after the Predicate (=verb): '''SP(a)ORT'''. The adverb specifies the verb, so they stand together.

In an irregular Swedish main sentence, beginning with O/R/T the word order changes. So is the adverb. '''The adverb stands now always together with the Subject''', so O/R/T-P-'''S-(a)'''.

But note: in all mainsentences (regular/irregular/ + adverb) stands the predicate (=verb) at the 2nd place. And subject and predicate (=verb) stand together either like this in the regular mainsentence (S-P) or in the irregular mainsentence (P-S).

'''3. Mainsentence and Subclause'''

A subclause begins with a subjunction like därför att/för att/eftersom = because, trots att/fast/fastän = although, att=that, genom att= thus, för att = in order to, utan att= ohne dass, medan= while, sedan = afterwards, när = when, om = if etc.

The subclause specifies the mainsentence, the subclause can never stand alone, so there must be a mainsentence.

'''The sentence structure of the subclause never changes, if the whole sentence starts with the mainsentence or the subclause is unimportant, it stays the same. The word order in a subclause is always like this: (,)-Subjunction-Subject-''' '''Predicate (=Verb)-O/R/T.'''

In Swedish '''a komma is seldom used''', but can be there as an indicator that a subclause is coming. The safest way is to '''identify the subjunction''' which must be there to introduce the subclause.

a) '''Mainsentence, followed by subclause'''

Jag läser en bok idag, medan jag är i mitt rum. / I read a book today while I am in my room.

So, let’s identify the '''mainsentence''', which can stand alone: Jag läser en bok idag./ I read a book today.

Followed by the '''subclause''', which specifies the mainclause and cannot stand alone. It starts with a '''subjunction''', here “medan= while”, sometimes there is also a '''komma''' befor it:''', medan''' jag är i mitt rum.

b) '''Subclause first''', followed by mainsentence

You can put the subclause first place. Then '''the word order changes in the mainsentence'''.

Let’s try it: '''Subclause 1st place''': Medan jag är i mitt rum, (mainsentence) '''läser (2nd place)''' jag en bok idag.

So the wordorder in the subclause stays always the same: '''Subjunction-Subject'''- Predicate '''(=Verb)-O/R/T.'''

'''But note, if the subclause is in the 1st place, the word order in the mainsentence is changed to: P (=verb)-S-O/R/T.''' The reason is that in Swedish the whole subclause is here seen as one and in the 1st place of the whole sentence (=Subclause + mainsentence). And the rule is '''the predicate (=verb) must always be in the 2nd place.''' So '''1st place subclause, 2nd place predicate (=verb)''' and this is why the mainclause starts in this case with the predicate (=verb). '''Predicate (verb) and Subject go always together''', also here.

'''4. Mainsentence and Subclause + adverb'''

'''So, now, we add an adverb to the sentence.'''

a) '''Mainsentence, followed by subclause'''

Jag läser en bok idag, medan jag '''inte''' är i mitt rum. / I read a book today while I am in my room.

As we have learned already, in a regular mainclause the adverb would be after the predicate (=verb) like this S'''P(a)'''O(R)T: Jag '''läser''' '''inte''' en bok idag.

But note in the subclause that the adverb comes always after the subject like this '''S (=subjunction)-S(ubject)-a(dverb)-''' '''predicate (=verb)-O/R/T:''' medan '''jag inte''' är i mitt rum.

b) '''Subclause first''', followed by mainsentence

Remember: the word order of the subclause never changes, so the adverb stays again after the subject.

The same as 4a): '''Subclause 1st place''': Medan '''jag inte''' är i mitt rum, (mainsentence) '''läser (2nd place)''' jag en bok idag.

'''Tips hur att lära sig best ordfjöldet på huvudsatser, adverb och bisatser / Tipps how to learn the wordorder in mainsentences, with adverbs and with subclauses:'''

Om ni är förvirrad nu, startar ni best med enkla vanliga SPORT-huvudsatser. / If you are confused now, start best with simpel mainsentences with ordinary SPORT-wordorder.

Försätta att öva SPORT-huvudsatser med adverbet, då med förändrat ordfjöld. / Go on to study SPORT-mainsentences with placing an adverb in it.

Efter det försätta med SPORT-huvudsatser plus bisatser. / After det go further with SPORT-mainsentences plus subclause etc.

'''Den lättaste är att starta huvudsatsen med subjekten (SPORT) och på första platsen före bisatsen. / It is easiest to start the mainclause with the subject (SPORT) and to place the mainsentence on the first place before the subclause.'''

''' '''

 ''' '''

=='''Authors'''==
[http://polyglotclub.com/member/brainwashme Brainwashme]

{{#seo:
|title=Learn Swedish Sentense Structure. Subject, Verb and object.
|keywords=grammar, sweden, words, verbs, position, grammatical, functions
|description=In this lesson you will learn how to organize a sentense in Swedish.
|og:image=http://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/6/61/Subject-verb-object-Sentense-structure-Swedish.jpg
}}[[File:Subject-verb-object-Sentense-structure-Swedish.jpg|thumb]]
[[Category: Swedish/Beginner]]

Language/Swedish/Grammar/Future-Tense

2021-05-23T16:15:08Z

Ljus: Added 4 verbforms to express the future and explained when and how tu use them; I never heard of the "skall", which was here additionally described, only "ska", but left it in the lecture...

[[File:Future Tense in Swedish.png|alt=Future Tense in Swedish|thumb|'''Future Tense in Swedish''']]
.

Hello everybody,

In today's lesson you will learn some useful vocabulary about '''¨FUTURE TENSE¨''' in Swedish

Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions !

Good learning ! :)

.

.

== '''Future Tense in Swedish''' ==

'''When to use future present, ska , tanker, komma att?'''

Swedish people use '''4 different verbforms to express the future'''. But when to use “future present”, “ska”, “tänker” or “komma att”

'''1. Future present of the verb''' '''(=present)'''

The future present of the verb is identical with the present time of the verb, but is meant and translated as future tense.

The future present can be used in most cases:

Jag skriver en svensk lektion på kvällen. (context: I just got up from bed this morning, I am going to do this in the evening. It is thus clear for everybody that this is about future) / I am going to write a Swedish lecture this evening.

But note the difference in meaning, while the verb is staying in the same form, but in this case it is present time: Jag skriver en lektion nu. (context: I am just sitting and writing this lecture for you, right now).

'''2. Ska + Infinitiv of verb'''

Jag ska skriva en svensk lektion på kvällen. / I am going to write a Swedish lecture this evening.

After auxiliary verb “ska” comes always the infinitive of the verb (without “att”, in this case “skriva”).

Also possible and often used, but inte so often as “present future”.

Personally I think that using present future is more comfortable in speeches and therefore used more often.

Here I also have a definite plan, I am (definitely) going to write the lecture this evening. (context: I have time for it, all is prepared).

'''3. Tänker + Infinitiv of verb'''

Jag tänker skriva en svensk lection på kvällen. / I might be going to write the lecture this evening. (Nothing is yet prepared, I might have time for it, Imight not have time for etc.).

After “tänker” comes always the infinitive of the verb (without “att”, in this case “skriva”).

But note the difference in meaning to the use of “ska”: Here I have no (!) definite plan, I just have the wish to write a Swedish lecture, but it is unsure if I do so. Nothing is prepared and it can be that I have no time for it this evening and do it at another, not defined time and date.

There are further possibilities to use the verb “att tänka/to think”. You will find more information about it in my lecture “att tycka, att tänka, att tro”.

'''4. Komma att'''

If it is something in the future, we have no control over, it happens.

Komma att is therefore for example used with the weather.

Det kommer att regna idag. / It will rain today.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>SWEDISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION IN</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|I will love
|'''<big>Jag skall älska</big>'''
|'''''yoh skoh ehls kah'''''
|Eu amarei
|-
|You will love
|'''<big>Du skall älska</big>'''
|'''''dou skoh ehls kah'''''
|Você amará
|-
|He will love
|'''<big>Han skall älska</big>'''
|'''''hahn skoh ehls kah'''''
|Ele amará
|-
|We will love
|'''<big>Vi skall älska</big>'''
|'''''vih skoh ehls kah'''''
|Nós amaremos
|-
|You will love
|'''<big>Ni skall älska</big>'''
|'''''nih skoh ehls kah'''''
|Vocês amarão
|-
|They will love
|'''<big>De skall älska</big>'''
|'''''dohn skoh ehls kah'''''
|Eles amarão
|-
|
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''''' '''''
|
|-
|I will speak
|'''<big>Jag skall tala</big>'''
|'''''yoh skoh toh lah'''''
|Eu falarei
|-
|You will speak
|'''<big>Du skall tala</big>'''
|'''''dou skoh toh lah'''''
|Você falará
|-
|He will speak
|'''<big>Han skall tala</big>'''
|'''''hahn skoh toh lah'''''
|Ele falará
|-
|We will speak
|'''<big>Vi skall tala</big>'''
|'''''vih skoh toh lah'''''
|Nós falaremos
|-
|You will speak
|'''<big>Ni skall tala</big>'''
|'''''nih skoh toh lah'''''
|Vocês falarão
|-
|They will speak
|'''<big>De skall tala</big>'''
|'''''dohn skoh toh lah'''''
|Eles falarão
|-
|
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''''' '''''
|
|-
|I will sleep
|'''<big>Jag skall sova</big>'''
|'''''yoh skoh sou oh vah'''''
|Eu dormirei
|-
|You will sleep
|'''<big>Du skall sova</big>'''
|'''''dou skoh sou oh vah'''''
|Você dormirá
|-
|He will sleep
|'''<big>Han skall sova</big>'''
|'''''hahn skoh sou oh vah'''''
|Ele dormirá
|-
|We will sleep
|'''<big>Vi skall sova</big>'''
|'''''vih skoh sou oh vah'''''
|Nós dormiremos
|-
|You will sleep
|'''<big>Ni skall sova</big>'''
|'''''nih skoh sou oh vah'''''
|Vocês dormirão
|-
|They will sleep
|'''<big>De skall sova</big>'''
|'''''dohn skoh sou oh vah'''''
|Eles dormirão
|-
|
|'''<big> </big>'''
|''''' '''''
|
|-
|I will open
|'''<big>Jag skall öppna</big>'''
|'''''yoh skoh erp nah'''''
|Eu abrirei
|-
|You will open
|'''<big>Du skall öppna</big>'''
|'''''dou skoh erp nah'''''
|Você abrirá
|-
|He will open
|'''<big>Han skall öppna</big>'''
|'''''hahn skoh erp nah'''''
|Ele abrirá
|-
|We will open
|'''<big>Vi skall öppna</big>'''
|'''''vih skoh erp nah'''''
|Nós abriremos
|-
|You will open
|'''<big>Ni skall öppna</big>'''
|'''''nih skoh erp nah'''''
|Vocês abrirão
|-
|They will open
|'''<big>De skall öppna</big>'''
|'''''dohn skoh erp nah'''''
|Eles abrirão
|}

Language/Swedish/Vocabulary/Att-tycka-Att-tänka-Att-tro

2021-05-23T15:40:35Z

Ljus: Created page with "The use of the 3 verbs: att tycka, att tänka, att tro # att tänka -> 3 options (mind/think about/future) Option 1: thinking in your mind Jag tänker alltid för mycket, nä..."

The use of the 3 verbs: att tycka, att tänka, att tro
# att tänka -> 3 options (mind/think about/future)
Option 1: thinking in your mind

Jag tänker alltid för mycket, när jag vill somna. / I think always too much, as soon as I will go to sleep.

Option 2: thinking about something/someone -> att tänka + “på”

Jag tänker alltid på min sambo. / I think all the time about my boyfriend.

But note for option 1 + 2: you are doing this on your mind only, the thoughts go round on your mind, you can, but do not necessarily state this to someone.

Option 3: uncertain plan for the future

Jag tänker resa till Sverige nästa år. / I think I might be going to travel to Sweden.

I have the wish and the uncertain plan to travel to Sweden next year. But I have done nothing yet to realize this wish/plan (no tickets etc.).

But note the difference: If you would be sure and have all planned already (for example you bought the tickets), this would be a certain plan for the future, which is expressed with ska (auxiliary verb) + verb in the infinite (here “resa”):

Jag ska resa till Sverige nästa måndag. / I am (definitly) going to travel to Sweden next Monday.

# att tycka -> 2 options (opinion/like)
Option 1: You use "att tycka" + “att”, every time you state an opinion

Jag tycker att lära mig svenska är lätt. / I think that learning/to learn Swedish is easy.

But note the difference to “att tänka”: I think this (in my head) and (!) I say so and state my opinion to someone.

Another help to decide if you should use 1. Att tänka or 2. att tycka is that most times comes an “att=that” after “tycka”. There is no “att=that” after the use of “tänka”

Jag tycker att = I think that (and the opinion follows)

If you use a verb after "tycka att" this verb is always in the infinitive (here for example: lära mig).

Option 2: You use “att tycka om”, if you like someone/something

Jag tycker om mina katter. Jag tycker om att dansa. Jag tycker om min nya soffa.

I like my cats. I like to dance. I like my new couch.

3. Att tro -> believe

“Att tro” expresses what you believe, but you cannot be certain about it, you do not know.

Jag tror/tror inte på Gud. / I believe/believe not in God. (You have no proof, that he/she/it exists or not.)

Jag tror att det regnar/kommer att regna idag. / I believe/think it will rain today. (It does not rain yet, so you cannot be certain.)

Jag tror och tycker att det var en intressant svensk lektion. Tänka en stund på den…! / I believe and think that this was an interesting Swedish lecture. Think a while about it…!

Efter det ha kul att använda ”att tänka/att tycka/att tro!” / After this have fun using ”att tänka/att tycka/att tro!”

Language/Swedish/Vocabulary/List-of-confused-words

2021-05-01T12:05:28Z

Ljus: Created page with "Ju, väl and nog and their use in oral language Swedish people use "ju", "väl" and "nog" often in spoken language, for example in oral situations, also when writing a chatt..."

Ju, väl and nog and their use in oral language

Swedish people use "ju", "väl" and "nog" often in spoken language, for example in oral situations, also when writing a chatt or dialogue.

But in which cases do you use which? And what does it mean exactly?

1. Ju (=jag vet det.)
Means "of course, you know", so the speaker is sure about what he/she is saying, due to knowledge and/or made experience. The speaker also supposes that the people who listen will agree also with what he/she say.

It is of course difficult to learn German.
Det är ju svårt att lära sig tyska.

2. Väl (=jag antar det.)
Means surely, I suppose, so the speaker hopes that the people, who listen will agree with what is says, but only most probable.

Question, Person A: Bör vi prata engelska eller tyska den här gången?/ Shall vi talk english or German?
Answer, Person B: Engelska behöver vi väl inte prata. (Because this person can speak English already well and/or has just no wish to train more). /I suppose/Surely, we need not speak English.

That's also more polite than to say "Nej, det gör vi inte."/"No, we don't do that." And Swedish people love then to be in the golden middle.

3. Nog (=Jag gissar det)

Means presumably, probably, ”I guess…”, so the speaker is not sure and least sure of all three options here, he or she thinks so, but has no certain knowledge

Det regnar nog idåg. (=It might most probably rain today. -> But I can not know this, it is not raining yet, but maybe I see dark cloudes coming.
Jag kommer nog att klara mig. (=I will most probably get healthy again). -> Maybe I start feeling better, I do something for my health etc.

I am not Swedish, so please correct me here or add information. Well, I study Swedish and I found these information interesting, especially because using these small words in oral language are typically Swedish. But I suppose Swedish people might not be so aware of it, just using them. Using "ju", "väl" and "nog" as a Non-Swedish person makes yourself right away a little more Swedish. So have fun with them, Ljus