Polyglot Club WIKI - User contributions [en]

Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Colors

2020-04-25T15:37:06Z

Fabbyfabi:

[[File:Kazakh-language-lesson-polyglot-club.jpg|thumb]]
==Colors==

*<big>Black - қара (qara)</big>

*<big>White - ақ (aq)</big>

*<big>Red - қызыл (qyzyl)</big>

*<big>Orange - сарғыш/қызғылт сары (sarģysh/qyzģylt sary)</big>

*<big>Yellow - сары (sary)</big>

*<big>Green - жасыл (jasyl)</big>

*<big>Sky blue - көгілдір (kógildir)</big>

*<big>Blue - көк (kók)</big>

*<big>Purple - күлгін (kúlgin)</big>

*<big>Pink - қызғылт (qyzģylt)</big>

*<big>Brown - қоңыр (qońyr)</big>

Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Family-in-many-languages

2020-04-21T10:09:05Z

Fabbyfabi: /* Family General Vocabulary */ corrected some mistakes

[[File:family.jpg|thumb]]
<div style="font-size:300%;">Family members in different languages</div>
How do we talk about family members in different languages? It's an interesting question.

For many languages like English, French, Spanish ..., it's rather simple. However, for other languages like Swedish, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Tamil... words can be really specific and complicated.

For example, in Korean, there is a word for "father's unmarried younger brother", can you believe it?

'''Feel free to edit this page and add the vocabulary for your own language.'''

== The Family Vocabulary in Several Languages ==
===Family General Vocabulary===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!|English
!|French
!|Spanish
!|Italian
!|Arabic
!|Turkish
!|German
!|Portuguese
!|Russian
!|Polish
!Indonesian
!Esperanto
!Greek
!persian
|-
|parents
|les parents
|los padres
|i genitori
|الآباء
|ebeveynler
|die Eltern
|os pais
|родители
|rodzice
|orangtua
|gepatroj
|οι γονείς
|والدین
|-
|mother
|la mère
|la madre
|la madre
|أم
|anne
|die Mutter
|a mãe
|мать
|mama
|ibu
|patrino
|η μητέρα
|مادر
|-
|mom
|la maman
|la mamá
|la mamma
|أمي
|anne
|die Mama
|a mamãe
|мама
|mama
|mama
|panjo
|η μαμά
|مامان
|-
|father
|le père
|el padre
|il padre
|الآب
|baba
|der Vater
|o pai
|отец
|ojciec
|ayah
|patro
|ο πατέρας
|پدر
|-
|dad
|le papa
|el papá
|il papà
|أب
|baba
|der Papa
|o papai
|папа
|tata
|papa
|paĉjo
|ο μπαμπάς
|بابا
|-
|son
|le fils
|el hijo
|il figlio
|ابن
|oğul
|der Sohn
|o filho
|сын
|syn
|putra
|filo
|ο γιός
|پسر
|-
|daughter
|la fille
|la hija
|la figlia
|ابنة
|kız evlat
|die Tochter
|a filha
|дочь
|córka
|putri
|filino
|η κόρη
|دختر
|-
|elder brother
|le frère aîné
|el hermano mayor
|il fratello maggiore
|الأخ الأكبر
|ağabey
|der älterer Bruder
|o irmão mais velho
|старший брат
|starszy brat
|kakak
|pliaĝa frato
|ο μεγαλύτερος αδελφός
|برادر بزرگتر
|-
|younger brother
|le frère cadet
|el hermano más joven
|il fratello minore
|الأخ الأصغر
|küçük kardeş
|der jüngerer Bruder
|o irmão mais novo
|младший брат
|młodszy brat
|adik
|pli juna frato
|ο μικρότερος αδελφός
|برادر کوچکتر
|-
|elder sister
|la soeur ainée
|la hermana mayor
|la sorella maggiore
|الأخت الأكبر سنا
|abla
|die ältere Schwester
|a irmã mais velha
|старшая сестра
|starsza siostra
|kakak
|pliaĝa fratino
|η μεγαλύτερη αδελφή
|خواهربزرگتر
|-
|younger sister
|la sœur cadette
|la hermana menor
|la sorella minore
|الأخت الأصغر
|küçük kız kardeş
|die jüngere Schwester
|a irmã mais nova
|младшая сестра
|młodsza siostra
|adik
|pli juna fratino
|η νεότερη αδελφή
|خواهرکوچکتر
|-
|wife
|la femme
|la esposa
|la moglie
|زوجة
|eş/karı
|die Ehefrau
|a esposa
|жена
|żona
|istri
|edzino
|(η) σύζυγος
|همسر
|-
|husband
|le mari
|el marido
|il marito
|الزوج
|eş/koca
|der Mann
|o marido
|муж
|mąż
|suami
|edzo
|(ο) σύζυγος
|شوهر
|-
|aunt
|la tante
|la tía
|la zia
|عمة
|teyze
|die Tante
|a tia
|тётя
|ciocia
|tante
|onklino
|η θεία
|عمه
|-
|uncle
|l'oncle
|el tío
|il zio
|اخو الام
|amca(dad)/
dayı(mom)
|der Onkel
|o tio
|дядя
|wujek
|paman
|onklo
|ο θείος
|دایی
|-
|male cousin
|le cousin
|el primo
|il cugino
|ابن عم الذكور
|erkek kuzen
|der Cousin
|o primo
|двоюродный брат
|kuzyn
|sepupu laki laki
|kuzo
|ο
(ε) ξάδελφος,
|پسرعمو
|-
|female cousin
|la cousine
|la prima
|la cugina
|ابنة العم
|kız kuzen
|die Cousine
|a prima
|двоюродная сестра
|kuzynka
|sepupu perempuan
|kuzino
|η (ε)ξαδέλφη,
|دخترعمو
|-
|nephew
|le neveu
|el sobrino
|il nipote
|ابن أخ
|erkek yeğen
|der Neffe
|o sobrinho
|племянник
|bratanek
|keponakan
|nevo
|ο ανηψιός
|پسرخواهر / پسر برادر
|-
|niece
|la nièce
|la sobrina
|la nipote
|ابنة الاخ
|kız yeğen
|die Nichte
|a sobrinha
|племянница
|siostrzenica
|keponakan
|nevino
|η ανηψιά
|دختربرادر / دخترخواهر
|-
|grandparents
|les grands-parents
|los abuelos
|i nonni
|الجد والجدة
|nine ve dede
|die Großeltern
|os avós
|дедушка и бабушка
|dziadkowie
|kakek-nenek
|geavoj
|ο παπούς και η γιαγιά
|پدربزرگ ومادربزرگ
|-
|grandmother
|la grand-mère
|la abuela
|la nonna
|جدة
|büyükanne/
nine
|die Großmutter
|a avó
|бабушка
|babcia
|nenek
|avino
|η γιαγιά
|مادربزرگ
|-
|grandfather
|le grand-père
|el abuelo
|il nonno
|جد
|büyük baba/
dede
|die Großvater
|o avô
|дедушка
|dziadek
|kakek
|avo
|ο παπούς
|پدربزرگ
|-
|grandchildren
|les petits-enfants
|los nietos
|i nipoti
|أحفاد
|torun
|die Enkelkinder
|os netos
|Внуки
|wnuki
|cucu
|genepoj
|το εγγόνι
|نوه ها
|-
|grandson
|le petit-fils
|el nieto
|il nipote
|حفيد
|erkek torun
|der Enkel
|o neto
|внук
|wnuk
|cucu
|nepo
|ο εγγονός
|نوه پسر
|-
|granddaughter
|la petite-fille
|la nieta
|la nipote
|حفيدة
|kız torun
|die Enkelin
|a neta
|внучка
|wnuczka
|cucu
|nepino
|η εγγονή
|نوه دختر
|-
|great-grandfather
|l'arrière-grand-père
|el bisabuelo
|il bisnonno
|الجد الأكبر
|büyük büyükbaba
|der Urgroßvater
|o bisavô
|прадед
|świetny dziadek
|kakek buyut
|praavo
|ο προπάπος
|پدر پدربزرگ/جد
|-
|great-grandmother
|l'arrière-grand-mère
|la bisabuela
|la bisnonna
|جدة عظيمة
|büyük büyükanne
|die Urgroßmutter
|a bisavó
|пра-прабабушка
|pra babcia
|nenek buyut
|praavino
|η προγιαγιά
|مادرمادربزرگ-مادرپدربزرگ/جد
|-
|godmother
|la marraine
|la madrina
|la madrina
|العرابة
|vaftiz anası
|die Patin
|a madrinha
|крестная мама
|matka chrzestna
|ibu babtis
|baptopatrino
|η νονά
|<nowiki>-----</nowiki>
|-
|godfather
|le parrain
|el padrino
|il padrino
|أب روحي
|mafya babası
|der Pate
|o padrinho
|Крестный отец
|ojciec chrzestny
|bapa baptis
|baptopatro
|ο νονός
|<nowiki>-----</nowiki>
|-
|brother-in-law
|le beau-frère
|el cuñado
|il cognato
|شقيق الزوج
|kayınbirader
|der Schwager
|o cunhado
|шурин
|szwagier
|saudara ipar
|bofrato
|ο κουνιάδος
|برادرزن/برادرشوهر/داماد
|-
|sister-in-law
|la belle-soeur
|la cuñada
|la cognata
|مثل اختي
|üvey kızkardeş
|die Stiefschwester
|a cunhada
|сводная сестра
|przyrodnia siostra
|saudara tiri
|bofratino
|η κουνιάδα
|خواهرزن/خواهرشوهر/زن برادر/جاری/زن برادرزن
|-
|mother-in-law
|la belle-mère
|la suegra
|la suocera
|حماة " أم الزوج أو أم الزوجة
|kayınvalide
|die Schwiegermutter
|a sogra
|свекровь
|teściowa
|ibu mertua
|bopatrino
|η πεθερά
|مادرزن/مادرشوهر/مادرخوانده
|-
|father-in-law
|le beau-père
|el suegro
|il suocero
|ووالد بالتبنى
|kayınpeder
|der Schwiegervater
|o sogro
|тесть
|teść
|ayah mertua
|bopatro
|ο πεθερός
|پدرزن/پدرشوهر
|-
|son-in-law
|le beau-fils
|el yerno
|il genero
|ابنه قانونياً
|damat
|der Schwiegersohn
|o genro
|зять
|zięć
|menantu
|bofilo
| ο γαμπρός
|داماد/پسر خوانده
|-
|daughter-in-law
|la belle-fille
|la nuera
|la nuora
|ابنة بالنسب
|gelin
|die Schwiegertochter
|a nora
|невестка
|synowa
|menantu
|bofilino
| η νύφη
|عروس
|}

===Family Specific Vocabulary===
==== Family in Egyptian Arabic====
https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Egyptian-arabic/Vocabulary/Family
==== Family in Polish====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Polish
!English
|-
|bratowa
|brother’s wife
|-
|szwagier
|sister’s husband
|-
|szwagier
|wife’s brother
|-
|szwagierka
|wife’s sister
|-
|szwagierka
|husband’s sister
|-
|siostrzenica
|sister’s daughter
|-
|bratanica
|brother’s daughter
|-
|siostrzeniec
|sister’s son
|-
|bratanek
|brother’s son
|-
|zięć
|daughter’s husband
|-
|synowa
|son’s wife
|-
|teść
|wife’s (or husband’s) father
|-
|teściowa
|wife’s (or husband’s) mother
|}

==== Family in Swedish ====
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Swedish
|-
|'''grandparents generation'''
|'''farföräldrar och morföräldrar generation'''
|-
|father's father
|farfar
|-
|father's mother
|farmor
|-
|mother's father
|morfar
|-
|mother's mother
|mormor
|-
|'''parents generation'''
|'''föräldrar generation'''
|-
|father
|far
|-
|mother
|mor
|-
|father's brother
|farbror
|-
|mother's brother
|morbror
|-
|father's sister
|faster
|-
|mother's sister
|moster
|-
|godfather
|gudfader
|-
|godmother
|gudmor
|-
|father-in-law
|svärfar
|-
|mother-in-law
|svärmor
|-
|'''peers'''
|'''jämlikar'''
|-
|brother
|bror
|-
|sister
|syster
|-
|cousin
|kusin
|-
|wife
|fru
|-
|husband
|man
|-
|brother-in-law
|svåger
|-
|sister-in-law
|svägerska
|-
|'''children generation'''
|'''barn generation'''
|-
|son
|son
|-
|daughter
|dotter
|-
|brother's son
|brorson
|-
|sister's son
|systerson
|-
|brother's daughter
|brorsdotter
|-
|sister's daughter
|systerdotter
|-
|son-in-law
|svärson
|-
|daughter-in-law
|svärdotter
|-
|'''grandchildren generation'''
|'''barnbarn generation'''
|-
|son's son
|sonson
|-
|daughter's son
|dotterson
|-
|son's daughter
|sondotter
|-
|daughter's daughter
|dotterdotter
|}

==== Family in Japanese ====
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |English
! colspan="4" |Japanese
|-
!in else's family
!in own family to own family
!in own family to else
!not relative to etiquette
|-
|'''great-grandparents generation'''
| colspan="4" |'''曾祖父母世代・曽祖父母世代（そうそふぼせだい）'''
|-
|great-grandfather
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" |曾祖父・曽祖父（そうそふ）
|-
|great-grandmother
| colspan="2" | -
| colspan="2" |曾祖母・曽祖母（そうそぼ）
|-
|'''grandparents generation'''
| colspan="4" |'''祖父母世代（そふぼせだい）'''
|-
|grandfather
| colspan="2" |お爺さん（おじいさん）
| colspan="2" |祖父（そふ）
|-
|grandmother
| colspan="2" |お婆さん（おばあさん）
| colspan="2" |祖母（そぼ）
|-
|'''parents generation'''
| colspan="4" |'''親世代（おやせだい）'''
|-
|father
| colspan="2" |お父さん（おとうさん）
|父（ちち）
|父親（ちちおや）
|-
|mother
| colspan="2" |お母さん（おかあさん）
|母（はは）
|母親（ははおや）
|-
|elder uncle
| colspan="2" |伯父さん（おじさん）
| colspan="2" |伯父（おじ）
|-
|elder aunt
| colspan="2" |伯母さん（おばさん）
| colspan="2" |伯母（おば）
|-
|younger uncle
| colspan="2" |叔父さん（おじさん）
| colspan="2" |叔父（おじ）
|-
|younger aunt
| colspan="2" |叔母さん（おばさん）
| colspan="2" |叔母（おば）
|-
|father-in-law
| colspan="2" | -
| -
|義父（ぎふ）
|-
|mother-in-law
| colspan="2" | -
| -
|義母（ぎぼ）
|-
|'''peers'''
| colspan="4" |'''同僚（どうりょう）'''
|-
|elder brother
|お兄さん（おにさん）
|お兄ちゃん（おにちゃん）
| colspan="2" |兄（あに）
|-
|elder sister
|お姉さん（おねえさん）
|お姉ちゃん（おねえちゃん）
| colspan="2" |姉（あね）
|-
|younger brother
|弟さん（おとうとさん）
| -
| colspan="2" |弟（おとうと）
|-
|younger sister
|妹さん（いもうとさん）
| -
| colspan="2" |妹（いもうと）
|-
|elder male cousin
| -
| -
| colspan="2" |従兄（いとこ）
|-
|elder female cousin
| -
| -
| colspan="2" |従姉（いとこ）
|-
|younger male cousin
| -
| -
| colspan="2" |従弟（いとこ）
|-
|younger female cousin
| -
| -
| colspan="2" |従妹（いとこ）
|-
|'''children generation'''
| colspan="4" |'''子供の世代（こどものせだい）'''
|-
|son
|息子さん（むすこさん）
| -
| colspan="2" |息子（むすこ）
|-
|daughter
|お嬢さん（おじょうさん）
| -
| colspan="2" |娘（むすめ）
|-
|nephew
| -
| -
| -
|甥（おい）
|-
|niece
| -
| -
| -
|姪（めい）
|-
|son-in-law
| -
| -
| -
|義理の息子（ぎりのむすこ）
|-
|daughter-in-law
| -
| -
| -
|義理の娘（ぎりのむすめ）
|-
|'''grandchildren generation'''
| colspan="4" |'''孫世代（まごせだい）'''
|-
|grandson
| -
| -
| -
|孫（まご）
|-
|granddaughter
| -
| -
| -
|孫娘（まごむすめ）
|-
|'''great-grandchildren generation'''
| colspan="4" |'''曾孫世代・曽孫世代（ひまごせだい）'''
|-
|great-grandson
| -
| -
| -
|曾孫（ひまご）
|-
|great-granddaughter
| -
| -
| -
|曾孫娘（ひまごむすめ）
|}

'''There is also an honorific suffix ～様（～さま）, replacing ～さん and ～ちゃん. '''

==== Family in Korean ====
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Korean
|-
|'''great-grandparents generation'''
|'''증조부모 세대(曾祖父母世代)'''
|-
|great-grandfather
|증조부(曾祖父)
|-
|great-grandmother
|증조모(曾祖母)
|-
|'''grandparents generation'''
|'''조부모 세대(祖父母世代)'''
|-
|grandfather
|할아버지
|-
|grandmother
|할머니
|-
|'''parents generation'''
|'''부모 세대(父母世代)'''
|-
|father
|아버지
|-
|mother
|어머니
|-
|father's elder brother
|큰아버지
|-
|father's elder brother's wife
|큰어머니
|-
|father's married younger brother
|작은아버지
|-
|father's younger brother's wife
|작은어머니
|-
|father's unmarried younger brother
|삼촌
|-
|mother's brother
|외삼촌(外三寸)
|-
|father's sister
|고모(姑母)
|-
|father's sister's husband
|고모부(姑母夫)
|-
|mother's elder sister
|이모(姨母)
|-
|mother's younger sister
|이모(姨母)
|-
|mother's elder sister's husband
|이모부(姨母夫)
|-
|mother's younger sister's husband
|이모부(姨母夫)
|-
|parent's brother's wife
|숙모(叔母)
|-
|distant uncle
|아저씨
|-
|distant aunt
|아줌마
|-
|''wife's parents''
|''처부모(妻父母)''
|-
|wife's father
|장인(丈人)
|-
|wife's mother
|장모(丈母)
|-
|''husband's parents''
|''시부모(媤父母)''
|-
|husband's father
|시아버지(媤-)
|-
|husband's mother
|시어머니(媤-)
|-
|godfather
|대부(代父)
|-
|godmother
|대모(代母)
|-
|stepfather
|새아버지, 계부(繼父)
|-
|stepmother
|새어머니, 계모(繼母)
|-
|'''peers'''
|'''동료(同僚)'''
|-
|''sibling(s)''
|''형제자매(兄弟姊妹)''
|-
|''brother(s)''
|''형제(兄弟)''
|-
|elder brother, of a male
|형(兄)
|-
|elder brother, of a female
|오빠
|-
|elder brother's wife
|형수(兄嫂)
|-
|younger brother
|동생(同生), 남동생(男同生)
|-
|younger brother's wife
|제수(弟嫂)
|-
|''sister(s)''
|''누이, 자매(姊妹)''
|-
|elder sister, of a male
|누나
|-
|elder sister, of a female
|언니
|-
|elder sister's husband
|자형(姉兄, 姊兄)
|-
|younger sister
|동생(同生), 여동생, 누이동생
|-
|younger sister's husband
|매부(妹夫)
|-
|''cousin(s)''
|''사촌(四寸)''
|-
|male cousin
|남자사촌(男子四寸)
|-
|female cousin
|여자사촌(女子四寸)
|-
|''spouse(s)''
|''배우자(配偶者)''
|-
|husband
|남편(男便)
|-
|wife
|아내
|-
|wife's brother
|처남(妻男)
|-
|wife's elder sister
|처형(妻兄)
|-
|wife's younger sister
|처제(妻弟)
|-
|husband's brother
|시숙(媤叔)
|-
|husband's sister
|시누이(媤-)
|-
|'''children generation'''
|'''어린이 세대(-世代)'''
|-
|son
|아들
|-
|daughter
|딸
|-
|step son
|사위, 의붓아들
|-
|step daughter
|며느리, 의붓딸
|-
|nephew
|조카
|-
|niece
|조카딸, 질녀(姪女)
|-
|'''grandchildren generation'''
|'''손자 세대(孫子世代)'''
|-
|son's son
|손자(孫子)
|-
|son's daughter
|손녀(孫女)
|-
|daughter's son
|외손자(外孫子)
|-
|daughter's daughter
|외손녀(外孫女)
|-
|'''great-grandchildren generation'''
|'''증손자 세대(曾孫子世代)'''
|-
|great-grandson
|증손자(曾孫子)
|-
|great-granddaughter
|증손녀(曾孫女)
|}

==== Family in Tamil ====
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Tamil
|-
|'''great-grandparents generation'''
|'''கொள்ளுப்பட்டார்கள்'''
|-
|great-grandfather
|கொள்ளுத்தாத்தா
|-
|great-grandmother
|கொள்ளுப்பாட்டி
|-
|'''grandparents generation'''
|'''பாட்டார்கள்'''
|-
|grandfather
|தாத்தா
|-
|grandmother
|பாட்டி
|-
|'''parents generation'''
|'''பெற்றோர்கள்'''
|-
|father
|தந்தை
|-
|dad
|அப்பா
|-
|mother
|தாய்
|-
|mom
|அம்மா
|-
|father's elder brother OR mother's elder sister's husband
|பெரியப்பா
|-
|father's elder brother's wife OR mother's elder sister
|பெரியம்மா
|-
|father's younger brother OR mother's younger sister's husband
|சித்தப்பா
|-
|father's younger brother's wife OR mother's younger sister
|சித்தி
|-
|mother's brother OR father's sister's husband
|மாமா
|-
|father's sister
|அத்தை
|-
|spouse's father
|மாமனார்
|-
|spouse's mother
|மாமியார்
|-
|stepfather
|மாற்றாந்
|-
|stepmother
|மாற்றாந்தாய்
|-
|godfather
|காட்பாதர்
|-
|godmother
|மூதாட்டி
|-
|'''peers'''
|'''நம்ம தலைமுறை'''
|-
|''sibling(s)''
|உடன்பிறப்புகள்
|-
|''brother(s)''
|''சகோதரன்''
|-
|elder brother
|அண்ணா
|-
|elder brother's wife
|அண்ணி
|-
|younger brother
|தம்பி
|-
|younger brother's wife
|கொழுந்தி
|-
|''sister(s)''
|''சகோதரி''
|-
|elder sister
|அக்கா
|-
|elder sister's husband
|மைத்துனன்
|-
|younger sister
|தங்கச்சி
|-
|younger sister's husband OR husband's younger brother
|கொழுந்தன்
|-
|''spouse(s)''
|''துணைவர்''
|-
|husband
|கணவர், பருசன்
|-
|wife
|மனைவி
|-
|spouse's elder brother
|மாமா
|-
|wife's younger brother
|மச்சான்
|-
|wife's older sister
|மைத்துனி
|-
|wife's younger sister
|மச்சினிச்சி
|-
|'''children generation'''
|'''குழந்தைகள் தலைமுறை'''
|-
|son
|மகன்
|-
|daughter
|மகள்
|-
|step son
|மருமகன், மாற்றான்மகன்
|-
|step daughter
|மருமகள், மாற்றான்மகள்
|-
|nephew
|மச்சான்
|-
|niece
|மச்சினிச்சி
|-
|'''grandchildren generation'''
|'''பேரப்பிள்ளைகள் தலைமுறை'''
|-
|grandson
|பேரன்
|-
|granddaughter
|பேத்தி
|-
|'''great-grandchildren generation'''
|'''கொள்ளு பேரக்குழந்தைகள் தலைமுறை'''
|-
|great-grandson
|கொள்ளுப்பேரன்
|-
|great-granddaughter
|கொள்ளுப்பேத்தி
|}

==== Family in Chinese ====
"Calculator" for it: https://www.relativescalc.com/
{| class="wikitable"
|+Terms may vary due to regional differences, here's a possible, practical case.
! rowspan="2" |English
! colspan="2" |Mandarin Chinese
|-
!'''formal'''
!'''colloquial'''
|-
|'''great-great-grandparents generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''高祖輩/高祖辈 (gāozǔbèi)'''
|-
|father's great-grandfather
| colspan="2" |高祖父 (gāozǔfù)
|-
|father's great-grandmother
| colspan="2" |高祖母 (gāozǔmǔ)
|-
|mother's great-grandfather
| colspan="2" |高外公 (gāowàigōng)
|-
|mother's great-grandmother
| colspan="2" |高外婆 (gāowàipó)
|-
|'''great-grandparents generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''曾祖輩/曾祖辈 (zēngzǔbèi)'''
|-
|father's grandfather
|曾祖父 (zēngzǔfù)
|老爺爺/老爷爷 (lǎoyéye)
|-
|father's grandmother
|曾祖母 (zēngzǔmǔ)
|老奶奶 (lǎonǎinai)
|-
|mother's grandfather
|曾外公 (zēngwàigōng)
|老姥爺/老姥爷 (lǎolǎoye)
|-
|mother's grandmother
|曾外婆 (zēngwàipó)
|老姥娘 (lǎolǎoniang)
|-
|'''grandparents generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''祖輩/祖辈 (zǔbèi)'''
|-
|father's father
|祖父 (zǔfù)
|爺爺/爷爷 (yéye)
|-
|father's mother
|祖母 (zǔmǔ)
|奶奶 (nǎinai)
|-
|mother's father
|外公 (wàigōng)
|姥爺/姥爷 (lǎoye)
|-
|mother's mother
|外婆 (wàipó)
|姥娘 (lǎoniang)
|-
|father's elder uncle
| colspan="2" |伯祖父 (bózǔfù)
|-
|father's elder uncle's wife
| colspan="2" |伯祖母 (bózǔmǔ)
|-
|mother's elder uncle
| colspan="2" |伯外公 (bówàigōng)
|-
|mother's elder uncle's wife
| colspan="2" |伯外婆 (bówàipó)
|-
|father's younger uncle
| colspan="2" |叔祖父 (shūzǔfù)
|-
|father's younger uncle's wife
| colspan="2" |叔祖母 (shūzǔmǔ)
|-
|mother's younger uncle
| colspan="2" |叔外公 (shūwàigōng)
|-
|mother's younger uncle's wife
| colspan="2" |叔外婆 (shūwàipó)
|-
|'''parents generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''父母輩/父母辈 (fùmǔbèi)'''
|-
|father
|父親/父亲 (fùqin)
|爸爸 (bàba), 爹 (diē)
|-
|mother
|母親/母亲 (mǔqin)
|媽媽/妈妈 (māma), 娘 (niáng)
|-
|father's elder brother
|伯父 (bófù)
|伯伯 (bóbo)
|-
|father's elder brother's wife
| colspan="2" |伯母 (bómǔ)
|-
|father's younger brother
|叔父 (shūfù)
|叔叔 (shūshu)
|-
|father's younger brother's wife
|叔母 (shūmǔ)
|嬸嬸/婶婶 (shěnshen)
|-
|mother's brother
|舅父 (jiùfù)
|舅舅 (jiùjiu)
|-
|mother's brother's wife
| colspan="2" |舅母 (jiùmǔ)
|-
|father's sister
|姑母 (gūmǔ)
|姑姑 (gūgu)
|-
|father's sister's husband
| colspan="2" |姑父 (gūfu)
|-
|mother's sister
|姨母 (yímǔ)
|姨 (yí)
|-
|mother's sister's husband
| colspan="2" |姨父 (yífu)
|-
|wife's father
|丈父 (zhàngfù)
|岳父 (yuèfù)
|-
|wife's mother
|丈母 (zhàngmǔ)
|岳母 (yuèmǔ)
|-
|husband's father
|公父 (gōngfù)
|公公 (gōnggong)
|-
|husband's mother
|婆母 (pómǔ)
|婆婆 (pópo)
|-
|godfather
| colspan="2" |教父 (jiàofù)
|-
|godmother
| colspan="2" |教母 (jiàomǔ)
|-
|stepfather
|繼父/继父 (jìfù)
|後爸/后爸 (hòubà)
|-
|stepmother
|繼母/继母 (jìmǔ)
|後媽/后妈 (hòumā)
|-
|'''peers'''
| colspan="2" |'''同輩/同辈 (tóngbèi)'''
|-
|''sibling (s)''
| colspan="2" |''兄弟姊妹/兄弟姐妹 (xiōngdì jiěmèi)''
|-
|''brother (s)''
| colspan="2" |''兄弟 (xiōngdì)''
|-
|elder brother
|兄 (xiōng)
|哥哥 (gēge)
|-
|elder brother's wife
|兄嫂 (xiōngsǎo)
| 嫂嫂 (sǎosao)
|-
|''sister (s)''
| colspan="2" |''姊妹/姐妹 (jiěmèi)''
|-
|elder sister
|姊/姐 (jiě)
|姊姊/姐姐 (jiějie)
|-
|elder sister's husband
| colspan="2" |姊夫/姐夫 (jiěfu)
|-
|younger brother
|弟 (dì)
|弟弟 (dìdi)
|-
|younger brother's wife
| colspan="2" |弟妹 (dìmèi)
|-
|younger sister
|妹 (mèi)
|妹妹 (mèimei)
|-
|younger sister's husband
| colspan="2" |妹夫 (mèifu)
|-
|elder male cousin, father's brother's son
|堂兄 (tángxiōng)
|堂哥 (tánggē)
|-
|elder male cousin's wife, father's brother's son's wife
| colspan="2" |堂嫂 (tángsǎo)
|-
|elder female cousin, father's brother's daughter
| colspan="2" |堂姊/堂姐 (tángjiě)
|-
|elder female cousin's husband, father's brother's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |堂姊夫/堂姐夫 (tángjiěfu)
|-
|elder male cousin, father's sister's son OR mother's sibling's son
|表兄 (biǎoxiōng)
|表哥 (biǎogē)
|-
|elder male cousin's wife, father's sister's son's wife
| colspan="2" |表嫂 (biǎosǎo)
|-
|elder female cousin, father's sister's daughter OR mother's sibling's daughter
| colspan="2" |表姊/表姐 (biǎojiě)
|-
|elder female cousin's husband, father's sister's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |表姊夫/表姐夫 (biǎojiěfu)
|-
|younger male cousin, father's brother's son
| colspan="2" |堂弟 (tángdì)
|-
|younger male cousin's wife, father's brother's son's wife
| colspan="2" |堂弟妹 (tángdìmèi)
|-
|younger female cousin, father's brother's daughter
| colspan="2" |堂妹 (tángmèi)
|-
|younger female cousin's husband, father's brother's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |堂妹夫 (tángmèifu)
|-
|younger male cousin, father's sister's son OR mother's sibling's son
| colspan="2" |表弟 (biǎodì)
|-
|younger male cousin's wife, father's sister's son's wife
| colspan="2" |表弟妹 (biǎodìmèi)
|-
|younger female cousin, father's sister's daughter OR mother's sibling's daughter
| colspan="2" |表妹 (biǎomèi)
|-
|younger female cousin's husband, father's sister's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |表妹夫 (biǎomèifu)
|-
|''spouse''
| colspan="2" |''配偶 (pèi'ǒu)''
|-
|wife
|妻子 (qīzǐ)
|老婆 (lǎopó)
|-
|husband
|丈夫 (zhàngfu)
|老公 (lǎogōng)
|-
|'''children generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''子女輩/子女辈 (zǐnǚbèi)'''
|-
|son
| colspan="2" |兒子/儿子 (érzi)
|-
|son's wife
| colspan="2" |媳婦/媳妇 (xífù)
|-
|daughter
| colspan="2" |女兒/女儿 (nǚ'ér)
|-
|daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |女婿 (nǚxu)
|-
|brother's son
| colspan="2" |侄子 (zhízi)
|-
|brother's son's wife
| colspan="2" |侄媳妇 (zhíxífù)
|-
|brother's daughter
| colspan="2" |侄女 (zhínǚ)
|-
|brother's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |侄女婿 (zhínǚxu)
|-
|sister's son
| colspan="2" |外甥 (wàisheng)
|-
|sister's son's wife
| colspan="2" |外甥媳婦/外甥媳妇 (wàishengxífù)
|-
|sister's daughter
| colspan="2" |外甥女 (wàishengnǚ)
|-
|sister's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |外甥女婿 (wàishengnǚxu)
|-
|stepson
| colspan="2" |繼子/继子 (jìzǐ)
|-
|stepdaughter
| colspan="2" |繼女/继女 (jìnǚ)
|-
|'''grandchildren generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''孫輩/孙辈 (sūnbèi)'''
|-
|son's son
| colspan="2" |孫子/孙子 (sūnzi)
|-
|son's son's wife
| colspan="2" |孫媳婦/孙媳妇 (sūnxífù)
|-
|son's daughter
| colspan="2" |孫女/孙女 (sūnnǚ)
|-
|son's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |孫女婿/孙女婿 (sūnnǚxu)
|-
|daughter's son
| colspan="2" |外孫子/外孙子 (wàisūnzi)
|-
|daughter's son's wife
| colspan="2" |外孫媳婦/外孙媳妇 (wàisūnxífù)
|-
|daughter's daughter
| colspan="2" |外孫女/外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)
|-
|daughter's daughter's husband
| colspan="2" |外孫女婿/外孙女婿 (wàisūnnǚxu)
|-
|brother's grandson
| colspan="2" |侄孙子 (zhísūnzi)
|-
|brother's granddaughter
| colspan="2" |侄孙女 (zhísūnnǚ)
|-
|sister's grandson
| colspan="2" |外甥孫子/外甥孙子 (wàishengsūnzi)
|-
|sister's granddaughter
| colspan="2" |外甥孫女/外甥孙女 (wàishengsūnnǚ)
|-
|'''great-grandchildren generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''曾孫輩/曾孙辈 (zēngsūnbèi)'''
|-
|great-grandson
|曾孫子/曾孙子 (zēngsūnzi)
|重孫子/重孙子 (chóngsūnzi)
|-
|great-granddaughter
|曾孫女/曾孙女 (zēngsūnnǚ)
|重孫女/重孙女 (chóngsūnnǚ)
|-
|'''great-great-grandchildren generation'''
| colspan="2" |'''玄孫輩/玄孙辈 (xuánsūnbèi)'''
|-
|great-great-grandson
| colspan="2" |玄孫子/玄孙子 (xuánsūnzi)
|-
|great-great-granddaughter
| colspan="2" |玄孫女/玄孙女 (xuánsūnnǚ)
|}

====Family in Hugarian====

In Hungarian there are separate words for older brother/sister, younger brother/sister or just sibling.

{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Hungarian
|-
|family
|család
|-
|parent
|szülő
|-
|father
|apa
|-
|mother
|anya
|-
|child
|gyerek, gyermek
|-
|son (boy)
|fiú
|-
|daughter (girl)
|lány
|-
|spouse
|házastárs
|-
|husband
|férj
|-
|wife
|feleség
|-
|siblings
|testvér
|-
|brother
|fivér (rare) báty (elder) öcs (younger)
|-
|sister
|lánytestvér (rare) nővér (elder) húg (younger)
|-
|uncle
|nagybácsi
|-
|uncle's wife
|ángy
|-
|aunt
|nagynéni
|-
|cousin
|unokatestvér
|-
|nephew
|unokabáty (elder) unokaöcs (younger)
|-
|niece
|unokanovér (elder) unokahúg (younger)
|-
|grandparent
|nagyszülő
|-
|grandfather
|nagyapa, nagypapa
|-
|grandmother
|nagyanya, nagymama
|-
|grandchild
|unoka
|-
|great grandparent
|dédszülő
|-
|great grandfather
|dédapa, dédpapa
|-
|great grandmother
|dédanya, dédmama
|-
|great grandchild
|dédunoka
|-
|great-great-grandparent
|ükszülő
|-
|great-great-grandchild
|szépunoka
|-
|great uncle
|dédnagybácsi
|-
|great aunt
|dédnagynéni
|-
|father-in-law
|após, ipa (archaic)
|-
|mother-in-law
|anyós, napa (archaic)
|-
|brother-in-law
|sógor
|-
|sister-in-law
|sógornő
|-
|son-in-law
|vej
|-
|daughter-in-law
|meny
|-
|child's parents-in-law
|nászszülő
|-
|child's father-in-law
|nász, nászúr
|-
|child's mother-in-law
|nászasszony
|-
|ancestors
|ősök
|-
|progeny
|utód, leszármazott
|-
|stepmother
|mostohaanya
|-
|stepchild
|mostohagyermek
|-
|foster father
|nevelőapa
|-
|foster mother
|nevelőanya
|-
|adopted child
|fogadott gyermek
|}
Source : https://www.omniglot.com/language/kinship/hungarian.htm

====Family in German====
In German there used to be separate names for uncles and aunts depending on whether they were the sibling of your mother or your father.
*Mother's side; Oheim - Muhme
*Father's side: Onkel - Tante

Today German only use Onkel and Tante.

====Family in Kazakh====

See: https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Family

====Family in Xhosa ====
Xhosa has a lot of terms. Brothers and sisters use different words for their siblings, the words for aunt and uncle differ based on whether they are maternal or paternal, there is even a word for "the first child born after twins".

{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Xhosa
|-
|family
|usapho
|-
|parents
|abazali
|-
|father
|ubawo; utata
|-
|mother
|umama
|-
|children
|bamntwana
|-
|son
|nyana
|-
|daughter
|intombi
|-
|husband
|umyeni
|-
|wife
|inkosikazi
|-
| rowspan="3" |brother
|ubhuti; ubhradha
|-
|umkhuluwa (older)
|-
|umninawa (younger)
|-
|sister
|usista; udade
|-
|uncle
|umalume
|-
| rowspan="2" |aunt
|udadobawo (father's sister)
|-
|umakazi (mother's sister)
|-
|cousin
|umzala
|-
|nephew
|umtshana
|-
|niece
|umtshana
|-
|grandfather
|utatomkhulu
|-
|grandmother
|umakhulu
|-
|grandson
|umzukulu
|-
|granddaughter
|umzukulu
|}
Source : https://www.omniglot.com/language/kinship/xhosa.htm

==Videos==
===Familiy in Spanish===
<youtube>FlKr_tC8YuU</youtube>

===Familiy in French===
<youtube>pZwiFOPg7NA</youtube>

===Family in Arabic===
<youtube>scfYsFSN7W0</youtube>

{{#seo:
|title=Table of FAMILY vocabulary in many languages
|keywords=words, english, spanish, french, german, russian
|description=This page includes family words translated into different languages.
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/4/4b/Family.jpg
}}

[[Category:Multiple-languages/Vocabulary]]

Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Family

2020-04-21T08:03:03Z

Fabbyfabi: Created page with "= Family and Relatives = <big>The are too many relative names in Kazakh, if I forgot something you can message me and I'll fix it.</big> {| class="wikitable" |English |Kazakh..."

= Family and Relatives =

<big>The are too many relative names in Kazakh, if I forgot something you can message me and I'll fix it.</big>
{| class="wikitable"
|English
|Kazakh
|Latin letter version
|-
|Family
|Отбасы
|Otbasy
|-
|Relative
|Туысқан
|Týysqan
|-
|Mother
|Ана
|Ana
|-
|Father
|Әке
|Áke
|-
|Parents
|Ата-ана
|Ata-ana
|-
|Brother (older)
|Аға
|Aģa
|-
|Brother (younger)
|Іні
|İni
|-
|Sister (older)
|Әпке
|Ápke
|-
| rowspan="2" |Sister (younger)
|Қарындас (for a boy)
|Qaryndas
|-
|Сіңлі (for a girl)
|Sińli
|-
|Grandmother
|Әже
|Áje
|-
|Grandfather
|Ата
|Ata
|-
|Grandchild
|Немере
|Nemere
|-
|Great-grandchild
|Шөбере
|Şóbere
|-
|Cousin
|Бөле
|bóle
|-
|Nephew/Niece
|Жиен
|Jıen
|-
|Aunt
|Тәте
|Táte
|-
|Uncle
|Нағашы
|Naģaşy
|-
|Wife
|Әйел
|Áıel
|-
|Husband
|Күйеу
|Kúıeý
|-
|Spouse
|Жұбай
|Jubaı
|-
|Daughter
|Қыз
|Qyz
|-
|Son
|Ұл
|Ul
|-
|Daughter-in-law
|Келін
|Kelin
|-
|Son-in-law
|Күйеу бала
|Kúıeý
|-
|Sister-in-law
|Жеңге
|Jeńge
|-
|Brother-in-law
|Жезде
|Jezde
|-
|Uncle’s wife
|Жеңеше
|Jeńge
|-
|Wife’s younger sis./bro.
|Балдыз/Қайын іні
|Baldyz/Qaıyn ini
|-
|Sisters’ husbands
|Бажа
|Baja
|-
|Brothers’ wives
|Абысын
|Abysyn
|-
|Married couple’s parents
|Құда
|Quda
|-
|Mother-in-law
|Ене
|Ene
|-
|Father-in-law
|Қайын ата
|Qaıyn ata
|-
|Stepmother
|Өгей ана
|Ógeı ana
|-
|Stepfather
|Өгей әке
|Ógeı áke
|-
|Stepdaughter/Stepson
|Өгей қыз/ұл
|Ógeı qyz/ul
|-
|Twins
|Егіздер
|Egizder
|-
|Twin sister/brother
|Сыңар
|Syńar
|}
There also "sides" in Kazakh. "Side" means relatives of that person.
{| class="wikitable"
|Father's side
|Өз жұрты
|Óz jurty
|-
|Mother's side
|Нағашы жұрты
|Naģaşy jurty
|-
|Spouse's side
|Қайын жұрты
|Qaıyn jurty
|}

Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Parts-of-the-Body

2020-04-19T16:54:02Z

Fabbyfabi: Created page with "== Parts of the body == Body - дене (dene) Head - бас (bas) Hair - шаш (şaş) Forehead - маңдай (mańdaı) Temple - самай (samaı) Eye - көз (kó..."

== Parts of the body ==
Body - дене (dene)

Head - бас (bas)

Hair - шаш (şaş)

Forehead - маңдай (mańdaı)

Temple - самай (samaı)

Eye - көз (kóz)

Eyebrow - қас (qas)

Eyelash - кірпік (kirpik)

Nose - мұрын (murın)

Ear - құлақ (qulaq)

Cheek - жақ (jaq)

Lip - ерін (erin)

Mouth - ауыз (aýyz)

Tooth - тіс (tis)

Tongue - тіл (til)

Chin - иек (ıek)

Neck - мойын (moıyn)

Chest - кеуде (keýde)

Breast - емшек (emşek)

Back - арқа (arqa)

Shoulder - иық (ıyq)

Arm - қол (qol)

Armpit - қолтық (qoltyq)

Elbow - шынтақ (şyntaq)

Wrist - білек (bilek)

Hand - алақан (alaqan)

Finger - саусақ/бармақ (saýsaq/barmaq)

Nail - тырнақ (tyrnaq)

Stomach - қарын (qaryn)

Belly button - кіндік (kirpik)

Leg - аяқ (ayaq)

Hip - жамбас (jambas)

Private area - жыныс мүшесі (jynys múşesi)

Thigh - сан (san)

Knee - тізе (tize)

Ankle - жіліншік (jilinşik)

Foot - табан (taban)

Heel - өкше (ókşe)

Toe - башпай (başpaı)

Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Colors

2020-04-19T16:26:16Z

Fabbyfabi: Created page with "= Colors = <big>Black - қара (qara)</big> <big>White - ақ (aq)</big> <big>Red - қызыл (qyzyl)</big> <big>Orange - сарғыш/қызғылт сары (qyzģylt..."

= Colors =

<big>Black - қара (qara)</big>

<big>White - ақ (aq)</big>

<big>Red - қызыл (qyzyl)</big>

<big>Orange - сарғыш/қызғылт сары (qyzģylt)</big>

<big>Yellow - сары (sary)</big>

<big>Green - жасыл (jasyl)</big>

<big>Sky blue - көгілдір (kógildir)</big>

<big>Blue - көк (kók)</big>

<big>Purple - күлгін (kúlgin)</big>

<big>Pink - қызғылт (qyzģylt)</big>

<big>Brown - қоңыр (qońyr)</big>

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Nouns

2020-04-17T16:05:46Z

Fabbyfabi: /* rules */

Hello Kazakh language learners,

In today's lesson, we will explain how to use nouns.

==Example of use==
Nouns as a part of speech answer the following questions:
*Кім? (Марио) = Who? (Mario)
*Не? (Алма) = What? (An apple)
*Кімдер? (Қыздар) = Who? (plural form) (Girls)
*Нелер? (Кітаптар) = What? (plural form) (Books)

==No articles==
In Kazakh language we do not use articles like a, an, the.

For example:
*An apple = Aлма
*A student = Cтудент
*the Moon = Aй
==лар, лер, дар, дер ,тар, тер==
To form plural nouns in Kazakh language, just add to your word: лар, лер, дар, дер ,тар, тер.

For example:
*Apple - apples = Алма - алма'''ЛАР'''
*student - students = студент - студент'''ТЕР'''

===rules===
*Suffixes of plural form depend on the last syllable and letter of the word.

*If the last syllable is [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|thin/thick]], the suffix will be thin/thick too.

*If the last letter is р, у, й or vowel, the suffix must be -лар/-лер.

*If the last letter is л, м, н, ң, ж, з, the suffix must be -дар/ -дер.
*If the last letter is б, в, г, д or [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|hard]] the suffix must be -тар/ -тер.

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Future-Tense

2020-04-17T15:56:27Z

Fabbyfabi: Created page with "= FUTURE TENSE IN KAZAKH = ===== Future Tense in Kazakh has main 3 types: ===== # Ауыспалы келер шақ - Simple Future Tense; # Болжалды келер ша..."

= FUTURE TENSE IN KAZAKH =

===== Future Tense in Kazakh has main 3 types: =====
# Ауыспалы келер шақ - Simple Future Tense;
# Болжалды келер шақ - Predictive Future Tense;
# Мақсатты келер шақ - Future Plans.

===== 1. Ауыспалы келер шақ (Simple Future Tense) is used for an action that will occur in the future. =====
Its suffixes are '''-a/-e/-й'''.
* For example: Мен қазақтың салт-дәстүрлері туралы видео түсір''е''мін. - I ''will'' record a video abut Kazakh traditions.
* If the last letter of the verb is vowel, add -й.
* If the last syllable of the verb [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|thin/thick]], add -e/-a.
{| class="wikitable"
|Мен
|ал-а-мын
|күл-е-мін
|биле-й-мін
|-
|Сен (сіз)
|ал-а-сың
|күл-е-сің
|биле-й-сің
|-
|Ол
|ал-а-ды
|күл-е-ді
|биле-й-ді
|-
|Біз
|ал-а-мыз
|күл-е-міз
|биле-й-міз
|-
|Сендер (сіздер)
|ал-а-сың(сыз)-дар
|күл-е-сің(сіз)-дер
|биле-й-сің(сіз)-дер
|-
|Олар
|ал-а-ды
|күл-е-ді
|биле-й-ді
|}

===== 2. Болжалды келер шақ (Predictive Future Tense) is used for actions that may occur. =====
Its suffixes are '''-ap/-ep/-p'''.
* For example: Бүгін қыдыра алмадық, мүмкін ертең қыдыр''ар''мыз. - We couldn't take a walk today, ''maybe'' we ''will'' take a walk tomorrow. (It's okay in Kazakh to use the same word 2 times in a sentence)
* If the last letter of the verb is vowel, add -p.
* If the last syllable of the verb [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|thin/thick]], add -ep/-ap.
{| class="wikitable"
|Мен
|ал-ар-мын
|күл-ер-мін
|биле-р-мін
|-
|Сен (сіз)
|ал-ар-сың
|күл-ер-сің
|биле-р-сің
|-
|Ол
|ал-ар
|күл-ер
|биле-р
|-
|Біз
|ал-ар-мыз
|күл-ер-міз
|биле-р-міз
|-
|Сендер (сіздер)
|ал-ар-сың(сыз)-дар
|күл-ер
|биле-р-сің(сіз)-дер
|-
|Олар
|ал-ар
|күл-ер
|биле-р
|}
There is also 2nd way of making Predictive Future Tense. You need to add '''-атын/-етін/-йтін+шығар''' to the verb.
* For example: айт-атын шығар-мын, күт-етін шығар-сың, сана-йтын шығар.

===== 3. Мақсатты келер шақ (Future Plans) is used for actions that are planned. =====
Its suffixes are -МАҚ (м ↔ б,п; а↔е; қ↔к)
* For example: Мен осы жейдені сатып ал''мақ''пын. - I am ''going to'' buy this shirt.
* If the last syllable of the verb [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|thin/thick]], use thin/thick suffix. (-мек/бек/-пек).
* If the last letter of the verb ends with м, н, ң, ж, з, the suffix will be -бақ/-бек.
* If the last letter of the verb ends with a [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|hard consonant]], the suffix will be -пақ/-пек.
{| class="wikitable"
|Мен
|ал-мақ-пын
|жаз-бақ-пын
|кес-пек-пін
|-
|Сен (сіз)
|ал-мақ-сың
|жаз-бақ-сың
|кес-пек-сің
|-
|Ол
|ал-мақ
|жаз-бақ
|кес-пек
|-
|Біз
|ал-мақ-мыз
|жаз-бақ-пыз
|кес-пек-піз
|-
|Сендер (сіздер)
|ал-мақ-сың(сыз)-дар
|жаз-бақ-сың(сыз)-дар
|кес-пек-сің(сіз)-дер
|-
|Олар
|ал-мақ
|жаз-бақ
|кес-пек
|}

Language/Turkish/Grammar/Comaratives-and-Superlatives

2020-04-16T17:30:37Z

Fabbyfabi:

= Comparative and Superlative Degree in Turkish =
<blockquote>You don't need to learn many rules if you want to make comparative or superlative degree of an adjective, it's very easy.</blockquote>

==== To make a ''Comparative Degree'' you need to add '''- DAn''' '''daha* (means more)''' to the adjective. ====
* For example: Kazakistan Türkiye'''den daha'' büyük. - Kazakhstan is bigg''er'' than Turkey.
Tolga Burak'''tan daha'' yakışıklı. - Tolga is ''more'' handsome than Burak.
* D can change to T and A can change to E. It depends on the last syllable and the last letter.

==== To make a ''Superlative Degree'' you need to put '''en (the most)''' <u>before</u> the adjective. ====
* For example: O, sınıfımızdaki ''en'' başarılı öğrenci. - She is ''the most'' successful student in our class.
Bu, hayatımın ''en'' mutlu günü! - This is ''the'' happi''est'' day of my life!

Language/Turkish/Grammar/Comaratives-and-Superlatives

2020-04-16T17:15:54Z

Fabbyfabi: Created page with "= Comparative and Superlative Degree in Turkish = <blockquote>You don't need to learn many rules if you want to make comparative or superlative degree of an adjective, it's ve..."

= Comparative and Superlative Degree in Turkish =
<blockquote>You don't need to learn many rules if you want to make comparative or superlative degree of an adjective, it's very easy.</blockquote>

==== To make a ''Comparative Degree'' you need to add '''- DAn''' '''daha* (means more)''' to the adjective. ====
* For example: Kazakistan Türkiye'''den daha'' büyük. - Kazakhstan is bigg''er'' than Turkey.
Tolga Burak'''tan daha'' yakışıklı. - Tolga is ''more'' handsome than Burak.
* D can change to T and A can change to E. It depends on the last syllable and the last letter.

==== To make a ''Superlative Degree'' you need to '''put en (the most)''' <u>before</u> the adjective. ====
* For example: O, sınıfımızdaki ''en'' başarılı öğrenci. - She is ''the most'' successful student in our class.
Bu, hayatımın ''en'' mutlu günü! - This is ''the'' happi''est'' day of my life!

Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10

2020-04-16T13:45:53Z

Fabbyfabi:

{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Kazakh
!Pronunciation
|-
|Zero
|Нөл
|Nöl
|-
|One
|Бір
|Bír
|-
|Two
|Екі
|Yekí
|-
|Three
|Үш
|Üʃ
|-
|Four
|Төрт
|Tört
|-
|Five
|Бес
|Bes
|-
|Six
|Алты
|Altı
|-
|Seven
|Жеті
|Zhetí
|-
|Eight
|Сегіз
|Segíz
|-
|Nine
|Тоғыз
|Toğız
|-
|Ten
|Он
|On
|}

Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10

2020-04-16T13:41:06Z

Fabbyfabi: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |Zero |Нөл |- |One |Бір |- |Two |Екі |- |Three |Үш |- |Four |Төрт |- |Five |Бес |- |Six |Алты |- |Seven |Жеті |- |Eight |Сег..."

{| class="wikitable"
|Zero
|Нөл
|-
|One
|Бір
|-
|Two
|Екі
|-
|Three
|Үш
|-
|Four
|Төрт
|-
|Five
|Бес
|-
|Six
|Алты
|-
|Seven
|Жеті
|-
|Eight
|Сегіз
|-
|Nine
|Тоғыз
|-
|Ten
|Он
|}

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants

2020-04-16T07:33:45Z

Fabbyfabi: added a small information

= Sounds in Kazakh =
Sounds can be consonant and vowel. Some people make mistakes when they make plural form of nouns. It's easy if the noun ends with a vowel (you just need to add -лАр), but it's different when it comes to consonants.
I'm sorry, I couldn't traslate actual names of the types of the sounds.

=== There are 3 types of consonants in Kazakh. If we learn them, we can choose suffixes correctly. ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Types
!Consonants
|-
|Type 1 - Sonorous (Үнді)
|л, м, н, ң, р, й, (у)
|-
|Type 2 - Soft (Ұяң)
|б, в, г, ғ, д, ж, з, һ
|-
|Type 3 - Hard (Қатаң)
|к, қ, п, с, т, ф, х, ц, ч, ш, щ
|}

=== And there are 2 types of vowels. ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Types
!Vowels
|-
|Type 1 - Thick (Жуан)
|а, ұ, о, ы, ұ, (у)
|-
|Type 2 - Thin (Жіңішке)
|ә, е, ө, і, ү, и, (у)
|}

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants

2020-04-16T07:33:05Z

Fabbyfabi: I fixed mistakes

= Sounds in Kazakh =
Some people make mistakes when they make plural form of nouns. It's easy if the noun ends with a vowel (you just need to add -лАр), but it's different when it comes to consonants.
I'm sorry, I couldn't traslate actual names of the types of the sounds.

=== There are 3 types of consonants in Kazakh. If we learn them, we can choose suffixes correctly. ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Types
!Consonants
|-
|Type 1 - Sonorous (Үнді)
|л, м, н, ң, р, й, (у)
|-
|Type 2 - Soft (Ұяң)
|б, в, г, ғ, д, ж, з, һ
|-
|Type 3 - Hard (Қатаң)
|к, қ, п, с, т, ф, х, ц, ч, ш, щ
|}

=== And there are 2 types of vowels. ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Types
!Vowels
|-
|Type 1 - Thick (Жуан)
|а, ұ, о, ы, ұ, (у)
|-
|Type 2 - Thin (Жіңішке)
|ә, е, ө, і, ү, и, (у)
|}

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants

2020-04-16T07:31:48Z

Fabbyfabi: I added types of vowels

<div style="font-size:300%;">
= Consonants in Kazakh =
</div>
Some people make mistakes when they make plural form of nouns. It's easy if the noun ends with a vowel (you just need to add -лАр), but it's different when it comes to consonants.
I'm sorry, I couldn't traslate actual names of the types of the sounds.

=== There are 3 types of consonants in Kazakh. If we learn them, we can choose suffixes correctly. ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Types
!Consonants
|-
|Type 1 - Sonorous (Үнді)
|л, м, н, ң, р, й, (у)
|-
|Type 2 - Soft (Ұяң)
|б, в, г, ғ, д, ж, з, һ
|-
|Type 3 - Hard (Қатаң)
|к, қ, п, с, т, ф, х, ц, ч, ш, щ
|}

=== The are 2 types of vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Types
!Vowels
|-
|Type 1 - Thick (Жуан)
|а, ұ, о, ы, ұ, (у)
|-
|Type 2 - Thin (Жіңішке)
|ә, е, ө, і, ү, и, (у)
|}

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Nouns

2020-04-16T07:01:04Z

Fabbyfabi: /* rules */ added a link

Hello Kazakh language learners,

In today's lesson, we will explain how to use nouns.

==Example of use==
Nouns as a part of speech answer the following questions:
*Кім? (Марио) = Who? (Mario)
*Не? (Алма) = What? (An apple)
*Кімдер? (Қыздар) = Who? (plural form) (Girls)
*Нелер? (Кітаптар) = What? (plural form) (Books)

==No articles==
In Kazakh language we do not use articles like a, an, the.

For example:
*An apple = Aлма
*A student = Cтудент
*the Moon = Aй
==лар, лер, дар, дер ,тар, тер==
To form plural nouns in Kazakh language, just add to your word: лар, лер, дар, дер ,тар, тер.

For example:
*Apple - apples = Алма - алма'''ЛАР'''
*student - students = студент - студент'''ТЕР'''

===rules===
*Suffixes of plural form depend on the last syllable and letter of the word.

*If the last syllable is thin/thick, the suffix will be thin/thick too.

*If the last letter is vowel, the suffix must begin with Л.

*If the last letter is [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Common-Mistakes&veaction=edit#%2Feditor%2F0 sonorous/soft/hard] the suffix must begin with Л/Д/Т.

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants

2020-04-16T06:59:06Z

Fabbyfabi: I added a new topic

= Consonants in Kazakh =
Some people make mistakes when they make plural form of nouns. It's easy if the noun ends with a vowel (you just need to add -лАр), but it's different when it comes to consonants.

I'm sorry, I couldn't traslate actual names of the types of consonants.

There are 3 types of consonants in Kazakh. If we learn them, we can choose suffixes correctly.

{| class="wikitable"
!Types
!Consonants
|-
|Type 1 - Sonorous (Үнді)
|л, м, н, ң, р, й, (у)
|-
|Type 2 - Soft (Ұяң)
|б, в, г, ғ, д, ж, з, һ
|-
|Type 3 - Hard (Қатаң)
|к, қ, п, с, т, ф, х, ц, ч, ш, щ
|}

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Nouns

2020-04-15T18:51:11Z

Fabbyfabi: I added some rules

Hello Kazakh language learners,

In today's lesson, we will explain how to use nouns.

==Example of use==
Nouns as a part of speech answer the following questions:
*Кім? (Марио) = Who? (Mario)
*Не? (Алма) = What? (An apple)
*Кімдер? (Қыздар) = Who? (plural form) (Girls)
*Нелер? (Кітаптар) = What? (plural form) (Books)

==No articles==
In Kazakh language we do not use articles like a, an, the.

For example:
*An apple = Aлма
*A student = Cтудент
*the Moon = Aй
==лар, лер, дар, дер ,тар, тер==
To form plural nouns in Kazakh language, just add to your word: лар, лер, дар, дер ,тар, тер.

For example:
*Apple - apples = Алма - алма'''ЛАР'''
*student - students = студент - студент'''ТЕР'''

<big>Suffixes of plural form depend on the last syllable and letter of the word.</big>

<big>If the last syllable is thin/thick, the suffix will be thin/thick too.</big>

<big>If the last letter is vowel, the suffix must begin with Л.</big>

<big>If the last letter is type 1/type 2/type 3, the suffix must begin with Л/Д/Т.</big>

Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Past-Tense-(ӨТКЕН-ШАҚ)

2020-04-15T18:29:53Z

Fabbyfabi: I explained a whole theme

= <small>'''PAST TENSE''' IN KAZAKH '''(ӨТКЕН ШАҚ)'''</small> =

===== Past Tense in Kazakh is not difficult. It kind of resembles Past Tense in Turkish. Past tense or Өткен Шақ has 3 types: =====
# ''<big>Жедел өткен шақ (Sudden Past Tense);</big>''
# ''<big>Бұрынғы өткен шақ (Simple Past Tense);</big>''
# ''<big>Ауыспалы өткен шақ (Not defined Past Tense).</big>''
# We use '''''<big>Жедел өткен шақ</big>''''' (Sudden Past Tense) for actions that have ended recently. Its suffix is '''-ДЫ*'''. For example: Ақерке ыдыстарды жу''ды''. - Akerke ''has'' wash''ed'' the dishes.
{| class="wikitable"
!Жақ
!Етістік
|-
|Мен
|кел+ді+м
|-
|Сен (сіз)
|кел+ді+ң(+із)
|-
|Ол
|кел+ді
|-
|Біз
|кел+ді+к
|-
|Сендер (сіздер)
|кел+ді+ң(+із)+дер
|-
|Олар
|кел+ді
|}
'''<big>* - Д can change to T; Ы can change to I</big>'''

2. We use <big>'''Бұрынғы өткен шақ''' (Simple Past Tense)</big> for actions that happened a long time ago. Its suffix is '''-ҒАн*'''. For example: Майкл Джексон 2009 жылы қайтыс бол''ған''. - Michael Jackson di''ed'' in 2009.

{| class="wikitable"
!Жақ
!Етістік
|-
|Мен
|кел+ген+мін
|-
|Сен (сіз)
|кел+ген+сің(сіз)
|-
|Ол
|кел+ген
|-
|Біз
|кел+ген+біз
|-
|Сендер (сіздер)
|кел+ген+сің(сіз)+дер
|-
|Олар
|кел+ген
|}
<big>'''* - Ғ can change to Г, К, Қ; А can change to Е'''</big>
* '''Here we can use еді+жіктік жалғау (conjugating suffix) instead of only жіктік жалғау.'''

3. Finally, <big>'''Ауыспалы өткен шақ''' (Not defined Past Tense).</big> We use it for actions that were used to be done that were habits before. Its structure is: '''-АтЫн*'''. For example: Ол жас кезінде футбол ойна''йтын''. - He ''used to'' play football when he was young.

{| class="wikitable"
!Жақ
!1-ші етістік
!2- ші етістік
|-
|Мен
|кел+етін+мін
|сана+йтын+мын
|-
|Сен (сіз)
|кел+етін+сің(сіз)
|сана+йтын+сың
|-
|Ол
|кел+етін
|сана+йтын
|-
|Біз
|кел+етін+біз
|сана+йтын+быз
|-
|Сендер (сіздер)
|кел+етін+сің(сіз)дер
|сана+йтын+сың(сыз)дар
|-
|Олар
|кел+етін
|сана+йтын
|}
'''А can change to Е or Й; Ы can change to І.'''

'''If the verb ends with vowel, you need to use -йтЫн.'''
* '''Here we can use еді+жіктік жалғау (conjugating suffix) instead of only жіктік жалғау.'''

Language/Turkish/Grammar/Past-Tense

2020-04-15T08:28:45Z

Fabbyfabi: I added descriptions and examples for each type of Past Tense.

Hello everybody,

In today's lesson you will learn some useful vocabulary about '''¨PAST TENSE¨''' in Turkish.

Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions!

Good learning! :)

.

.

Past Tense in Turkish is easy. The main 2 types of Past tense is Görülen (simple past) and Öğrenilen (not defined past). There are also many mixed types of past tense.

.

'''<big>Simple Past Tense - Görünen /Di'li Geçmiş Zaman</big>'''

We use this tense for actions that happened in past. Its suffixes are -DI (-dı, -di, -du, -dü, -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü). For example: O, soğan doğra'''dı'''. She slice'''d''' onions.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''

'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|'''''behn gehl dihm'''''
|'''<big>BEN GELDİM</big>'''
|'''''ben gueLdim'''''
|'''EU VIM'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|'''''sehn gehl dihn'''''
|'''<big>SEN GELDİN</big>'''
|'''''sen gueLdin'''''
|'''VOCÊ VEIO'''
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|'''''oh gehl dih'''''
|'''<big>O GELDİ</big>'''
|'''''o gueLdí'''''
|'''ELE / ELA / ISSO'''
'''VEIO'''
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|'''''bihz gehl dihk'''''
|'''<big>BİZ GELDİK</big>'''
|'''''biz gueLdík'''''
|'''NÓS VIEMOS'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|'''''sihz gehl dih nihz'''''
|'''<big>SİZ GELDİNİZ</big>'''
|'''''siz gueLdiníz'''''
|'''VOCÊS VIERAM'''
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|'''''ohn lahr'''''
'''''gehl dih lehr'''''
|'''<big>ONLAR</big>'''
'''<big>GELDİLER</big>'''
|'''''onlár'''''
'''''gueLdilér'''''
|'''ELES / ELAS'''
'''VIERAM'''
|-
| colspan="5" |'''****When use past tence, -Di will be changed as a -Ti,-Ta, Te,Tı,Ti'''
|-
|'''I WENT'''
|'''behn gith tim'''
|'''BEN GİTTİM'''
|
|
|-
|'''YOU WENT'''
|'''sehn gith tin'''
|'''SEN GİTTİN'''
|
|
|-
|'''HE/SHE WENT'''
|'''o gith ti'''
|'''O GİTTİ'''
|
|
|-
|'''WE WENT'''
|'''bihz gith tik'''
|'''BİZ GİTTİK'''
|
|
|-
|'''YOU WENT'''
|'''sihz gith tiniz'''
|'''SİZ GİTTİNİZ'''
|
|
|-
|'''THEY WENT'''
|'''ohn lahr gith tiler'''
|'''ONLAR GİTTİLER'''
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME HOME'''
|'''''behn eh veh gehl dihm'''''
|'''<big>BEN EVE GELDİM</big>'''
|'''''ben evé gueLdim'''''
|'''EU VIM PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME HOME'''
|'''''sehn eh veh gehl dihn'''''
|'''<big>SEN EVE GELDİN</big>'''
|'''''sen evé gueLdin'''''
|'''VOCÊ VEIO PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''HE CAME HOME'''
|'''''oh eh veh gehl dih'''''
|'''<big>O EVE GELDİ</big>'''
|'''''o evé gueLdí'''''
|'''ELE / ELA / ISSO'''
'''VEIO PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''WE CAME HOME'''
|'''''bihz eh veh gehl dihk'''''
|'''<big>BİZ EVE GELDİK</big>'''
|'''''biz evé gueLdík'''''
|'''NÓS VIEMOS PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''YOU CAME HOME'''
|'''''sihz eh veh gehl dih nihz'''''
|<big>'''SİZ EVE GELDİNİZ'''</big>
|'''''siz evé gueLdiníz'''''
|'''VOCÊS VIERAM PRA CASA'''
|-
|'''THEY CAME'''

'''HOME'''
|'''''ohn lahr eh veh'''''
'''''gehl dih lehr'''''
|<big>'''ONLAR EVE'''</big>

<big>'''GELDİLER'''</big>
|'''''onlár evé'''''
'''''gueLdilér'''''
|'''ELES / ELAS'''
'''VIERAM PRA CASA'''
|}

'''<big>Not defined in English - Öğrenilen /Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman</big>'''

Not defined Past Tense or Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zaman is also used for actions that happened in past but only if we didn't witness it and heard from someone else or that we have just found out. Its suffixes are -mIş (-mış, -miş, -muş, -müş). For example: Duydum ki arkadaşın Rusya'dan dön'''müş'''. I heard your friend came back from Russia. '''(we didn't see it but we heard it from someone)'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''

'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|
|Ben gelmişim
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Sen gelmişsin
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|
|O gelmiş
|
|
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|
|Biz gelmişiz
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Siz gelmişsiniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar gelmişler
|
|
|}

'''<big>Simple Past Perfect - Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Hikayesi</big>'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''

'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I HAD CAME'''
|
|Ben gelmiştim
|
|
|-
|'''YOU HAD CAME'''
|
|Sen gelmiştin
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''HAD CAME'''
|
|O gelmişti
|
|
|-
|'''WE HAD CAME'''
|
|Biz gelmiştik
|
|
|-
|'''YOU HAD CAME'''
|
|Siz gelmiştiniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY HAD'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar gelmiştiler
|
|
|}

'''<big>Not defined in English</big>''' '''<big>- Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı</big>'''

This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason) but we didn't witness that action. Its suffixes are: -mIş+sA. For example: Burhan Tuğçeyi sev''miş'''''se''', neden bunu ona itiraf etmedi? '''If''' Burhan loved Tugce ''(we have just found out that he loved her)'' why didn't he admit it to her?

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''

'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|
|Ben gelmişsem
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Sen gelmişsen
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|
|O gelmişse
|
|
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|
|Biz gelmişsek
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Siz gelmişseniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar gelmişseler
|
|
|}

'''<big>Not defined in English</big>''' '''<big>- Görülen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı</big>'''

This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason). Its suffixes are: -DI+y+sE. (we add "Y" because two vowels can't be next to each other). For example: Ödevini bitir''di''y'''se'''n gidip dinlen. '''If''' you finish''ed'' your homework, go and take a rest.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
|'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|'''<big>PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''

'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|'''<big>BRAZILIAN</big>'''
'''<big>PORTUGUESE</big>'''
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''I CAME'''
|
|Ben geldiysem
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Sen geldiysen
|
|
|-
|'''HE / SHE / IT'''
'''CAME'''
|
|O geldiyse
|
|
|-
|'''WE CAME'''
|
|Biz geldiysek
|
|
|-
|'''YOU CAME'''
|
|Siz geldiyseniz
|
|
|-
|'''THEY'''
'''CAME'''
|
|Onlar geldiyseler
|
|
|}

'''<big><u>PRONOUN + OBJECT + VERB STEM + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ / PRONOME + OBJETO + RAIZ DO VERBO + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ</u></big>'''

.

.

'''<big>CONJUGATION (EK-FİİL)</big>'''

Turkish grammer and sentence structure is little bit different from other european language. Turks are using the verb at the end of the sentence. but the Turkish grammer is the same about the pronouns and conjugation. Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman) consists of two parts : -Di'li Geçmiz zaman (görülen) and -Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman (duyulan). we see the action and the action is exactly finish (completed) in -Di'li Geçmiş Zaman . On the other hand the action is not seen or heard by the subject ( pronoun) and the action learned or known afterward in the Miş'li geçmiş zaman. but the basic past tense in Turkish is -Di'li Geçmiş zaman. we make the simple past tense in Turkish language with adding the addition -dı, - di, -du, -dü (-tı, -ti, -tu, -tü ) to the verb stem. now I am present you to table about the past tenses conjugation.
{| class="wikitable"
!pronouns
!conjugation
!pronouns
!conjugation
|-
|ben
|gel - '''dim'''
|I
|came
|-
|sen
|gel - '''din'''
|you
|came
|-
|o
|gel - '''di'''
|he/she/it
|came
|-
|biz
|gel - '''dik'''
|we
|came
|-
|siz
|gel - '''diniz'''
|you
|came
|-
|onlar
|gel - '''diler'''
|they
|came
|}

''Ben eve gel'''dim'''. ( I came home). '''Pronoun + object + Verb stem + -dı, -di, -du, -dü .'''''

''Sen eve gel'''din'''. (You came home).''

''O eve gel'''di'''. (He came home).''

''Biz eve gel'''dik'''. (We came home).''

''Siz eve gel'''diniz'''. (You came home).''

''Onlar eve gel'''diler'''. (They came home).''