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Language/Spanish/Grammar/How-to-use-Ser-o-Estar-(verb-to-be)

2019-02-18T05:05:07Z

Amigo1: /* Ser */

[[File:Spanish-to-be.jpg|thumb]]
<div style="font-size:300%;">How to use Ser and Estar?</div>
In Spanish the verb "to be" has two meanings and it may be difficult at the beginning, but don't worry it's nothing out of this world.

== Ser ==
This verb is used to attribute to the subject of the sentence a quality or condition of his own, for example

"Yo '''soy''' Gary."

"Él '''es''' Profesor."

"Ustedes '''son''' altos."

This verb changes with the pronoun and it stays like this
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Presente
!Pronoun
!Simple Present
|-
|Yo
|Soy
|I
|Am
|-
|Tú
|Eres
|You
|Are
|-
|Él / Ella
|Es
|He
|Is
|-
|Nosotros
|Somos
|We
|Are
|-
|Ustedes
|Son
|You
|Are
|-
|Vosotros
|Sois
|You
|Are
|-
|Ellos / Ellas
|Son
|They
|Are
|-
|Eso / Esto 
|Es
|It
|Is
|}
It also changes when is used in all the verbal timesː
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Pasado Simple
!Pretérito Imperfecto
!Futuro
!Pronoun
!Simple Past 
!Future
|-
|Yo
|Fui
|Era
|Seré
|I
|Was
|Will be
|-
|Tu
|Fuiste
|Eras
|Serás
|You
|Were
|Will be
|-
|El / Ella
|Fue
|Era
|Será
|She / He
|Was
|Will be
|-
|Nosotros
|Fuimos
|Eramos
|Seremos
|We
|Were
|Will be
|-
|Ustedes
|Fueron
|Eran
|Serán
|You
|Were
|Will be
|-
|Vosotros
|Fuisteis
|Erais
|Seréis
|You
|Were
|Will be
|-
|Ellos / Ellas
|Fueron
|Eran
|Serán
|They
|Were
|Will be
|-
|Eso / Esto 
|Fue
|Era
|Será
|It
|Was
|Will be
|}

== Estar ==
* To exist, to locate a person or thing in a place, situation, condition, etc. Eg: '''Estoy''' feo, '''estoy''' viudo, '''estoy''' en Canadá, '''estoy''' encerrado.

* Staying a certain time in a place, in a situation. Eg: '''Estuvo''' aquí toda la tarde

* To be, to feel, to be in a certain way. It is constructed with passive adjectives or expressions expressing feelings, sensations, etc. And with adverbs so. Eg: '''Estoy''' triste, '''estoy''' bien, '''estoy''' cansado.
* To be such a day or date, or such month. Eg: '''Estamos''' a martes, '''Estamos''' a 3 de marzo
* Have some price. Eg: ¿En cuánto '''está''' el kilogramo de cebollas?
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
Presente
!Pasado
!Pretérito imperfecto
!Futuro
|-
!Yo
|Estoy
|Estaba
|Estuve
|Estaré
|-
!Tu
|Estás
|Estabas
|Estuviste
|Estarás
|-
!El / Ella
|Está
|Estaba
|Estuvo
|Estará
|-
!Nosotros
|Estamos
|Estábamos
|Estuvimos
|Estaremos
|-
!Ustedes
|Están
|Estaban
|Estuvieron
|Estarán
|-
!Vosotros
|Estáis
|Estabais
|Estuvisteis
|Estaréis
|-
!Ellos / Ellas
|Están
|Estaban
|Estuvieron
|Estarán
|}

Language/Spanish/Grammar/Masculine-and-Feminine

2019-01-21T00:14:24Z

Amigo1:

'''MASCULINE AND FEMININE IN SPANISH, WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?'''

'''IN SPANISH THE MASCULINE (PEOPLE OR OBJECTS) USUALLY END WITH AN "O", FOR EXAMPLE: CABALLO (MALE HORSE), NIÑO or MUCHACHO (BOY, YOUNG MAN), TIO (UNCLE), TELEFONO (TELEPHONE), FOCO (LIGHT BULB), CARRO (CAR BUT ALSO COCHE AND AUTOMOVIL MEAN CAR SO, SOMETIMES ENDS DIFFERENT), SEÑOR (MISTER DOES NOT END WITH O), HOMBRE (MAN) DOES NOT END WITH O. MANY NAMES END WITH O LIKE ALEJANDRO, MARIO, FRANCISCO, OCTAVIO.'''

'''IN SPANISH THE FEMININE (PEOPLE OR OBJECTS) USUALLY END WITH AN "A", FOR EXAMPLE: YEGUA (FEMALE HORSE), NIÑA or MUCHACHA (GIRL, YOUNG GIRL), TIA (AUNT), SEÑORA (MRS., MADAME), MUJER (WOMAN) DOES NOT END WITH A. MANY NAMES END WITH A LIKE DANIELA, LAURA, MARIA, ROSA,'''

Language/Spanish/Grammar/How-to-use-articles-in-spanish

2019-01-21T00:09:16Z

Amigo1:

= Article =
The article points to the word that follows in the sentence, announces its gender and number.It updates the meaning of the name, or on the contrary, generalizes it, giving rise to the following classification:

=== Determined or definite article ===
Select from all of its class, to a specific object and previously known by the participants in the conversation, examples:

No olvides '''''las''''' llaves.

         '''''El''''' automóvil nos recogió al amanecer.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|Male
|el
|los
|-
|Female
|la
|las
|-
|Neutral
|lo
|
|}

=== Article indeterminate or indefinite ===
         Refers to beings or objects not identified, either because they are different within a group, example:

         Necesito '''''un''''' lápiz (any lápiz)

         Or because they are unknown to the speaker, example:

         Me aguarda '''''una''''' sorpresa
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|Masculino
|un
|unos
|-
|Femenino
|una
|unas
|}

== Singularities of the article against female names ==

The article matches its endings with the gender and number of the modified word (los niños, la muchacha, el caballo).However before the feminine nouns that begin with '''''“a”''''' o '''''“ha”''''' tonic (Accentuated), the article takes the form '''''“el”''''' example:

El águila – el hacha – el alba – el agua

For its part '''''“una”''''' becomes '''''“un”''''' example

Un asa – un hambre

This rule does not affect the adjective (la amplia plaza), nor the noun that previously has a complement (la majestuosa águila). In the same way exceptions are the proper names of women when they are used with article (el Alba (used as name)), as well as the letters of the alphabet (a, la hache)

== Contractions '''''al''''' and '''''del''''' ==
Preceded by prepositions '''''"a"''''' or '''''"de"''''' the article determined '''''"el"''''' loses its first letter and forms a single word, example:

-He leído solo la portada '''''del (de + el)''''' periódico.

         -Trata de mirar '''''al(a + el)''''' punto más alto.

         The union is avoided only when '''''"el"''''' is included in a proper name, example:

         -Este es el clima característico '''''de El Bierza.'''''

Language/Spanish/Grammar/How-to-use-articles-in-spanish

2019-01-21T00:07:48Z

Amigo1: /* Determined or definite article */

= Article =
The article points to the word that follows in the sentence, announces its gender and number.It updates the meaning of the name, or on the contrary, generalizes it, giving rise to the following classification:

=== Determined or definite article ===
Select from all of its class, to a specific object and previously known by the participants in the conversation, examples:

No olvides '''''las''''' llaves.

         '''''El''''' automóvil nos recogió al amanecer.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|Male
|el
|los
|-
|Female
|la
|las
|-
|Neutral
|lo
|
|}

=== Article indeterminate or indefinite ===
         Refers to beings or objects not identified, either because they are different within a group, example:

         Necesito '''''un''''' lápiz (any lápiz)

         Or because they are unknown to the speaker, example:

         Me aguarda '''''una''''' sorpresa
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|Masculino
|un/uno
|unos
|-
|Femenino
|una
|unas
|}

== Singularities of the article against female names ==

The article matches its endings with the gender and number of the modified word (los niños, la muchacha, el caballo).However before the feminine nouns that begin with '''''“a”''''' o '''''“ha”''''' tonic (Accentuated), the article takes the form '''''“el”''''' example:

El águila – el hacha – el alba – el agua

For its part '''''“una”''''' becomes '''''“un”''''' example

Un asa – un hambre

This rule does not affect the adjective (la amplia plaza), nor the noun that previously has a complement (la majestuosa águila). In the same way exceptions are the proper names of women when they are used with article (el Alba (used as name)), as well as the letters of the alphabet (a, la hache)

== Contractions '''''al''''' and '''''del''''' ==
Preceded by prepositions '''''"a"''''' or '''''"de"''''' the article determined '''''"el"''''' loses its first letter and forms a single word, example:

-He leído solo la portada '''''del (de + el)''''' periódico.

         -Trata de mirar '''''al(a + el)''''' punto más alto.

         The union is avoided only when '''''"el"''''' is included in a proper name, example:

         -Este es el clima característico '''''de El Bierza.'''''

Language/Spanish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be-(SER-and-ESTAR)

2019-01-20T18:41:17Z

Amigo1: Added content

Use of the “TO BE” verb in Spanish is one of the hardest and cofusing verbs, but at the same time it is one of the most useful and important.
Why is it so hard to understand?
Well,it is because in English like in another languages (german and French, for example) there is only one verb to express things that in Spanish we have to do with 2 different verbs, SER and ESTAR.
For example:
I am John - Soy John (verbo SER)
I am fine - Estoy bien (verbo ESTAR)
The car is mine - El auto es mío (Verbo SER)
I am at home - Estoy en casa (Verbo ESTAR)

As you can see, in english is used only one verb while in spanish are used 2 verbs.

USES OF VERB "SER"
1.- To describe the characteristics of a person:
El hombre es alto – Man is tall
Ella es delgada - She is Slim
Tu eres agradable – You are nice

2.- To know the date,hour, Price.
Hoy es sábado – Today is Saturday
¿Qué hora es? - What time is it?
Es la una (1:00) - It is one o´clock
¿Cuánto es? - How much is it?

3.- To indicate ownership
La casa es mía –The house is mine
El teléfono es de ella – The phone is hers
La computadora es de el - The computer is his

USES OF VERB ESTAR
1.- It is used to talk about a location.
Tú estas en Rusia - You are in Russia
París está en Francia - Paris is in France
Ellos están en casa - They are at home

2.- To explain a temporary state (which can change from one moment to another)
Estoy enfermo - I am sick
Estas contenta – You are happy
Estamos cansados - we are tired

3.- To talk about the activities that are happening at this time.
I am eating – Estoy comiendo
Estamos hablando - We are talking
Estas aprendiendo español - You are learning spanish

CONJUGATION OF VERBS "SER"/"ESTAR"
I am - Yo soy / Yo estoy
You are - Tú eres / Tú estas
He is - Él es / Él esta
We are - Nosotros somos / Nosotros estamos
You are - Ustedes son / Ustedes estan
They are - Ellos son / Ellos estan