Polyglot Club WIKI - User contributions [en]

Language/French/Vocabulary/Useful-French-Expressions

2019-10-31T13:31:43Z

Ardnassac:

Expressions françaises utiles au quotidien

=="Avoir un poil dans la main"==
être quelqu'un de très paresseux.

=="On n' est pas sorti de l'auberge !"==
expression utilisée quand on est dans une situation où l'on doit se démener pour s'en sortir.

=="Avoir du pain sur la planche"==
avoir énormément de choses à faire.

=="Croix de bois, crois de fer, si je mens je vais en enfer"==
sert à faire comprendre que l'on va tenir sa promesse.

== "J'en mets ma main au feu" ou "J'en mettrai ma main à couper" ==
on est sûr et certain de ce que l'on affirme.

== "Avoir le cœur sur la main" ou "Avoir un cœur d'or" ==
être quelqu'un d'extrêmement généreux.

== "Trop bon(ne), trop con(ne)" (familier) ==
être trop gentil est source de problèmes.

== Les bras m'en tombent==
expression utilisée pour désigner la stupéfaction suite à la nouvelle ou à la vue d'un élément soudain et totalement imprévu, contre lequel nous ne pouvons rien y faire.

== "Avoir un balai dans le cul" (familier) ==
se dit d'une personne mal à l'aise ou timide.

=="Qui vole un œuf, vole un bœuf"==
un petit vol reste quand même un vol, et donc un délit grave.

== Prendre les jambes à son cou. ==
s'enfuir aussi vite que possible.

== "Remettre les points sur les i" ou "Remettre les pendules à l'heure"==
se mettre d'accord sur un point lors d'une discussion, ou rétablir la/ une vérité.

== "Avoir l'estomac dans les talons"==
avoir très faim.

=="Cela/Ça fait des lustres !"==
cela fait (très) longtemps.

=="Avoir la gueule de bois"==
Se dit de quelqu'un qui a trop bu, et qui par conséquent a les désagréables symptômes d'un lendemain de cuite.

=="Prendre une cuite"==
Signifie ressentir tous les désagréments, suite à un état d'ivresse dû à une consommation excessive d'alcool la veille.

== "Etre au taquet" ==
ëtre très réactif

== "Avoir le cul bordé de nouilles" (familier) ==
Signifie avoir beaucoup de chance.

== "Un froid de canard" ==
Signifie qu'il fait très froid

== "Il y a anguille sous roche" = "il y a un loup" ==
Quelque chose nous est caché.

Language/French/Vocabulary/Common-abbreviations

2019-10-31T13:21:31Z

Ardnassac:

Common abbreviations in French to know :

*Mme : Madame (Mrs)
*Mmes : Mesdames (ladies)
*Mlle : Mademoiselle (Miss)
*M. : Monsieur (Mr.)
*MM. : Messieurs (gentlemen)
*P. J. : Pièce jointe (Attachment)
*Sté : Société (company)
*éd. : édition (publishing house)
*càd : c'est à dire (i.e.)
*cqfd : ce qu'il fallait démontrer
*cf : confère (provides)
*PS : post scriptum (post script)
*NB : Nota Bene (please note)

File:Etre.jpg

2019-10-30T13:34:43Z

Ardnassac: Ardnassac uploaded a new version of File:Etre.jpg

Conjugaison être

File:Etre.jpg

2019-10-30T11:18:19Z

Ardnassac:

Conjugaison être

Language/French/Grammar/Homophones

2019-10-29T13:30:09Z

Ardnassac: /* "ce or "se" */

== "a" or "à" ==
* a = verb "avoir" (to have). It may be remplaced by "avait".
* à = preposition. We can’t replace it with "avait"
Exemple :

Nathalie a gagné une poupée à la fête.(Nathalie won a doll at the party.)

''Nathalie avait gagné une poupée à la fête''.

== "est" or "et" ==
* est = verb "être (to be). It may be remplaced by "était".
* et = invariable word. It may be remplaced by "et puis".
Exemple:

Cette eau est bouillantes. (This water is hot).

''Cette eau était bouillante.''

Il y met les mains et se brûle. (He puts his hands in it and burns himself.)

''Il y met les mains et puis se brûle.''

== "ou" or "où" ==
* ou = coordinating conjuction. It my be remplaced by "ou bien".
* où = relative pronoun, Indicates a place.

Préfères-tu le ciména ou le théâtre ? (Would you prefer the cimena or the theater?)

Où veux-tu aller ? (Where do you want to go?)

== "la", "là", "l'as", "l'a" ==
* la = 1-It may be rempaced by "une" OR 2-can be remplaced a noun.
* là = It may be remplaced by "ici", indicates a place.
Exemple :

(1) La porte est bloquée. (The door is struck.)

(2) Débloquons la ensemble.(Let’s unblock the set.) --> the door

Passons par là (we go this way.)

* l'as = 2em person from singular present. It may be remplaced by 'avais"
* l'a = 3em person from singular present. It may be remplaced by "avait".
Exemple :

Pourquoi l'as-tu fermé ? (Why did you close it?.)

Le serrurier l'a ouverte. (The locksmith opened it.)

== "ce" or "se" ==
* ce = (1)singular male demonstrative adjective. It serves to designate something or someone.
(2) It's also a demonstrative pronoun, use before only the verb "être". It may be remplaced by "cela"
* se (or s') It's a part of a verb.
Exemple :

(1) Ce soir

(2) Ce sont des amis.

Se lever, il se lève. (He gets up.)

S'endormir, il s'endort. (He falls asleep.)

Language/French/Grammar/Homophones

2019-10-29T13:29:39Z

Ardnassac: /* "ce or "se" */

== "a" or "à" ==
* a = verb "avoir" (to have). It may be remplaced by "avait".
* à = preposition. We can’t replace it with "avait"
Exemple :

Nathalie a gagné une poupée à la fête.(Nathalie won a doll at the party.)

''Nathalie avait gagné une poupée à la fête''.

== "est" or "et" ==
* est = verb "être (to be). It may be remplaced by "était".
* et = invariable word. It may be remplaced by "et puis".
Exemple:

Cette eau est bouillantes. (This water is hot).

''Cette eau était bouillante.''

Il y met les mains et se brûle. (He puts his hands in it and burns himself.)

''Il y met les mains et puis se brûle.''

== "ou" or "où" ==
* ou = coordinating conjuction. It my be remplaced by "ou bien".
* où = relative pronoun, Indicates a place.

Préfères-tu le ciména ou le théâtre ? (Would you prefer the cimena or the theater?)

Où veux-tu aller ? (Where do you want to go?)

== "la", "là", "l'as", "l'a" ==
* la = 1-It may be rempaced by "une" OR 2-can be remplaced a noun.
* là = It may be remplaced by "ici", indicates a place.
Exemple :

(1) La porte est bloquée. (The door is struck.)

(2) Débloquons la ensemble.(Let’s unblock the set.) --> the door

Passons par là (we go this way.)

* l'as = 2em person from singular present. It may be remplaced by 'avais"
* l'a = 3em person from singular present. It may be remplaced by "avait".
Exemple :

Pourquoi l'as-tu fermé ? (Why did you close it?.)

Le serrurier l'a ouverte. (The locksmith opened it.)

== "ce or "se" ==
* ce = (1)singular male demonstrative adjective. It serves to designate something or someone.
(2) It's also a demonstrative pronoun, use before only the verb "être". It may be remplaced by "cela"
* se (or s') It's a part of a verb.
Exemple :

(1) Ce soir

(2) Ce sont des amis.

Se lever, il se lève (He gets up.)

S'endormir, il s'endort (He falls asleep.)

Language/French/Grammar/Homophones

2019-10-29T13:29:11Z

Ardnassac: Created page with "== "a" or "à" == * a = verb "avoir" (to have). It may be remplaced by "avait". * à = preposition. We can’t replace it with "avait" Exemple : Nathalie a gagné une poupée..."

== "a" or "à" ==
* a = verb "avoir" (to have). It may be remplaced by "avait".
* à = preposition. We can’t replace it with "avait"
Exemple :

Nathalie a gagné une poupée à la fête.(Nathalie won a doll at the party.)

''Nathalie avait gagné une poupée à la fête''.

== "est" or "et" ==
* est = verb "être (to be). It may be remplaced by "était".
* et = invariable word. It may be remplaced by "et puis".
Exemple:

Cette eau est bouillantes. (This water is hot).

''Cette eau était bouillante.''

Il y met les mains et se brûle. (He puts his hands in it and burns himself.)

''Il y met les mains et puis se brûle.''

== "ou" or "où" ==
* ou = coordinating conjuction. It my be remplaced by "ou bien".
* où = relative pronoun, Indicates a place.

Préfères-tu le ciména ou le théâtre ? (Would you prefer the cimena or the theater?)

Où veux-tu aller ? (Where do you want to go?)

== "la", "là", "l'as", "l'a" ==
* la = 1-It may be rempaced by "une" OR 2-can be remplaced a noun.
* là = It may be remplaced by "ici", indicates a place.
Exemple :

(1) La porte est bloquée. (The door is struck.)

(2) Débloquons la ensemble.(Let’s unblock the set.) --> the door

Passons par là (we go this way.)

* l'as = 2em person from singular present. It may be remplaced by 'avais"
* l'a = 3em person from singular present. It may be remplaced by "avait".
Exemple :

Pourquoi l'as-tu fermé ? (Why did you close it?.)

Le serrurier l'a ouverte. (The locksmith opened it.)

== "ce or "se" ==
* ce = (1)singular male demonstrative adjective. It serves to designate something or someone.
(2) It's also a demonstrative pronoun, use before only the verb "être". It may be remplaced by "cela"
* se (or s') It's a part of a verb.
Exemple :

(1) Ce soir

(2) Ce sont des amis.

Se lever, il se lève (He gets up.)

S'endormir, il s'endort 'He falls asleep.)

Language/French/Grammar/Nouns

2019-10-29T11:33:04Z

Ardnassac:

[[File:les-noms-en-francais.jpg|300px]]

A noun is a word representing a person, a place or a thing. In French, all nouns have a gender masculine or feminine.

In this lesson, we will explain how to form the masculine, feminine and plural of nouns.

{| class="wikitable"

! |
Masculine

! |
Feminine

|-
|
un ami (a friend)

|
une ami'''e''' (a friend)

|-
|
un acteur (an actor)

|
une '''actrice''' (an
actress)

|-
|
un musicien (a musician)

|
une musicien'''ne''' (a
musician)

|-
|
un boulanger (a baker)

|
une boulang'''ère''' (a baker)

|-
|
le détective (the detective)

|
la détective (the detective)

|-
|
le professeur (the professor)

|
la professeur (the professor)

|}

In French the masculine and feminine nouns differ. different articles and adjectives are also used.

Countries ending in "-e" are feminine (except "le Mexique") :
- le Portugal, le Brésil...
- la France, l'Espagne, l'Argentine...

The feminine is generally formed by adding -e to the male, and in some cases other letters or accents are added.

Sometimes, there are different nouns for male and female forms.
Some professions are used only in men :

===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"

! |
Singular

! |
Plural

|-
|
le château (castle)

|
les châteaux (castles)

|-
|
le cheval (horse)

|
les chevaux (horses)

|-
|
le bus (the bus)

|
les bus (buses)

|-
|
le nez (nose)

|
les nez (noses)

|-
|

|
les gens (people)

|}

==Noun singular and plural==

un livre (a book) des livres (books)

The plural is generally formed by adding -s to the singular.

Some nouns have special plural, according to the termination:
-eau becomes -eaux
-al becomes -aux
-s remains the same -s
-z remains the same -z

Some nouns have no singular form

===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"

!|
Singular

! |
Plural

|-
|
le château (castle)

|
les châteaux (castles)

|-
|
le cheval (horse)

|
les chevaux (horses)

|-
|
le bus (the bus)

|
les bus (buses)

|-
|
le nez (nose)

|
les nez (noses)

|-
|

|
les gens (people)

|}

=== {{#seo:
|title=How to use the punctuation in French?
|keywords=grammar, feminine, masculine, plural, examples
|description=This lesson will teach you how to use nouns in French sentenses
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/2/2f/Les-noms-en-francais.jpg
}}'''Adjectives and nouns:Table of the masculine and feminine endings:''' ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!Masculine + E = Feminine
!Il est étudian'''t'''
(He is a student)
!Elle est étudiante
(She is a student)
!
|-
!
!
!Il est grand
(He is tall)
!Elle est grande
(She is tall)
!
|-
!
!
!Le ciel est bleu
(The sky is blue)
!La mer est bleue
(The sea is blue)
!
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-EN becomes -ENNE
!Il est italien
(He is italian)
!Elle est italienne
(She is italian)
|-
|
|
|Il est parisien
(He is parisian)
|Elle est parisienne
(She is parisian)
|-
|
|
|Il est canadien
(He is canadian)
|Elle est canadienne
(She is canadian)
|-
|
|
|Il est européen
(He is european)
|Elle est européenne
(She is european)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-ON becomes -ONNE
!Il est bon en sport
(He is good at sport)
!Elle est bonne en sport
(He is good at sport)
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-ER- ÈRE
!Il est boulanger
(He is a baker)
!Elle est boulangère
(She is a baker)
|-
|
|
|Il est boucher
(He is a butcher)
|Elle est bouchère
(She is a butcher)
|-
|
|
|Il est policier
(He is a policeman)
|Elle est policière
(She is a police officer)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-EUR and -EUX become -EUSE
!Il est heureux
(He is happy)
!Elle est heureuse
(She is happy)
|-
|
|
|Il est furieux
(He is furious)
|Elle est furieuse
(She is furious)
|-
|
|
|Il est danseur
(He is a dancer)
|Elle est danseuse
(She is a dancer)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-TEUR becomes -TRICE
!Il est acteur
(He is an actor)
!Elle est actrice
(She is an actress)
|-
|
|
|Il est instituteur
(He is primary school teacher)
|Elle est institutrice
(She is primary school teacher)
|-
|
|
|Il est traducteur
(He is a translator)
|Elle est traductrice
(She is a translator)
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Irregular Adjectives
!Beau (Beautiful)
!Belle
|-
|
|Vieux (Old)
|Vieille
|-
|
|Blanc (White)
|Blanche
|-
|
|Gentil (Kind/Nice)
|Gentille
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives and nouns which never change
!Adjectives
!Nouns
|-
|
|Jeune (Young); Calme (Quiet); Drôle (Funny); Stupide (Stupid); Bizarre/Étrange (Strange); Sage (Wise); Triste (Sad)
|Un(e) journaliste (A journalist); Un(e) peintre (A painter); Un(e) ministre (A minister); Un(e) maire (A mayor); Un(e) pompier (A fireman); Un(e) juge (A judge); Un(e) sage-femme (A midwife); Un(e) militaire (A serviceman/servicewoman); Un(e) gendarme (A gendarme = police officer [other branch of the french police and army]); Un(e) médecin (General practitioner GP); Un(e) dentiste (A dentist); Un(e) psychologue (A psychologist); Un(e) gynécologue (A gynaecologist); Un(e) scientifique (A scientist); Un(e) astronaute (An astronaut); Un(e) archéologue (An archaeologist) ................
|}

=== Nouns that end up in "oir" ===
* The mascunlin nouns finished by the sound "oir" is written "oir"
Exemple : un couloir (hallway), un rasoir (razor),...

Exception : un accessoire (accessory), un auditoire (audience), de l'ivoire (ivory), un conservatoire (conservatory), un laboratoire (laboratory), un observatoire (observatory), un réfectoire (refectory), un répertoire (repertory), un territoire (land).

* All the nouns finished by the sound "oir" is written "oire"
Exemple : une histoire, une victoire,...

=== Nouns that end up in "sion" ===
* After "a", "i", "o" and "u", we write "tion"

Exemple : La nation (nation), une addition (addition), l'émotion (emotion), une résolution (resolution)

Exception : la discussion (debate), l'émission (show), la mission (mission), la passion (passion)

* After "e", we write "ession"
Exemple : la pression (pressure)

Exception: la discrétion (discreet)

* After a consonate, we write "sion" or "tion", you must consult the dictionary.
Exemple : la pension (board), une direction (direction)
[[Category: French/Beginner]]
[[Category: French/Grammar]]

Language/French/Grammar/Nouns

2019-10-29T11:31:48Z

Ardnassac:

[[File:les-noms-en-francais.jpg|300px]]

A noun is a word representing a person, a place or a thing. In French, all nouns have a gender masculine or feminine.

In this lesson, we will explain how to form the masculine, feminine and plural of nouns.

{| class="wikitable"

! |
Masculine

! |
Feminine

|-
|
un ami (a friend)

|
une ami'''e''' (a friend)

|-
|
un acteur (an actor)

|
une '''actrice''' (an
actress)

|-
|
un musicien (a musician)

|
une musicien'''ne''' (a
musician)

|-
|
un boulanger (a baker)

|
une boulang'''ère''' (a baker)

|-
|
le détective (the detective)

|
la détective (the detective)

|-
|
le professeur (the professor)

|
la professeur (the professor)

|}

In French the masculine and feminine nouns differ. different articles and adjectives are also used.

Countries ending in "-e" are feminine (except "le Mexique") :
- le Portugal, le Brésil...
- la France, l'Espagne, l'Argentine...

The feminine is generally formed by adding -e to the male, and in some cases other letters or accents are added.

Sometimes, there are different nouns for male and female forms.
Some professions are used only in men :

===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"

! |
Singular

! |
Plural

|-
|
le château (castle)

|
les châteaux (castles)

|-
|
le cheval (horse)

|
les chevaux (horses)

|-
|
le bus (the bus)

|
les bus (buses)

|-
|
le nez (nose)

|
les nez (noses)

|-
|

|
les gens (people)

|}

==Noun singular and plural==

un livre (a book) des livres (books)

The plural is generally formed by adding -s to the singular.

Some nouns have special plural, according to the termination:
-eau becomes -eaux
-al becomes -aux
-s remains the same -s
-z remains the same -z

Some nouns have no singular form

===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"

!|
Singular

! |
Plural

|-
|
le château (castle)

|
les châteaux (castles)

|-
|
le cheval (horse)

|
les chevaux (horses)

|-
|
le bus (the bus)

|
les bus (buses)

|-
|
le nez (nose)

|
les nez (noses)

|-
|

|
les gens (people)

|}

= {{#seo:
|title=How to use the punctuation in French?
|keywords=grammar, feminine, masculine, plural, examples
|description=This lesson will teach you how to use nouns in French sentenses
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/2/2f/Les-noms-en-francais.jpg
}}'''Adjectives and nouns:Table of the masculine and feminine endings:''' =
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!Masculine + E = Feminine
!Il est étudian'''t'''
(He is a student)
!Elle est étudiante
(She is a student)
!
|-
!
!
!Il est grand
(He is tall)
!Elle est grande
(She is tall)
!
|-
!
!
!Le ciel est bleu
(The sky is blue)
!La mer est bleue
(The sea is blue)
!
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-EN becomes -ENNE
!Il est italien
(He is italian)
!Elle est italienne
(She is italian)
|-
|
|
|Il est parisien
(He is parisian)
|Elle est parisienne
(She is parisian)
|-
|
|
|Il est canadien
(He is canadian)
|Elle est canadienne
(She is canadian)
|-
|
|
|Il est européen
(He is european)
|Elle est européenne
(She is european)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-ON becomes -ONNE
!Il est bon en sport
(He is good at sport)
!Elle est bonne en sport
(He is good at sport)
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-ER- ÈRE
!Il est boulanger
(He is a baker)
!Elle est boulangère
(She is a baker)
|-
|
|
|Il est boucher
(He is a butcher)
|Elle est bouchère
(She is a butcher)
|-
|
|
|Il est policier
(He is a policeman)
|Elle est policière
(She is a police officer)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-EUR and -EUX become -EUSE
!Il est heureux
(He is happy)
!Elle est heureuse
(She is happy)
|-
|
|
|Il est furieux
(He is furious)
|Elle est furieuse
(She is furious)
|-
|
|
|Il est danseur
(He is a dancer)
|Elle est danseuse
(She is a dancer)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-TEUR becomes -TRICE
!Il est acteur
(He is an actor)
!Elle est actrice
(She is an actress)
|-
|
|
|Il est instituteur
(He is primary school teacher)
|Elle est institutrice
(She is primary school teacher)
|-
|
|
|Il est traducteur
(He is a translator)
|Elle est traductrice
(She is a translator)
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Irregular Adjectives
!Beau (Beautiful)
!Belle
|-
|
|Vieux (Old)
|Vieille
|-
|
|Blanc (White)
|Blanche
|-
|
|Gentil (Kind/Nice)
|Gentille
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives and nouns which never change
!Adjectives
!Nouns
|-
|
|Jeune (Young); Calme (Quiet); Drôle (Funny); Stupide (Stupid); Bizarre/Étrange (Strange); Sage (Wise); Triste (Sad)
|Un(e) journaliste (A journalist); Un(e) peintre (A painter); Un(e) ministre (A minister); Un(e) maire (A mayor); Un(e) pompier (A fireman); Un(e) juge (A judge); Un(e) sage-femme (A midwife); Un(e) militaire (A serviceman/servicewoman); Un(e) gendarme (A gendarme = police officer [other branch of the french police and army]); Un(e) médecin (General practitioner GP); Un(e) dentiste (A dentist); Un(e) psychologue (A psychologist); Un(e) gynécologue (A gynaecologist); Un(e) scientifique (A scientist); Un(e) astronaute (An astronaut); Un(e) archéologue (An archaeologist) ................
|}

== Nouns that end up in "oir" ==
* The mascunlin nouns finished by the sound "oir" is written "oir"
Exemple : un couloir (hallway), un rasoir (razor),...

Exception : un accessoire (accessory), un auditoire (audience), de l'ivoire (ivory), un conservatoire (conservatory), un laboratoire (laboratory), un observatoire (observatory), un réfectoire (refectory), un répertoire (repertory), un territoire (land).

* All the nouns finished by the sound "oir" is written "oire"
Exemple : une histoire, une victoire,...

== Nouns that end up in "sion" ==
* After "a", "i", "o" and "u", we write "tion"

Exemple : La nation (nation), une addition (addition), l'émotion (emotion), une résolution (resolution)

Exception : la discussion (debate), l'émission (show), la mission (mission), la passion (passion)

* After "e", we write "ession"
Exemple : la pression (pressure)

Exception: la discrétion (discreet)

* After a consonate, we write "sion" or "tion", you must consult the dictionary.
Exemple : la pension (board), une direction (direction)
[[Category: French/Beginner]]
[[Category: French/Grammar]]

Language/French/Grammar/Adverbs

2019-10-29T08:54:01Z

Ardnassac: Created page with "It is an invariable word that completes or alters the meaning of the verb, the adjective to which it is attached or the sentence in which it is used. Warning : not to be conf..."

It is an invariable word that completes or alters the meaning of the verb, the adjective to which it is attached or the sentence in which it is used.

Warning : not to be confused with names ending in "ment" : appartement (apartment), monument,...

== "ment" ==

The adverb which ends with the sound "men" is formed from a female adjective.

Lent -->Lente-->Lentement

But if the masculine adjective ends with "é" or "i", the masculine is retained to form the adverb.

aisé --> aisément

jolie --> joliment

Exception :

Gai -->gaiement (the "e" on the middle of the wordis mute)

gaîment

== "Amment" ==

The adverb which ends with the sound "ammen" are written :
* amment if they come from an adjective when "ant".
Exemple :

Abondant --> abondamment

* emment if they come from an adjective when "ent".
Exemple :

prudent-->prudemment

Language/French/Vocabulary/Numbers

2019-10-29T08:32:17Z

Ardnassac:

[[File:learn_french_compter_100.jpg|200px]]

== 1-100 ==
Here is how to write the Numbers in French from 1 to 100. You can practice your comprehension and prononciation by watching the video below.

All compound numbers smaller than 100 are written with a hyphen (except those who use "et").

*0 = '''zéro'''
*1 = '''un'''
*2 = '''deux'''
*3 = '''trois'''
*4 = '''quatre'''
*5 = '''cinq'''
*6 = '''six'''
*7 = '''sept'''
*8 = '''huit'''
*9 = '''neuf'''
*10 = '''dix'''
*11 = '''onze'''
*12 = '''douze'''
*13 = '''treize'''
*14 = '''quatorze'''
*15 = '''quinze'''
*16 = '''seize'''
*17 = '''dix-sept'''
*18 = '''dix-huit'''
*19 = '''dix-neuf'''
*20 = '''vingt'''
*21 = '''vingt et un'''
*22 = '''vingt-deux'''
*23 = '''vingt-trois'''
*24 = '''vingt-quatre'''
*25 = '''vingt-cinq'''
*26 = '''vingt-six'''
*27 = '''vingt-sept'''
*28 = '''vingt-huit'''
*29 = '''vingt-neuf'''
*30 = '''trente'''
*31 = '''Trente et un'''
*32 = '''Trente-deux'''
*33 = '''Trente-trois'''
*34 = '''Trente-quatre'''
*35 = '''Trente-cinq'''
*36 = '''Trente-six'''
*37 = '''Trente-sept'''
*38 = '''Trente-huit'''
*39 = '''Trente-neuf'''
*40 = '''quarante'''
*41 = '''quarante et un'''
*42 = '''quarante-deux'''
*43 = '''quarante-trois'''
*44 = '''quarante-quatre'''
*45 = '''quarante-cinq'''
*46 = '''quarante-six'''
*47 = '''quarante-sept'''
*48 = '''quarante-huit'''
*49 = '''quarante-neuf'''
*50 = '''cinquante'''
*51 = '''cinquante et un'''
*52 = '''cinquante-deux'''
*53 = '''cinquante-trois'''
*54 = '''cinquante-quatre'''
*55 = '''cinquante-cinq'''
*56 = '''cinquante-six'''
*57 = '''cinquante-sept'''
*58 = '''cinquante-huit'''
*59 = '''cinquante-neuf'''
*60 = '''soixante'''
*61 = '''soixante et un'''
*62 = '''soixante-deux'''
*63 = '''soixante-trois'''
*64 = '''soixante-quatre'''
*65 = '''soixante-cinq'''
*66 = '''soixante-six'''
*67 = '''soixante-sept'''
*68 = '''soixante-huit'''
*69 = '''soixante-neuf'''
*70 = '''soixante-dix'''
*71 = '''soixante et onze'''
*72 = '''soixante-douze'''
*73 = '''soixante-treize'''
*74 = '''soixante-quatorze'''
*75 = '''soixante-quinze'''
*76 = '''soixante-seize'''
*77 = '''soixante-dix-sept'''
*78 = '''soixante-dix-huit'''
*79 = '''soixante-dix-neuf'''
*80 = '''quatre-vingts'''
*81 = '''quatre-vingt-un'''
*82 = '''quatre-vingt-deux'''
*83 = '''quatre-vingt-trois'''
*84 = '''quatre-vingt-quatre'''
*85 = '''quatre-vingt-cinq'''
*86 = '''quatre-vingt-six'''
*87 = '''quatre-vingt-sept'''
*88 = '''quatre-vingt-huit'''
*89 = '''quatre-vingt-neuf'''
*90 = '''quatre-vingt-dix'''
*91 = '''quatre-vingt-onze'''
*92 = '''quatre-vingt-douze'''
*93 = '''quatre-vingt-treize'''
*94 = '''quatre-vingt-quatorze'''
*95 = '''quatre-vingt-quinze'''
*96 = '''quatre-vingt-seize'''
*97 = '''quatre-vingt-dix-sept'''
*98 = '''quatre-vingt-dix-huit'''
*99 = '''quatre-vingt-dix-neuf'''
*100 = '''cent'''

NB: Since the spelling reform, the compound numbers are all linked by hyphens.

100 and 20 are invariable unless there is nothing behind them.

Exemple :
* quatre cent cinq (405)
* quatre cents (400)
* quatre-vingt-treize (93)
* quatre-vingts (80)

"Mille" (1000) are always invariable.

==VIDEOS==
<youtube>3e_9pXwskkc</youtube>
<youtube>2rC2ZypQWlE</youtube>

{{#seo:
|title=Learn how to count to 10 in French
|keywords=un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix
|description=learn to count to 10 in French: write, listen, pronounce.
|og:image=/wiki/images/8/8b/Learn_french_compter_100.jpg
}}
[[Category: French/Beginner]]
[[Category: French/Vocabulary]]

Language/French/Grammar/Plural

2019-10-29T08:21:04Z

Ardnassac:

[[File:learn_french_plural.jpg|200px]]

This article explains how to use the plural in French.

In general, the French nouns form the plural by adding an '-s' to the singular:
*un cahier / des cahiers (a notebook / notebooks)

You will find below the exceptions to this rule:

=='s', 'x' or 'z'==
Singular nouns ending with 's', 'x' or 'z' do not change at plural:
*le fils / les fils (the son / the sons)
=='-au', '-eau' or '-eu'==
Singular nouns ending with '-au', '-eau' or '-eu' ends with an '-x' at plural:
*le feu / les feux (the fire / fires).
=='-ou'==
Words ending in 'OU' take an 'S' except for the following words ending in 'X':
*bijou (jewel)
*caillou (pebble)
*chou (cabbage)
*genou (knee)
*hibou (owl)
*joujou (toy)
*pou (louse)

=='-al'==
Singular nouns ending with '-al' change their termination to '-aux':
*le cheval / les chevaux.
Some words have a regular plural and take an '-s'. The most common exceptions are : aval (downstream or approval), bal (ball, dance), carnaval, cérémonial, chacal (jackal), festival, narval (narwhal), récital, régal (delight), natal (native),

Glacial (cold) can be "glacials" or "glaciaux" in the plural

=='-ail'==

Words that ends with "ail" in plural take "s"

Except :

*some words takes <nowiki>''</nowiki>aux" in plural instead of "s" like : bail / baux (lease), émail / émaux (enamel), soupirail /soupiraux (basement window), vitrail / vitraux (stained glass), vantail / vantaux (door panel), travail / travaux (job), corail / coraux (coral)

== Plural of compound names ==
Some names are composed of two words, sometimes three.In general, only nouns and adjectives take the plural mark. Verbs, adverbs and prepositions are invariable.

Exemples :
* des sourds-muets (deaf-mute) = adjective+adjective
* des porte-documents (portfolio) =verb+noun
* des haut-parleurs (speakers) = adverb+noun

But the plural also depends on the meaning of the words.

Exemples :
* des wagons-lits (sleepers coaches) = noun+noun, and there are several cars and several beds per car.
* des kilomètres-heure (kilometres per hour) = several kilometres but only one hour.

"Demi" (half) et "semi" (semi) are invariable if they are placed before the name.

Exemples:
* des demi-heures (half-hours)
* des semi-remorques (semi-trailers)

==VIDEOS==
Plural of nouns in French:

<youtube> 56aukrZA4wI</youtube>

{{#seo:
|title=how to use the plural in French?
|keywords=singular, plural, ending, nouns, termination
|description=This lesson tells you how to form the plural in French
|og:image=/wiki/images/b/bc/Learn_french_plural.jpg
}}
[[Category: French/Beginner]]
[[Category: French/Grammar]]

Language/French/Grammar/Namesake

2019-10-28T17:18:29Z

Ardnassac: Les Homonymes (Namesakes)

Les homonymes (namesakes)

They are words that are pronounced in the same way but have a different meaning.

Namesakes with "VER":

- Je suis allé me promener ''vers'' la boulangerie. (I went for a walk to the bakery.) = Direction

-J'ai peint la grille en ''vert''. (I painted the grid in green) = Colour

-J'ai trouvé un ''ver'' de terre. (I found an earthworm.) = Animal

-Maman m'a servi un ''verre'' de jus d'orange. (Mom served me a glass of orange juice.) = Objet

Namesakes with "SAL"

-Nous dînons dans la ''salle'' à manger. (We’re having dinner in the dining room.) = Room

-Lave tes mains, elles sont ''sales''. (Wash your hands, they’re dirty.) = Dirty

-Toute la ''salle'' applaudit. (The whole room applauds.) = the public

-Je ''sale'' les tomates. (I'm salting tomatoes) = Verb "saler", to salt

Namesakes with "COUR"

-Les enfants jouent dans la ''cour'' de récréation. (Children play in the playground.) = a place

- Les élèves ont eu un ''cours'' d'histoire. (The students had a history class.) = lesson

-Mon pantalon est trop ''court''. (My pants are too short.) = lenght

-Après la pluie, le court de ''tennis'' est impraticable. (After the rain, the tennis court is impassable.)

-À la chasse à ''courre'', on utlise une meute. (When hunting, we use a pack)

-Louis XIV installe sa cour à Versailles. (Louis XIV sets up his court at Versailles.) = Here, the main people who make up the entourage of Louis XIV.

Other example:

-Une ''pâte'' à crêpe/La ''patte'' du chien. (A pancake batter/The dog’s paw.)

-Une ''chaine'' de vélo/Une ''porte'' en chêne. (A bike chain/ An oak door.)

-Un bon ''maître'' d'école/Un ''mètre'' de tissu. (A good teacher/One meter of fabric.)

-La ''mère'' de famille/Le ''maire'' du village/le bord de ''mer''. (The mother of the family/the mayor of the village/the seaside.)

-Un espoir ''vain''/''Vingt'' mille lieues/Soutirer du ''vin''. (A vain hope/Twenty thousand leagues/Drinking wine.)

-Une ''tente''/ma ''tante''. (A tent/my aunt.)

-la ''faim''/la ''fin''. (hunger/the end.)

-le ''port''/le ''porc''. (the port/the pig.)

-un ''seau''/être ''sot''/un ''saut''. (a bucket/be sit/jump.)

Language/French/Pronunciation/Accents

2019-10-24T07:25:59Z

Ardnassac:

[[File:french-accents-les-accents-français.png|thumb|none]]
<languages/>
<translate>


Knowing the right French accents (les accents français) is essential for proper spelling in French.


Accent marks in French change the pronunciation and meaning of the word.


In this lesson, we will explain how to use French accents.


The French uses many accents, and their prounounciation is quite particular.
Here's the list of the accents used in French :

==5 accent marks == 


There are four French accents for vowels and one for a consonant, the letter "c".


The letter "é" is not pronounced the same as the letter "è". If you are able to hear the difference, you'll also know how to spell a word.


Here is the chart of French accent marks :

{| class="wikitable"

!|
'''Writing'''

!|
'''Name'''

! |
'''Example'''
!Pronunciation
|-
|
é

|
Accent aigu (acute accent)

|
'''é'''tudiant (student)
| <player>French-accent-aigu.mp3</player>
|-
|
à, è, ù

|
Accent grave (grave accent)

|
o'''ù''' (where), apr'''è'''s (after), J'habite '''à''' Paris (I live in Paris)
| <player>French-accent-grave.mp3</player>
|-
|
â, ê, î, ô,û

|
Accent circonflexe (accent circumflex)

|
for'''ê'''t (forest), pl'''â'''tre (plaster), '''î'''le (island), t'''ô'''t (early), ao'''û'''t (August)
| <player>French-accent-circonflexe.mp3</player>
|-
|
ë, ï,ü

|
Accent tréma (Diaeresis)

|
No'''ë'''l (Christmas), na'''ï'''ve (naïve), aigu'''ë''' (acute)
| <player>French-accent-trema.mp3</player>
|-
|
ç

|
Cedille (cedilla)

|
gar'''ç'''on (boy)
| <player>French-accent-cedille.mp3</player>
|}
===More examples===
*â : [a]. Examples : château, gâteau.
*à : [a]. Examples : Je vais à l'école, déjà.
*ç : [ss]. Used to make the "[ss]" sound before "a", "o" and "u". "ce", "ci" and "cy" are already sounding "[ssi]" without any accent (called "cédille" [sedi:]). Examples : ça, garçon.
*é : [e]. Examples : chéri, j'ai mangé.
*è, ê : [ä]. Examples : fête, tête, Grèce.
*ë : [ø]. This letter, used as the female mark of adjectives finishing with an [-u] as an exception. Example : ciguë, exigu (male) --> exiguë (female), contigu (male) --> contiguë (female). The two forms have the same pronounciation ("[ägzigü]").
*î : [i]. Examples : île, aîné, gîte.
*ï : [i/j]. The pronounciation can be different for different words. Examples : naïf, laïc.
*ô : [o]. Used to make a word sound [o] instead of [ɔ]. Examples : tôt, rôti.
*œ : [ə]. Examples : œuf, sœur, cœur.
*û : [ü]. Examples : dû, mûre, goût.
*ü : [ɔ]/[Pronounciation of the original word in the source language]. Letter coming from other languages, except one word. Examples : capharnaüm.
*ÿ : [j]. Letter used in some town names. Examples : L'Haÿ-les-Roses.

===Accent aigu (acute accent)=== 


The acute accent is very frequent and can only be used with the letter "e".


Here are some useful words using the "é":


*'''é'''crire (to write) : J'aime écrire des lettres = I like writing letters
*'''é'''t'''é''' (summer) : Cet été j'irai à la plage = This summer I will go to the beach
*'''é'''cole (school) : Son école n'est pas loin d'ici = His school is not far from here

===L'accent grave (grave accent)=== 
The grave accent is only used with vowels "a", "e", and "u" like in:


*Apr'''è'''s (after) : Après vous, je vous en prie = After you, please
*O'''ù''' (where) : Où habites tu ? = Where do you live?
*'''À''' (to) : Je suis allé à Paris = I have been to Paris

===L'accent circonflexe (accent circumflex)=== 
The accent circumflex appear over any vowel and means that an S used to be in the word after the vowel.


*For'''ê'''t (forest) : J'aime marcher dans la forêt = I like to walk in the forest
*H'''ô'''pital (hospital) : Je dois aller à l'hôpital = I must go to the hospital
*S'il vous pla'''î'''t (please) : S'il vous plaît, pourriez-vous m'aider = Could you please help me?
*Emb'''û'''che (pitfall) : Ce parcours est semé d'embûches = This route is filled with pitfalls.
*Dég'''â'''ts (damage) : L'ouragan a fait d'énormes dégâts = The hurricane caused a lot of damage.

===Le tréma (the Diaeresis)=== 
The umlaut appears only over the vowels "e", "i" and "u".


You have to pronounce each vowel separately when you see this accent.


Words using the accent tréma include:


*No'''ë'''l (Christmas) : Je serai à Paris pour Noël = I will be in Paris for Christmas
*Na'''ï'''ve (naïve) : Elle a l'air naïve = She looks naïve.
*Capharna'''ü'''m (mess). C'est un vrai capharnaüm ici = It's a real mess here

===La cédille (cedilla)=== 
The cedilla is also only found under the letter "c".


It changes a hard C sound (like K) into a soft C sound (like S).


Examples:


*fran'''ç'''ais (French): Apprendre le français = Learn French
*'''ç'''a (this) : ça me semble difficile = It looks hard

==Pronunciation== 


The videos below will help you identify sounds of accents on the E letter :


<youtube> 8DRz9gpBb5g</youtube>


<youtube> 6L3opwbpVxk</youtube>

==Type French accent marks on your computer== 
How can you type the French accents if you don't have a French keyboard?


<youtube> hZ_2OFZFt0E</youtube>


{{#seo:
|title=How do you use and pronounce accents in French?
|keywords=souds, accent, letters, words, circumflex, acute, grave, aigu
|description=Accent marks in French change the pronunciation and meaning of letters and words. This lesson will teach you all about French accents! Enjoy...
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/9/96/Learn_french_accents.gif
}}
</translate>

[[Category:Accents]]
[[Category:French/Beginner]]